Prediction of dose deposition matrix using voxel features driven machine learning approach.

Artificial intelligence has been applied in wildfire science and management since the 1990s, with early applications including neural networks and expert systems. Since then, the field has rapidly progressed congruently with the wide adoption of machine learning (ML) methods in the environmental sciences. Here, we present a scoping review of ML applications in wildfire science and management. Our overall objective is to improve awareness of ML methods among wildfire researchers and managers, as well as illustrate the diverse and challenging range of problems in wildfire science available to ML data scientists. To that end, we first present an overview of popular ML approaches used in wildfire science to date and then review the use of ML in wildfire science as broadly categorized into six problem domains, including (i) fuels characterization, fire detection, and mapping; (ii) fire weather and climate change; (iii) fire occurrence, susceptibility, and risk; (iv) fire behavior prediction; (v) fire effects; and (vi) fire management. Furthermore, we discuss the advantages and limitations of various ML approaches relating to data size, computational requirements, generalizability, and interpretability, as well as identify opportunities for future advances in the science and management of wildfires within a data science context. In total, to the end of 2019, we identified 300 relevant publications in which the most frequently used ML methods across problem domains included random forests, MaxEnt, artificial neural networks, decision trees, support vector machines, and genetic algorithms. As such, there exists opportunities to apply more current ML methods — including deep learning and agent-based learning — in the wildfire sciences, especially in instances involving very large multivariate datasets. We must recognize, however, that despite the ability of ML models to learn on their own, expertise in wildfire science is necessary to ensure realistic modelling of fire processes across multiple scales, while the complexity of some ML methods such as deep learning requires a dedicated and sophisticated knowledge of their application. Finally, we stress that the wildfire research and management communities play an active role in providing relevant, high-quality, and freely available wildfire data for use by practitioners of ML methods.

Performance evaluation of machine learning techniques in predicting cumulative absolute velocity

Chemical heuristics have been fundamental to the advancement of chemistry and materials science. These heuristics are typically established by scientists using knowledge and creativity to extract patterns from limited datasets. Machine learning offers opportunities to perfect this approach using computers and larger datasets. Here, we discuss the relationships between traditional heuristics and machine learning approaches. We show how traditional rules can be challenged by large-scale statistical assessment and how traditional concepts commonly used as features are feeding the machine learning techniques. We stress the waste involved in relearning chemical rules and the challenges in terms of data size requirements for purely data-driven approaches. Our view is that heuristic and machine learning approaches are at their best when they work together.

Estimating penetration rates of Jumbo drills is crucial for optimizing underground mining drilling processes, aiming to reduce costs and time. This study investigates various regression and machine learning methods, including Multilayer Perceptron (MLP), Support Vector Regression (SVR), and Random Forests (RF), to predict the penetration rates (ROP) using multivariate inputs such as operation parameters and rock mass characteristics. The Rock Mass Drillability Index (RDi), incorporating both intact rock properties and structural parameters, was utilized to characterize the rock mass. The dataset was split into 80% for training and 20% for testing. Performance metrics including correlation coefficient (R2), variance accounted for (VAF), mean absolute error (MAE), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), and root mean square error (RMSE) were calculated for each method to evaluate the accuracy of the predictions. SVR exhibited the best prediction performance for ROP, achieving the highest R2, lowest RMSE, MAE, and MAPE, as well as the largest VAF values of 0.94, 0.15, 0.11, 4.84, and 94.13 during training, and 0.91, 0.19, 0.13, 6.02, and 91.11 during testing, respectively. With this high accuracy, we conclude that the proposed machine learning algorithms are valuable and efficient predictors for estimating jumbo drill penetration rates in underground mining operations.

The value added by machine learning approaches in forecasting

Graph machine-learning (ML) methods have recently attracted great attention and have made significant progress in graph applications. To date, most graph ML approaches have been evaluated on social networks, but they have not been comprehensively reviewed in the health informatics domain. Herein, a review of graph ML methods and their applications in the disease prediction domain based on electronic health data is presented in this study from two levels: node classification and link prediction. Commonly used graph ML approaches for these two levels are shallow embedding and graph neural networks (GNN). This study performs comprehensive research to identify articles that applied or proposed graph ML models on disease prediction using electronic health data. We considered journals and conferences from four digital library databases (i.e., PubMed, Scopus, ACM digital library, and IEEEXplore). Based on the identified articles, we review the present status of and trends in graph ML approaches for disease prediction using electronic health data. Even though GNN-based models have achieved outstanding results compared with the traditional ML methods in a wide range of disease prediction tasks, they still confront interpretability and dynamic graph challenges. Though the disease prediction field using ML techniques is still emerging, GNN-based models have the potential to be an excellent approach for disease prediction, which can be used in medical diagnosis, treatment, and the prognosis of diseases.

Introduction Although the management of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has improved in major way over the last decades, this disease still leads to an important burden for patients and society, and there is a need to develop more personalized approaches. Machine learning (ML) methods are more and more used in health-related studies and can be applied to different sorts of data (clinical, radiological, or ‘omics’ data). Such approaches may improve the management of patients with RA. Areas covered In this paper, we propose a review regarding ML approaches applied to RA. A scoping literature search was performed in PubMed, in September 2021 using the following MeSH terms: ‘arthritis, rheumatoid’ and ‘machine learning’. Based on this search, the usefulness of ML methods for RA diagnosis, monitoring, and prediction of response to treatment and RA outcomes, is discussed. Expert opinion ML methods have the potential to revolutionize RA-related research and improve disease management and patient care. Nevertheless, these models are not yet ready to contribute fully to rheumatologists’ daily practice. Indeed, these methods raise technical, methodological, and ethical issues, which should be addressed properly to allow their implementation. Collaboration between data scientists, clinical researchers, and physicians is therefore required to move this field forward.

Formal Concept Analysis (FCA) is emerging in Data Science because of its generality, simplicity, and powerful mathematical foundation. It enabled a uniform data clustering methods into structured space of formal concepts. Several FCA based machine learning (ML) methods gave competitive results compared to classical methods. In another side, ensemble approach proved to be effective by aggregating different basic ML methods. Randomness improved other ML approaches. In this paper, we propose a new conceptual ML method by using random conceptual decomposition. This method integrated and experimented in the context of ensemble learning methods, gave encouraging good results, in general.

With the rapid development of telecommunication networks, the predictability of network traffic is of significant interest in network analysis and optimization, bandwidth allocation, and load balancing adjustment. Consequently, in recent years, significant research attention has been paid to forecasting telecommunication network traffic. Telecommunication traffic forecasting problems can be considered a time‐series problem, wherein periodic historical data is fed as the input to a model. Time‐series forecasting approaches are broadly categorized as statistical machine learning (ML) methods and their combinations. Statistical approaches forecast linear characteristics of time‐series data, unable to capture nonlinear and complex patterns. ML‐based approaches can model nonlinear characteristics of data. In recent years, hybrid approaches combining statistical and ML‐based approaches have been widely used to model linear and nonlinear data characteristics. However, the performance of these approaches highly depends on feature selection techniques and hyper‐parameter tuning of ML methods. A novel hybrid method is proposed for short‐term traffic forecasting based on feature selection and hyperparameter optimization to address this problem. It combines statistical and ML methods to model linear and nonlinear components of data. First, a novel feature selection technique, modified mutual information based on a linear combination of targets, is proposed to find the candidate input variables. Next, a combination of vector auto regressive moving average (VARMA), long short‐term memory (LSTM), and multilayer perceptron (MLP), called VARMA‐LSTM‐MLP forecaster, is suggested to forecast short‐term traffic. A hybrid metaheuristic algorithm, composed of firefly and BAT, is employed to find the optimal set of hyper‐parameter values. The proposed method is assessed by a real‐world dataset containing Tehran city's daily telecommunication data in IRAN. The evaluation results demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms the existing methods in terms of mean squared error and mean absolute error.

Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLNs) are pharmaceutical delivery systems that have advantages such as controlled drug release, long-term stability etc. Particle Size (PS) is one of the important criteria of SLNs. These factors affect drug release rate, bio-distribution etc. In this study, the formulation of SLNs using high-speed homogenization technique has been evaluated. The main emphasis of the work is to study whether the effect of mixing time and formulation ingredients on PS can be modeled. For this purpose, different machine learning algorithms have been applied and evaluated using the mean absolute error metric. SLNs were prepared by high-speed homogenizaton. PS, size distribution and zeta potential measurements were performed on freshly prepared samples. In order to model the formulation of the particles in terms of mixing time and formulation ingredients and evaluate the predictability of PS depending on these parameters, different machine learning algorithms were applied on the prepared dataset and the performances of the algorithms were also evaluated. PS of SLNs obtained was in the range of 263-498nm. The results present that PS of SLNs can be best estimated by decision tree based methods, among which Random Forest has the least mean absolute error value with 0.028. As a result, the estimation of machine learning algorithms demonstrates that particle size can be estimated by both decision rule-based machine learning methods and function fitting machine learning methods. Our findings present that machine learning methods can be highly useful for determining formulation parameters for further research.

Developing Theory Using Machine Learning Methods

How Magic a Bullet Is Machine Learning for Credit Analysis? An Exploration with FinTech Lending Data

Machine learning guided design of functional materials with targeted properties

Wind speed forecasting is critical for a variety of engineering tasks, such as wind energy harvesting, scheduling of a wind power system, and dynamic control of structures (e.g., wind turbine, bridge, and building). Wind speed, which has characteristics of random, nonlinear and uncertainty, is difficult to forecast. Nowadays, machine learning approaches (generalized regression neural network (GRNN), back propagation neural network (BPNN), and extreme learning machine (ELM)) are widely used for wind speed forecasting. In this study, two schemes are proposed to improve the forecasting performance of machine learning approaches. One is that optimization algorithms, i.e., cross validation (CV), genetic algorithm (GA), and particle swarm optimization (PSO), are used to automatically find the optimal model parameters. The other is that the combination of different machine learning methods is proposed by finite mixture (FM) method. Specifically, CV-GRNN, GA-BPNN, PSO-ELM belong to optimization algorithm-assisted machine learning approaches, and FM is a hybrid machine learning approach consisting of GRNN, BPNN, and ELM. The effectiveness of these machine learning methods in wind speed forecasting are fully investigated by one-year field monitoring data, and their performance is comprehensively compared.

Parameter importance assessment improves efficacy of machine learning methods for predicting snow avalanche sites in Leh-Manali Highway, India