Preface

Innovation processes in services remain under-researched, but recently large-scale surveys have been conducted which allow for a more systematic appraisal of the level and scope of innovation in services. To date, much of the literature on innovation in services focuses on the adoption and use of information and communication technologies (ICTs). Innovation in services, and services innovation, should, however, be understood in broader terms, and this understanding should extend to non-technological innovation. This paper presents evidence from a recent large-scale survey of innovation amongst German commercial service firms. It shows that services are much more active with respect to innovation than is widely thought. They are innovative in terms of being producers of service and process innovations. From our broader perspective, we examine the pattern of innovation as it relates to the standardisation-particularisation of service products, across a range of service sectors and across firms of various sizes. The production of bespoke or customised services shaped by client inputs has long been considered a defining characteristic of many services, and one that has affected their innovation potential. The present analysis reveals a pattern of diversity in behaviour, which reflects the diversity amongst service firms, and demonstrates the need for more subtle and differentiated analyses of services and services innovation.

Since the 1990s, organizations have gradually become involved in the transformation of their information technology (IT) management process. In order to determine the direction of IT development in correlation with business needs, a consolidated management approach is imposed. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive assessment of the maturity level of IT management process in an organization. For this purpose, an empirical study in a Romanian public service company was done by using the benchmarking technique and Capability Maturity Model to describe the maturity level of IT management process. Four benchmarking classes, including a number of 24 benchmarks, were taken into account to focus on the main key issues - IT management strategy and IT planning; alignment of business strategy, IT strategy, organizational structure, and IT infrastructure; and information systems security management. The study reveals that the IT management process is mainly focused on technological dimension and less on the managerial one. It was observed that IT managers have a low awareness of managerial skills in planning, organizing, controlling, and leading the IT activities. Practical implication of the study presents two major issues: 1) on one hand, the need to approach a transversal vision in managing the IT process by aligning it to a complex set of choices, reflecting both a strategic and functional perspective and, 2) on the other hand, this study may be useful for managers looking to improve management of the IT department as well as the quality of their services. The study also indicates specific recommendations to refine the IT management process of Romanian companies.

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to determine if perceptions that women and men hold toward careers in information technology (IT) and toward women working in IT create potential barriers that may prevent women managers from pursuing careers in IT.Design/methodology/approachA field study was designed to test the hypotheses. The subjects were graduate students pursuing either an MBA or IT management degree.FindingsThe results revealed that males had greater self‐efficacy for IT occupations, greater passion for computing, and less positive attitudes toward capabilities of women in IT. Our prediction that career barriers would intensify for women who chose an IT management option was not supported. These findings suggest that traditional work role expectations concerning women's efficacy for careers in IT still persist.Research limitations/implicationsThis research was limited by its focus on subjects in the early stages of a management career. To gain a better understanding of the barriers that women face in IT career fields, longitudinal studies are needed to track these barriers throughout the career development process.Practical implicationsIf organisations want to attract, retain, and advance women managers in IT fields, they must proactively address gender role biases and create work environments that build self‐efficacy expectations for women, as well as for men.Originality/valueMuch of the research on career barriers women face in IT is based on qualitative studies and anecdotal evidence. This study provides empirical evidence that barriers still exist for women in IT despite the enhanced demand for IT professionals and managers over the past decade.

The authors trace historical developments in the fields of information technology (IT) and strategic management. IT’s evolution from the mainframe era to the Internet era has been accompanied by a shift in the strategic emphasis of IT. In the early days, IT’s contribution to the organization was largely information provision, monitoring and control. Current research at the intersection of IT and strategic management increasingly highlights the impact of IT in terms of informing strategic decisions and enabling information flow vis-à-vis all manner of organizational processes. We believe these fields are ripe for research focusing on their complementary impact on organizational performance.

Despite growing demand, the information technology (IT) field suffers from a labor shortage compounded by the underrepresentation of women in the IT field. This study examined predictors of occupational and organizational commitment outcomes among IT professionals and explored gender differences and similarities in the relative importance of predictors. 1,229 IT professionals provided web-based survey data, which were analyzed using hierarchical linear modeling and relative weight analysis. Satisfaction with growth opportunities, job security, job stress, and work–family culture generally were related to commitment outcomes as expected, accounting for the greatest variance in organizational commitment. Relative weights for men and women differed in the prediction of occupational commitment, where growth satisfaction and work–family culture were weighted more strongly by women and job stress was more strongly weighted by men. For organizational commitment, the relative weights among predictors were similar for men and women, except that men weighted job security more strongly than women. Findings suggest that garnering commitment to the IT field requires a gender-specific approach, highlighting growth and work–family support for women and addressing job stress for men. Increasing organizational commitment for both men and women calls for an emphasis on opportunities for growth and development. This is the first study to simultaneously examine predictors for organizational and occupational commitment among IT professionals and to assess the relative importance of predictors discussed in the extant literature. Results inform efforts to increase retention in the IT field and provide guidance for improving the representation of women in IT.

Present standards guiding the corporate governance of information technology (IT) provide useful frameworks for organizations’ governing bodies to direct the effective use of information technology (IT) within their organizations. However, existing standards still fail to resolve the dilemma regarding the actual allocation of IT roles and responsibilities between governing bodies and IT management, while such an allocation represents a major challenge in many contemporary organizations. To advance on this issue, we explore IT managers’ interpretation of the allocation of IT roles and responsibilities to either the governing body or managerial levels in nine Ibero-American Higher Education Institutions (HEIs). We used the ISO/IEC 38500 and COBIT standards to define a unique set of 212 management and governance activities and responsibilities. We surveyed 30 IT managers in Higher Education Institutions from nine Ibero-American countries and identified the divergence in the allocation of IT Governance and Management tasks between respondents and expert judgments. Using regression analysis, we show that the degree of such divergence depends on organizational contingency factors such as the formalization of IT procedures, centralization, the complexity of the organization, and the size of IT departments. This is the first study in the literature conducting a thorough analysis of IT task allocation between the governing level and the management level. This study is also the first to identify four organizational factors influencing the divergence between respondents and expert opinion regarding this allocation. The findings and propositions presented in this paper have the potential to extend our understanding of the IT governance dilemma in other professional organizations similar to HEIs.

The need for establishing a link between information technology (IT) management strategies and a firm's competitive strategy has been identified and discussed in the literature. In this paper, factors for measuring IT management sophistication are identified first. Then the effects of the competitive strategy on IT management sophistication are tested empirically. According to a survey of 213 managers, this study finds that competitive strategy has a direct impact on IT management sophistication. This paper concludes with implications for both researchers and practitioners.

Organizations are increasingly dependent on Information Technology (IT) and IT Management takes on greater importance each day. However the role of IT Management in many organizations has not gone much beyond being considered as a technological support and not as the strategic ally. Public institutions are no stranger to this reality. The present article presents the characteristics and It governance maturity level in 10 Peruvian public institutions as a result of a survey directed to 59 IT managers, on the principles of ISO/IEC 38500. The results show that there are weaknesses in the IT governance implementation and it is necessary to initiate a sensitization process to the authorities at the highest level to improve the current situation.

The paper shows the features of the application of the case method in the study of the discipline of IT project management for students majoring in the field of Information Technology. This work analyzes some of the difficulties associated with the limited use of case studies in the field of IT. An original solution to the problem of combining flexible technologies for the development of the project itself on the basis of a case study and methods of studying and applying special software for IT project management presented by authors. The conceptual scheme of the main stages of work with a case, interrelations and content from an initial acquaintance, discussion in groups and acceptance of intermediate decisions, to planning of operations, calendar planning of works and resources were shown. However, the role of special software for visualization of separate stages of project execution management in the MS Project environment at all stages of the life cycle was explained. The combination of individual analytical work of the students, acquisition of teem job skills, the study of MS Project tools, IT project management methods at different stages allows to achieve the planned learning outcomes and develop interdisciplinary competencies.

The constant evolution of technology involves the development of smaller, powerful and intelligent devices capa- ble to generate a great impact on the health care area. Not only the development of biomedical equipment, but computeriza- tion of processes result in managing and controlling the avail- ability, reliability and integrity of health information. This article aims to present a study on how clinical engineers in Brazil have been formed by the academy and evaluating the level of preparedness of these professionals facing the man- agement of the technological resources now present in the health environment. We will also present some new tasks of clinical engineering and information technology based on the ANSI / AAMI / IEC 80001-1:2010, ISO 14971, ANSI / AAMI / IEC 62366:2007, AAMI TiR32: 2004, ANSI / AAMI / IEC 62304:2006. At the end of this article it will be discussed the factors necessary for the professional improvement of Brazili- ans clinical engineers forward international rules and stand- ards of management control of information technologies in health.KeywordsClinical engineering in Brazilmanagement of information technology in healthinternational norms and standardsdisciplines of coursesclinical engineering and information technology management

Information technology and knowledge management are two important matters in the modern organizations of this era. The biggest factor in the success of knowledge management in the present era is the potential that information technology creates for it. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to determine the relationship between information technology and knowledge management in the headquarters of the Social Security Organization. The research method was descriptive-correlational and the statistical population was 620 Experts and senior staff of headquarters of the social security organization. Of these, 237 were selected by random sampling method based on Cochran's formula. Collected information through questionnaire were analyzed using SPSS and LISREL softwares. The results indicated a significant relationship between information technology and knowledge management in the headquarters of the Social Security Organization as well as the relationship between information technology and knowledge management components such as (acquisition, creation, storage, distribution, maintenance). According to the Friedman test, knowledge storage was highly related to information technology in the organization under study.

An overview of the motivation and objectives of this dissertation is provided in the first chapter.Additionally, the first section presents the main research question that guides this dissertation.After that, the systematic literature on IT management is introduced, which makes up Chapter Two of this dissertation.Afterwards, each of the three studies conducted as a part of this dissertation is introduced.Lastly, the first Chapter ends with a conclusion to the introduction.Chapter 1 reduced waste, fraud, waiting times, and the amount of labour required by humans in the primary fast-food ordering and hamburger preparation processes.A fast food restaurant's ordering procedure is simply one illustration of an information process in an organisation.It is used to demonstrate how widespread the benefits of managing information technology (IT) are in terms of increased productivity and improved services.Of course, hamburger restaurants are only a small subset of the organisations in our society.It is commonly known that IT is highly relevant in our current society.This can also be deducted from the size of worldwide IT spending, which will be an estimated $5,1 trillion in 2024 (Gartner [2023]).In 2017, 93% of European workplaces used computers and digital technology is applied for managing information in all types of jobs, including in sectors not traditionally related to digitisation such as farming, health care, and construction (Commission [2017]).The European Commission has set the target of pushing the 54% of the population who possess at least basic digital skills in 2021 to 80% in 2030 (Commission [2022]).Or, as Barisic et al. [2018] state, 'IT transforms all sectors of the economy and influences society in many different ways', and according to Zong and Wang [2022] 'IT profoundly affects the economic development of a country or region'.Industry 1.0 (mechanical production using water and steam) and 2.0 (mass production using electrical energy) from the nineteenth and twentieth centuries are followed by IT-heavy successors: industry 3.0 (IT systems) and 4.0, that leverages the Internet of Things (IoT), Big Data, Artificial Intelligence (AI), and Cloud Computing (Coppolino et al. [2021]; Demir et al. [2019]).Industry 5.0 is, although not yet clearly defined, also forecast to have a strong focus on IT over the harmonisation of working space and efficiency of humans and technology (Maddikunta et al. [2022]).This dissertation is placed in the field of 'IT Management'.The management of IT infrastructure and the assistance it provides organisations in controlling the risks and limitations associated with IT operations are widely acknowledged objectives of IT management (Hundal et al. [2022]).In addition to these operational tasks, IT management also involves strategic components such as product and service et al. [2016]) was preferred above covariance-based models such as LISREL and Artificial Neural Networks (Hackl and Westlund [2000]) as it deals more robustly with multicollinearity since the model reduces the biases of the estimates of large coefficients (Cassel and Westlund [1999]).PLS has shown this robustness in Monte Carlo simulations (Westlund and Parmler [2008]).Furthermore, PLS is shown to be robust to skewed data (Cassel and Westlund [1999]).Eleven out of twelve hypotheses on the Theory of Planned Behaviour were supported.There was just one hypothesis that could not be proven to be significant: that attitude regarding Project Management increases the intention to use PM.The results indicate that Subjective Norm has a significantly higher predictive power on intentions than Perceived Behavioural Control, which is contrary to the initial expectation.From a scientific perspective, this study confirms the robustness of TPB for describing Behaviour in IT management.The findings of this study provide practitioners with clear instruments to steer the behaviour of IT management.

Primary Health Care (PHC) serves as the frontline of national health systems, making digital transformation essential for improving service quality, efficiency, and coverage. This study aims to assess the level of Information Technology (IT) adoption and evaluate supporting management practices at Pusat Kesehatan Masyarakat (Puskesmas) in Indonesia. A descriptive quantitative approach was employed using official secondary data obtained from government institutions, including the Ministry of Health, BPJS Kesehatan, and the Central Statistics Agency, with West Java Province designated as the study area. The analysis encompassed five dimensions: infrastructure availability, utilization of clinical information systems (SIMPUS/ASIK), IT human resource capacity, service performance indicators, and IT management maturity. The results indicate a high adoption rate of basic infrastructure such as internet access and computers; however, the utilization of core clinical systems, including ASIK and PCare, varies considerably across Puskesmas. Limited availability of dedicated IT personnel and insufficient IT management training for leadership were identified as key constraints. Overall, successful digital transformation in PHC depends not only on adequate infrastructure but also on strengthened management practices, particularly in human resource capacity, data governance, and effective use of clinical information systems to achieve improved service outcomes.

Ahmed J. Obaid1*, Salah Albermany2, Bassma H. Hamad3, Hiba A. Ahmed4 1, 2Faculty of Computer Science and Mathematics, University of Kufa, Najaf, Iraq. 3Alkarkh University of Science, Iraq 4Dept of Mathematics, Baghdad University, IraqE-Mails: ahmedj.aljanaby@uokufa.edu.iq, salah_albermany@uokufa.edu.iqICMAICT Proceedings volume involved the contributions that were presented through the Second International Conference of Modern Applications on Information and Communication Technology (ICMAICT), which has been held at University of Babylon, Iraq(http://maict.info), at 22-23 October 2020, ICMAICT also hosted sessions from Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering for their events International Conference on Innovations in Electronics, Communication, Computing & Automation (ICIECCA) The Conference provided a forum for discussion and sharing the knowledge and recent studies in many Fields and Subjects among Researchers, Academics Participants, Lecturers, and other Communities.ICMAICT focused on the Aspects of Computing and Security Systems, Global Economy and Statistics, Communication and Networking, Mathematics and Information Theory, where the received papers come from the authors who working in academics centers, universities, research institutes, corporations, industries, and other agencies. General public theme of ICMAICT is to explore the recent techniques and technologies in the field of Information Technology, Computing, Information Theory, Security systems, and mathematics. ICMAICT also hosted sessions in Nano Technologies, IoT, Biomedical Systems, Hyper-Modal Signal Processing, Wireless Communication Technologies, Networks & Big Data Applications, Electromagnetic, RF, Microwave and Wearable Technology, Sciences. The conference has been a great opportunity for participants coming from UK, Turkey, Nepal, Philippines, Australia, Egypt, Lebanon, Algeria, Iran, India, Pakistan, Malaysia, and Many other Countries to present and discuss topics in their respective research areas.ICMAICT-20 conference hosted6 plenary sessions and invited speakers, and also oral and poster presentations to allow as many as possible attendances to present their scientific results on the different fields. The manuscripts which have presented were published in the IOP Conference Series: Journal of Physics under the peer-reviewed process. We love to express our gratitude for all of the participants, keynote speakers, and guests of honor, for their effective contribution in our conference and these proceedings. We also, acknowledge University of Babylon, Dijla Co. Pvt. Ltd., for their hospitality and sponsoring the conference. Furthermore, would like to thank SICC Center for their supports. Our ongoing thankfulness is presented for our Chairs, Guest editors and Speakers.List of titles Venue of the Conference, The reason(s) why ICMAICT conducted virtually, Technology, technical difficulties and drawbacks of conference virtually, The main technical difficulties of Virtual Meetings can be summarizing as follow, Conference Chairs, Honorary and Invited Conference Chairs, Conference Secretariat Chairs, International Program Chairs, Organizing Committee, Scientific Committee, Session Chairs, Invited Speakers, Organizing Institutions are available in this Pdf.

In a global environment, a key challenge of health care and information technology (IT) management involves increasing the knowledge of human rights issues and addressing the health disparities that result when human rights are violated. This chapter aims to promote the awareness and protection of basic human rights as a 21st century imperative. Drawing upon the human rights conceptual framework, the chapter focuses on the following objectives: First, the chapter highlights direct and indirect linkages between health and human rights, with an introduction to the principles in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and other health-related human rights documents. Second, the relevance of the globalization and the human rights framework for health care and IT management will be discussed. Third, the chapter presents initiatives in IT management solutions and policies with promising potential to enhance the health care and human rights situations of people around the world.