Priority Based Transmission Rate Control with Neural Network Controller in WMSNs

Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks (WMSN) are designed to transmit audio and video streams, still images and scalar data. Multimedia transmission over wireless sensor network has many killer applications like, video surveillance system, object tracking, telemedicine, theft control system and traffic monitoring. Researchers are facing many challenges such as higher data rate, lower energy consumption, reliability, signal detection and estimation, uncertainty in network topology, Quality of Service and security related issues to accomplish various applications of WMSN. Multiple Node Multiple Input Multiple Output (MN-MIMO) properties have been used to improve system performance in terms of data rate, energy consumption and channel capacity. In this paper, mathematical model is presented to calculate and analyze various parameters of the network like, SNR, channel capacity and data rate. Simulation results demonstrate the effect of various channel models on output in deep fading environment and proposed channel model performs better for WMSN compare to non-adaptive system in terms of Bit Error Rate.

Multimedia applications are routed from source nodes via neighboring nodes to a sink in Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks (WMSNs). However, the existing routing protocols in the WMSNs do not fulfill the quality of service (QoS) constraint yet for multimedia transmission. The WMSNs have specific characteristics such as multi-hop way, limited node capability and varying bandwidth, which can affect the quality of service of multimedia applications during the routing process. The best quality of service (QoS) is required by the multimedia applications consisting of high throughput, low end-to-end delay and low packet drop rate. A routing optimization based on the cross-layer design is proposed for multimedia transmission in the WMSNs. The cross-layer design utilizes H.264/Scalable Video Coding (SVC) and IEEE 802.11e Enhanced Distributed Channel Access (EDCA) and has been implemented in Network Simulator 2 (NS2) simulation. The NS2 simulation indicates that the H.264/SVC video application has an average delay of 0.02 sec. Thus, the routing optimization has accomplished to deliver multimedia application successfully via Wireless Multimedia Sensor Network (WMSN).

The increasing availability of low-cost hardware along with the rapid growth of wireless devices has enabled the development of Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks (WMSNs). Multimedia content such as video and audio streaming is transmitted over a WMSN which can easily be deployed with low cost. However, enabling real-time data applications in those networks demands not only Quality of Service (QoS) awareness, but also efficient energy management. Sensor network devices have limited energy resources. The limited energy poses significant threats on the QoS of WMSNs. In this paper, to improve the efficiency of QoS-aware routing, we examine an angle-based QoS and energy-aware dynamic routing scheme designed for WMSNs. The proposed approach uses the inclination angle and the transmission distance between nodes to optimize the selection of the forwarding candidate set and extend network lifetime. Simulation results indicate that considerable lifetime values can be achieved.

In this paper, a Differentiated Services (DiffServ) architecture for Quality of Service (QoS) provisioning in Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks (WMSNs) is presented. The proposed architecture differentiates critical real-time data from real-time multimedia data by defining six traffic classes along with their forwarding behaviour. Since Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are application-specific, DiffServ for WMSNs approaches bandwidth allocation as an optimization problem. The goal is to assign bandwidth to different traffic classes in order to maximize the utilization of the whole system (subject to the overall system constraints). The proposed architecture is evaluated under different forwarding paradigms such as single-hop, multi-hop, and cluster-based. Analytical results show that DiffServ for WMSN can provide service differentiation w.r.t. the characteristics and bandwidth requirement of the traffic class.

Improvements in nanotechnology have introduced contemporary sensory devices that are capable of gathering multimedia data in form of images, audio and video. Wireless multimedia sensor networks handles such type of heterogeneous traffic. Since these networks are an emergent of wireless sensor networks, they inherit constraints that exist in these traditional networks. This paper is a survey of characteristics and requirements of wireless multimedia sensor networks and approaches to mitigating existing challenges in these networks. Further presents a review of recent research on multipath routing protocols and multi-channel media access protocols that offer quality of service assurances in handling multimedia data. The survey shows that there still exist bottlenecks in current routing solutions when applied to wireless multimedia sensor networks due to the nature of traffic involved as well as inherent characteristics, requirements and constraints. The findings are useful in the discovery of solutions to the challenges and issues. The authors further suggest approaches and plausible solutions to the problems in order to assist in the development of protocols that achieve quality of service in wireless multimedia sensor networks.

Multimedia applications have become an essential part of our daily lives, and their use is flourishing day by day. In Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks (WMSNs), large volume of multimedia data is transmitted through the network. If the traffic load is greater than the available capacity of the sensor network, congestion occurs and it causes buffer overflow, packet drop, deterioration of network throughput and effect quality of service (QoS). The limited bandwidth should be adjusted for the packets with different priorities precisely. To emphasize the problem, the paper provides A New Approach for Traffic Management in Wireless Multimedia Sensor Network. According to the paper, sensor nodes in one collision area can adjust their sending states adaptively based on packet priority. To improve the received video quality in base stations, proposed technique keeps the I-frames and ignores the other less important frame types of compressed video. Also retransmissions of lost packets are provided with different priorities for enhancing the system performance. The simulations show that the bandwidth adjustment can protect the packets with high priority effectively, and the performance of the retransmission is well positioned to meet the requirement of the multimedia applications. MATLAB is used for simulation purpose.

Prominent Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks (WMSNs) consist of smart sensor nodes that retrieve multimedia content, such as audio, video, and scalar sensor data from an environment. Because of their popularity, WMSNs are used in a variety of applications. In WMSNs wireless links are unreliable and prone to errors. Link quality estimation has been active area of research in sensor networks for the past few years. In WMSNs new metrics are required to measure and evaluate link quality during discovery of the routing path. Guaranteeing Quality of Service (QoS) is a challenging task due to large amount of multimedia data that needs to be processed in a resource constrained network. This paper presents energy-aware and reliable routing technique, which finds energy-aware good quality links along the path. Next forwarding node is selected based on the distance, link quality, and remaining energy. Simulation results show that proposed technique offers better Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR) and balances energy consumption of nodes to extend network lifetime.

A Low Energy Image Compression and Transmission in Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks

In the networking research community, Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) has achieved considerable significance in the past years and it can be used in extensive variety of domains. In recent years, the tremendous growth of WSN does not meet all the necessities of environmental monitoring. Wireless Multimedia Sensor Network (WMSN) is required to fulfill the requirements of environment monitoring. In this paper, WMSN is used to monitor the agriculture soil environment. In order to ensure optimal use of the sensor nodes in WMSN and accurate access to the collected data,the routing protocols with both energy efficiency and quality of service ( QoS) properties are necessary for the transmission of photo, video and scalar data.This paper proposes a priority aware energy efficient QoS based data transmission for agriculture soil environment and also detects the pest. It utilizes the available bandwidth and data rate in the best way and in order to be more energy efficient during data transmission.For performance analysis, the proposed system is simulated using Java and the results of the experiments suggest that the proposed algorithm is more efficient compared to other methods in terms of delay and energy consumption.

Applying multimedia to Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) adds more challenges due to WSN resource constraints and the strict Quality of Service (QoS) requirements for multimedia transmission. Different multimedia applications may have different QoS requirements, so routing protocols designed for Wireless Multimedia Sensor Network (WMSN) should be conversant of these requirements and challenges in order to ensure the efficient use of resources to transfer multimedia packets in an utmost manner. The majority of solutions proposed for WMSN depends on traditional layered based mechanisms which are inefficient for multimedia transmission. In this paper we propose a cross-layer Ant based Routing Protocol for WMSN (CARPM) by using modified ant colony optimization (ACO) technique to enhance the routing efficiency. The proposed protocol uses an improved ACO to search for the best path that are satisfied with the multimedia traffic requirements. While making best decision the weightage is given to energy consumption, and queuing delay. The proposed cross layer scheme works between the routing, MAC, and physical layers. Since, the remaining power and timestamp metrics are exchanged from physical layer to network layer. Dynamics duty cycle assignment is proposed at MAC layer which changes according to traffic rate. The presented algorithm is simulated using NS2 and is proven to satisfy its goals through a series of simulations.

Modern applications of Wireless Multimedia Sensor Network (WMSN) demands stringent Quality of Service (QoS) requirements. Multipath routing is a promising solution to accomplish the required level of QoS. Typically, wireless links in WMSN are highly unreliable and unpredictable. The unreliable nature of these links substantially affects the performance of the network. Link quality estimation has been an active area of research in sensor networks for the last few years. This paper presents Energy and ETX aware Multipath Geographic Routing (EEMGR) scheme that reinforces routes with high-quality links. It incorporates adaptive cost function which selects the next hop based on ETX, remaining energy, and distance of the neighboring 1-hop node to the sink. Several node-disjoint routing paths are discovered by EEMGR connecting the source node and the sink node. NetTopo algorithm level simulation results reveal that proposed EEMGR scheme chooses good quality links and improves network lifetime as compared to state-of-the-art Two-phase geographical Greedy Forwarding (TPGF) routing scheme.

Wireless multimedia sensor networks (WMSNs) are interconnected devices that allow retrieving video and audio streams, still images, and scalar data from the environment. In a densely deployed WMSN, there exists correlation among the visual information observed by cameras with overlapped field of views. In this paper, the correlation characteristics of visual information are used to address two issues: 1) how to measure the amount of visual information provided by multiple cameras in the network, and 2) how to select a group of cameras to report their information to the sink under distortion constraints. An entropy-based analytical framework is developed to measure the amount of visual information provided by multiple correlated cameras first. Based on this framework, a correlation-based camera selection scheme is introduced. Simulation results show that, given a distortion bound at the sink, the correlation-based selection scheme requires fewer cameras to report to the sink than the random selection scheme.

Technological developments in the micro-electronics and wireless communications, in addition to obtain ability of cheap CMOS cameras and micro phones, have led to appearance of next generation networks known as Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks (WMSNs). WMSN can retrieve image, video, audio and scalar sensor data from the physical environment. Wireless multimedia sensor networks will not only enhance existing sensor network applications like tracking, home automation, and environmental monitor, but they will also enable several new applications such as: Advanced Health Care Delivery, Industrial Process Control, Traffic Congestion Avoidance Systems. In this paper a technique called EEQAR is used to select energy efficient QoS routing which is based on cluster hierarchy. To achieve a enhanced performance, EEQAR routing implements cellular topology to form the cluster structure and balance the energy consumption by structure movement. The simulation results shows that EEQAR performs high efficiency on network lifetime and QoS in wireless multimedia sensor network.

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) abiding a huge quantity of inexpensive, low consumption and intense sensor nodes and sole or additional decline or base stations. Those nodes are tiny in dimension and can carry out numerous significant affairs, as well as event sensing, in order processing, and data communication. Owed to different compensation such as simplicity of consumption, comprehensive transmission range, and identity association, WSNs have been interchanging the conventional networks. The promising and innovative network of wirelessly connected devices, which consist of video, audio streams, scalar sensor data and others, is Wireless Multimedia Sensor Network (WMSN). The multimedia data depends on superiority to overhaul (Qos) parameters, like await, channel utilization, network life time throughput and distortion etc is the main aim to optimized delivery of these networks. In multimedia network each packets are communicated with each other so not on time incoming packets and lots of packets are evenly. In WMSNs challenging task to guarantee resource constrained, high data rate, and soft delay limit beside with energy reduced. In this paper, we provide Survey on comparison of different protocol of Wireless sensor network and wirelesss multimedia sensor network like Greedy Perimeter Stateless Routing for Wireless Networks (GPSR), Real-time and Energy Aware Qos routing protocol (REAR), Temporary ordered routing Algorithm (TORA) and Dynamic source routing (DSR). This different protocols with WMSN are compared in requisites of throughput, end-to-end delay, network life time.

The smart grid incorporates a two-way communication system between customers and the utility for advanced monitoring and intelligent control of supply and demand. Wireless multimedia sensor network can be treated as an organic supplement and a peripheral network in this two-way communication system. However, the challenging smart grid environment makes it difficult to achieve a high quality of service in wireless multimedia sensor network. This article proposes a prioritization mechanism that considers the heterogeneous characteristics of smart grid traffic. Specifically, an innovative channel allocation and traffic scheduling scheme, named the preemptive tidal flow queuing model, is presented. This scheme achieves differentiated services for diverse communication data when the wireless multimedia sensor network accesses the core network and ensures the performance for high-priority data at the expense of the performance for low-priority data. Simulation analyses show that the performance for high-priority messages can be reliably guaranteed and that the preemptive tidal flow queuing model satisfies the requirements for a wireless multimedia sensor network operating in the smart grid environment. This article offers three main contributions: the development of a prioritization mechanism specifically for a wireless multimedia sensor network in the smart grid environment, the proposal of the preemptive tidal flow queuing model, and the presentation of formulas and simulations to verify the performance of the preemptive tidal flow queuing model.