Problems and Countermeasures of the Development of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises in Cross-border Electronic Commerce

The subject of the research. The study focuses on the theoretical and practical aspects of the problems facing State support for small and medium-sized enterprises in Ukraine. The purpose of the article is to identify the main destructive factors in the development of medium and small enterprises and to identify ways to overcome them. The methodological basis of the article is general scientific and special methods of scientific knowledge, such as dialectical method, analysis, grouping of data, problem-oriented approach. Results of work. The article discusses the special role of medium- and small-scale enterprises in generating GDP, creating jobs and improving the demographic situation. It is noted that a significant proportion of enterprises either operate in the shadow sector or do not take measures to improve profitability. It has been hypothesized that an important reason for this state of affairs is imperfect state support for small and medium-sized enterprises. First of all, there is a heavy tax burden, low wages in the sector, unstable legislation. The worldwide coronavirus pandemic has also been noted as an additional challenge, with most small and medium-sized businesses on the verge of survival through quarantine activities. The field of application of results. The materials, results and conclusions of the article may be used in the activities of various public organizations and local self-government bodies as an analytical basis for appeals about the need for State support for small and medium-sized enterprises, Training of specialists in secondary and higher education. Conclusions. Small and medium-sized businesses are the driving force behind the economy. It provides a large share of GDP, promotes the development of the middle class and has a positive impact on demographic indicators. The opportunity and ability of small and medium-sized enterprises to develop, even under difficult political and economic conditions, proves that it is these entities that support the economy in difficult times. Creating an enabling environment for doing business and developing small and medium-sized enterprises should therefore be a priority for the Government. To this end, support programs must be put in place: infotrmation, financial security and social support. Active and targeted support for the development of small and medium-sized enterprises contributes to the growth of GDP and the creation of new jobs.

The aim of the study is the conceptual development of tools for assessing the effectiveness of government measures for the development of small and medium-sized enterprises in the context of foreign economic sanctions, based on the econometric analysis of the indicators of small and medium-sized enterprises (the number of small and medium-sized enterprises, the number of people employed in the field of entrepreneurship) and the allocated financial resources under federal and regional programs to support entrepreneurship («My Business», «Social Entrepreneurship»). The scientific proposal of the authors, used in this article, is to substantiate the importance in the conditions of foreign economic sanctions to expand the access of small and medium-sized businesses to financial resources. This is done through the priority implementation of state support programs for entrepreneurship. Based on the available statistical data, the authors proved that government initiatives to implement federal and regional programs to support entrepreneurship contribute to the increase in the number of small and medium-sized enterprises, which indicates their effectiveness.

This article analyzes the state and prospects for the development of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the Vladimir region. The authors demonstrate that SMEs play a key role in the regional economy, contributing significantly to GDP, job creation, and infrastructure development. The development of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) is an important factor in economic growth and social stability in Russian regions. The structure of region's SME is diverse, encompassing various legal forms, which provides flexibility and adaptability to market conditions. The article emphasizes the important role of government support, including preferential lending programs and tax incentives, as well as the development of support infrastructure (business incubators and technology parks). The article provides statistical information showing a positive trend in the number of enterprises (+2.2%), employment (+6.9%), and turnover (+15.5%) of small and medium-sized businesses in the Vladimir region over the past period. There has also been a significant increase in the average monthly salary of employees (+20.4%). The authors argue that the key factor for the further development of small and medium-sized businesses is the promotion of entrepreneurial activity among the younger generation. The article identifies the main challenges that hinder the development of small and medium-sized businesses in the region. The article discusses the need for government intervention in the economic regulation of small and medium-sized businesses. It emphasizes that without proper government support, the region's economy cannot effectively utilize its resources, which ultimately affects the standard of living and sustainable development of society. The authors identify the key strategic aspects of government support for small and medium-sized enterprises, focusing on creating a sustainable economic environment, developing a modern support ecosystem, and fostering effective collaboration with large businesses.

In modern conditions of development, digital platforms in small and medium-sized businesses began to be widely used during the development of Industry-4.0 globalization. Modern studies define digital platforms as an electronic environment that includes a general set (list) of goods and services with a corresponding digital configuration. Examples of digital platforms are: digital music platform "Spotify" or "iTunes", digital movie platform "Netflix", etc. The article established that from the point of view of the economy, digital platforms are auxiliary electronic environments (markets) on which sellers and buyers buy and sell goods. And digital entrepreneurship is also considered as the process of creating a new Internet business. In the process of research, it was established that thanks to the spread of digital platforms, entrepreneurs have opportunities to stimulate innovation to create new products or services. In the framework of Industry 4.0, globalization and digitalization have created some benefits for participants based on digital platforms. First of all, through digital platforms, manufacturers can assess buyers and end consumers without going through intermediaries. Also, digital platforms allow sellers to display their products in virtual shopping centers through a website, and consumers can view product information at a time and place convenient for them. It has been proven that small and medium-sized enterprises are one of the main engines of the modern economy, which contribute to the development of the country's economy, the creation of income, employment and innovation in various fields. Small and medium-sized enterprises are the key to economic growth and market competition in most developed economies due to their flexibility and ability to innovate. According to the results of the conducted research, it is confirmed that the use of digital tools and platforms helps small and medium-sized businesses to determine the right direction for improving the efficiency of small and medium-sized enterprises within the framework of Industry 4.0 and digitalization trends. After all, the activity of small and medium-sized business enterprises directly affects the total GDP of the country. Thus, the subject of further research is the study of factors that can increase the productivity of small and medium-sized business enterprises, which is important in determining the directions of the future development of small and medium-sized business enterprises. In addition, within the framework of Industry-4.0. SMEs must take advantage of globalization and digitalization to perform better and achieve greater competitive advantages.

With the development of the economy and the policy support of the government, China's small and micro enterprises have mushroomed, especially in the field of technology. The National Bureau of Statistics has reported that by 2023, the Chinese government will have fostered around 60000 specialized and high-end technological businesses. From a political perspective, the government will build a policy system conducive to the development of small and micro enterprises. From an economic perspective, government policies will improve the investment and development confidence of small and micro enterprises. From a social perspective, the government promotes small and micro enterprises to improve their soft power through the publicity of innovation culture. From the perspective of science and technology, government documents point out the macro development direction for the scientific research of small and micro enterprises. In addition, this paper points out the problems existing in small and micro technology enterprises under the government preferential policies, and puts forward reasonable suggestions for their development, so as to promote the healthy development of small and micro enterprises.

As a powerful measure to deepen the supply-side structural reform, tax reduction and fee reduction policies play an important role in promoting the high quality development of small and medium-sized enterprises(SMEs).This paper selects 582 SMEs listed on China's A-share market from 2018 to 2021 to measure their high quality development level and explore the policy effect of the new round of tax reduction and fee reduction policies implemented since 2018.The results show that the reduction and exemption of value-added tax(VAT) and social insurance premiums are conducive to improving the high quality development level of SMEs, and the impact of income tax reduction on the high quality development level of enterprises is not significant, and the income tax burden between enterprises is quite different. Therefore, this paper puts forward some policy suggestions to further implement of the tax and fee reduction policies, consolidate the achievements of the existing tax and fee reduction policy, improve the tax structure of enterprise VAT and social insurance premiums, implement differentiated income tax reduction and exemption policy, and guide the high quality development of SMEs.

The study analyzes the development of small and medium-sized businesses in the southern regions of Russia, including the Republic of Kalmykia, Astrakhan, Volgograd, Rostov regions and Stavropol Territory. The purpose of the study is to analyze the statistics of the development of small and medium-sized enterprises in the South of Russia, with an emphasis on identifying differences and peculiarities in the dynamics of its development. The objectives of the study include conducting a comparative analysis of key indicators of small and medium-sized enterprises, identifying factors contributing to and hindering its development, as well as identifying the main problems faced by entrepreneurs. The work uses methods of comparative analysis, statistical data processing and a systematic approach based on official statistical data, reports from government agencies and scientific research, which ensures the reliability and objectivity of the conclusions. Results. Quantitative indicators such as the number of registered small and medium-sized enterprises, production volumes, and employment levels were analyzed. A steady increase in the number of registered small and medium-sized enterprises was observed in all regions, although the rate of growth varied. The largest increases were observed in the Rostov Region and Stavropol Krai, indicating favorable business conditions. However, a decline in employment in a number of regions points to structural changes in the economy and the optimization of business processes. One of the key features of regional economic policy is the significant difference in the level of small and medium-sized enterprises development between regions. For example, the Rostov Region demonstrates a steady increase in the number of small and medium-sized enterprises and their contribution to the regional economy, while the Republic of Kalmykia faces limitations related to a smaller population and a narrow domestic market. Regional differences are also evident in the structure and specialization of small and medium-sized enterprises. In Stavropol Krai, growth is observed in the agricultural sector, while the Volgograd Region emphasizes industry. These characteristics highlight the need to consider regional specifics when developing support measures.

Small and medium-sized enterprises, like large enterprises, are indispensable and important part of China's modern economic operation. They have played an irreplaceable and important role in promoting the sustained and rapid development of the national economy and alleviating the employment pressure. Financing difficulties is the main factor restricting the survival and development of small and medium-sized enterprises in China. The emergence of supply chain financial financing model, provide a new way of thinking to break through the financing difficulties of SMEs. This paper first introduced the current situation of financing of small and medium-sized enterprises in China from two aspects: the status of direct financing and the status of indirect financing, sums up the problems of financing small and medium-sized enterprises, and analyzes the reasons of financing difficulties of small and medium-sized enterprises in China from both inside and outside The Secondly, the article puts forward the advantages of supply chain finance in solving the financing dilemma of small and medium-sized enterprises, and three basic models in solving the financing process of small and medium-sized enterprises. Finally, the author puts forward the countermeasures and suggestions for the effective development of supply chain finance with the present situation of financing of small and medium-sized enterprises in China.

With the improvement of the level of market economy and the improvement of the state's attention to small and medium-sized enterprises (SME), the number of small and medium-sized enterprises in China is gradually increasing, and the market competition is also becoming increasingly fierce. Under the background of big data, the competition faced by small and medium-sized enterprises is more severe. Strengthening the management of financial internal control can ensure that enterprises can successfully complete their development goals and improve their market competitiveness, so as to realize the healthy development of small and medium-sized enterprises. Combined with the significance of financial internal control of small and medium-sized enterprises under the background of big data, this paper emphatically analyzes the problems existing in financial internal control of small and medium-sized enterprises under the background of big data. According to the analysis results, this paper puts forward the strategies of financial internal control of small and medium-sized enterprises under the background of big data, for reference.

This study investigated the challenges confronting human capital development in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Nigeria. The authors adopted the survey research design. An instrument was designed using the 5-point Likert scale ranging from strongly agree (5) to strongly disagree (1). The instrument has two sections. Section A has nine items which sought the views and opinions of respondents on the challenges of human capital development in SMEs and Section B has eight items which elicited the demographic profiles of respondents. A total of 165 questionnaires were distributed to the target population using the purposeful (judgmental) sampling technique. Out of the 165 questionnaires administered, 140 were returned upon which the analysis was based. This represents an 85% response rate. Data analysis was carried out with the aid of SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences). It was found that human capital development in Nigerian SMEs leaves much to be desired. Based on the analysis of data, it was found that 79% of respondents agreed and strongly agreed that many SMEs have negative training philosophy and pay lip service to human resource development. Seventy percent of the respondents agreed and strongly agreed that many SMEs do not have laid-down policies governing training and development programmes, while 52% of the respondents agreed and strongly agreed that SMEs engage in human capital development haphazardly, without embarking on need analysis. The authors recommended the need to address the issues of human capital development in SMEs and for SMEs to embrace the investor in people criteria if the desired corporate and national goals are to be realized.

Linkage between Training and Development on Business Growth: A Study of Manufacturing SmalllMedium Sized Enterprises (SMEs) in Sri Lanka.

The article highlights current issues regarding the potential of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), which is an important factor in the economic development of any country. The innovative potential of the enterprise is the ability of the organization to generate new ideas and implement them in its activities. This is a complex indicator that includes various aspects that affect a company's ability to be innovative. The study provides key aspects that determine the innovative potential of SMEs, namely: economic growth - SMEs contribute to the creation of new jobs and ensure the flexibility of the economy, as they quickly respond to market changes; innovation – small and medium-sized enterprises are often the source of new ideas and technologies, as they have lower bureaucratic barriers and more flexible structures; competition - SMEs contribute to increasing the level of competition in the market, which stimulates large companies to increase efficiency and improve the quality of products and services; social aspect – small and medium-sized enterprises are often the basis for the development of local communities, providing jobs and supporting the local economy; globalization – SMEs can successfully enter international markets, contributing to the country's export potential. Key challenges for SMEs include access to finance, regulatory barriers, shortages of skilled workers and the need to adapt to technological change. Support from the state, business incubators and other organizations can significantly improve the conditions for the development of small and medium-sized enterprises. An up-to-date analysis of small and medium-sized enterprises was carried out and the corresponding steps for creating an effective innovation potential of small and medium-sized enterprises were provided. The key elements of innovation potential are presented, namely: resource base, organizational structure and culture, research and development (R&D), information support, patent and licensing activities, innovation marketing, innovation management. Innovative potential is a key factor for ensuring long-term competitiveness and success of the enterprise on the market. It allows the company not only to respond to changes in the external environment, but also to actively form new market opportunities.

As a part of the national economy, Small and Medium-sized enterprises play a role in promoting a country's economy, but most studies show that financing constraints hinder the innovation and development of small and Medium-sized enterprises. This paper analyzed the effect of descriptive statistics, robustness test, and heterogeneity analysis to explore the impact of digital financial development on small and Medium-sized enterprises' financing constraints. Research shows that with the increase of the digital finance index, financing constraint tends to decrease. Therefore, the development of digital finance plays a positive role in the financing constraints of small and Medium-sized enterprises.

Regional Context of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises’ Development: Case Study of Southern Poland

For the stable development of small and medium-sized enterprises, the credit issue has always been an important constraint. With the steady development of financial technology, big data technology has been applied in the credit field for small and medium-sized enterprises, significantly enhancing the efficiency of bank credit approval and risk identification capabilities. However, the existence of data governance issues such as data silos, privacy leaks, and unclear ownership has restricted the full release of the application potential of big data technology. This paper systematically examines the current application status of big data technology in the credit of small and medium-sized enterprises, identifies key governance bottlenecks such as data acquisition, data quality, security and compliance, and proposes a feasible path for the collaborative governance of system and technology. By constructing a four-dimensional collaborative model of "regulatory framework - data standards - technical tools - enterprise collaboration", further suggestions are provided for promoting the full empowerment of financial technology in credit support for small and medium-sized enterprises.