Profiles of public attitude change regarding stuttering

Both positive and negative changes are commonly reported by cancer survivors, and both may impact quality of life. Yet few studies have directly compared the associations of positive and negative changes across multiple life domains with multiple aspects of well-being. This study examined positive and negative changes and their conjoint relation to a range of well-being indices. We used correlational and regression analyses of data from 237 young to middle aged (X = 45.3 years) cancer survivors, several years after treatment. Measures included demographic and medical variables, medical post-cancer positive and negative changes on multiple life domains, and a range of positive and negative adjustment indices. Demographic factors, especially income, related to both positive and negative outcomes. On average, participants reported no change on most life domains, although modest amounts of both positive and negative changes were reported. Negative change, rather than positive change, was closely associated with cancer survivors’ adjustment. Detailed measurement of both positive and negative changes – as well as lack of change – is important to advance understanding of cancer's impact on survivors.

CHAPTER 8 - Summary of Attitude and Source Change Theories

The purpose of this study was to identify the attitude of South Korean medical school students towards psychiatry and to analyze how lectures and clinical clerkship in psychiatry effect changes in students' attitudes. A total of 100 medical school students were recruited as subjects in the study, 86 of whom completed psychiatry lectures and underwent psychiatry clerkship from March 2015 to August 2018. The participating students completed a survey, which included demographic data, specialty choice, and attitude towards psychiatry. Subjects who completed lectures and clinical clerkship in psychiatry showed positive changes in attitude towards psychiatry in the following items: "Among mental health professionals, psychiatrists have the most authority and influence" (p=0.002), "Psychiatrists frequently abuse their legal power to hospitalize patients against their will" (p<0.001), and "Many people who could not obtain a residency position in other specialties eventually enter psychiatry" (p=0.028). However, negative changes in attitude towards psychiatry were shown in the following item: "On average, psychiatrists make as much money as most other doctors" (p=0.008). Also, specific medical school factors scored positively overall. Although it was not statistically significant, the questionnaire item "During my psychiatry rotation, psychiatry residents were good role models" was more positively observed by students after completion of psychiatry lectures and clerkship. After each curriculum, certain attitudes toward psychiatry were positively changed, but others either remained unchanged or were negatively changed. By using these study results to revise the current curriculum, medical school students' attitude towards psychiatry can be improved.

The comparison of the views of teachers with positive and negative attitudes towards rubrics

This qualitative follow up of long-term (>5 years) cancer survivor and spouse participants from a large, previous study of quality of life after blood and marrow transplantation (BMT) was designed to gain a deeper understanding of lasting life changes they experienced. Thirty spouse-survivor pairs, an average of 13 years post-BMT, were individually interviewed to identify lasting life changes. Participants were asked about their most significant long-lasting change since cancer/BMT, most significant positive change and negative change, and whether the experience had affected them and their spouse differently. Spouses and survivors spontaneously identified both positive and negative changes. Spouses reported a higher proportion of negative changes (24%) than did survivors (15%), and survivors a higher proportion of positive changes (85%) than spouses (76%). For both groups, the most frequent positive change was in 'perspective/outlook on life' and negative change was 'lingering health effects,' although survivors mentioned the latter twice as often as did spouses. Spouses were more likely to talk about changes in the first-person plural (we, us) that were largely emotional or in relation to the survivor, whereas survivors spoke of changes in the first-person singular (I, me) that occurred to them directly and were largely physical. Although both spouses and survivors described similar negative and positive long-lasting changes that continued an average of 13 years post-BMT, they reported differences in the ways they were impacted by the experience, which was reflected in the language they used. Implications for future studies, family education, and couples-based interventions are discussed.

Changing or unchanging Chinese attitudes toward ride-hailing? A social media analytics perspective from 2018 to 2021

The sustainment of gains for cancer patients provided psychosocial interventions is unclear. Furthermore, it is unknown whether interventions also yield long-term positive changes. The present study experimentally tests if an intervention delivered at cancer diagnosis could yield broad, long-term, changes in domains such as relationships, worldview, priorities, and goals. It was hypothesized that the intervention group would report more positive and fewer negative life changes during survivorship versus the control group. Patients with Stage II/III breast cancer were randomized to biobehavioral intervention (BBI) or assessment only. At randomization, patients completed measures of cancer stress (Impact of Events Scale [IES]) and depressive symptoms (Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression scale [CES-D]). At the 24-month follow-up, survivors (N = 160) completed a thought listing task with 7 prompts (e.g., "relationships"). Patients listed thoughts about change since diagnosis and rated each for valence. Groups were compared on the frequency of positive/negative thoughts across prompts. Listed thoughts were content analyzed. BBI survivors reported significantly more positive changes (p < .05), controlling for IES and CES-D. Groups did not differ on negative changes. Patients with higher IES/CES-D scores reported more negative changes at 24 months (ps < .05). Content analysis revealed a predominance (13/23) of positive thought categories. Adding support for efficacy, BBI survivors reported significantly more positive life changes since diagnosis than survivors not receiving BBI. More generally, heightened stress/depressive symptoms at diagnosis foretold survivors' reporting of more negative changes. Thought listing is a strategy to obtain personalized accounts of life changes after breast cancer. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).

The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Young Australian Adults’ Food Practices

Four categories of medical student attitudes were measured: attitudes toward psychiatry and psychiatrists; treatability of psychiatric patients; likeability of psychiatric patients; attitudes toward the medical profession. Albert Einstein College of Medicine (AECM) students showed preto post-clerkship positive attitude change in their attitude toward psychiatry and psychiatrists and treatability of psychiatric patients. Ben-Gurion University (Israel) students showed no changes in attitude scores. Analysis of 14 items considered especially relevant to the clerkship experience indicated that the clerkship tended to strengthen pre-existing positive attitudes with no change in negative attitudes.

This study aims to examine the asymmetric impact of exchange rate fluctuations on money demand in Sudan. The non-linear autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model was applied to data pertaining to 1960–2018. The empirical results suggest that the impact of the exchange rate is asymmetric in the long and short terms. In the short term, a positive change in the exchange rate increases money demand, while a negative change in the exchange rate has no effect. However, in the long term, a positive change in the exchange rate increases money demand, and a negative change has the same effect. In the long term, a negative change in the exchange rate has a greater effect than a positive change, indicating that a depreciation of the Sudanese pound has a greater effect. The difference between the positive and negative changes in the exchange rate indicates its asymmetric effect on money demand in Sudan. This study recommends that monetary policy in Sudan should target such positive and negative changes in the exchange rate, and that decision makers should adopt policies that achieve exchange rate stability. In addition, policymakers should also aim to establish an industrial production base to reduce reliance on imports.

This survey explored para-menstrual changes that Mexican pre-menarcheal girls expect to experience and paramenstrual changes actually experienced by post-menarcheal girls. The survey included 95 pre-menarcheal girls who reported what they expected to experience in the para-menstruum, and their answers were compared with para-menstrual changes reported by 98 post-menarcheal girls. There were more post-menarcheal than pre-menarcheal girls who reported negative physical changes, while more pre-menarcheal girls expected to experience negative changes related to cognitive-emotional expressions. Regarding positive para-menstrual changes, despite the fact that hardly any of the girls named them, more post-menarcheal girls reported positive changes than pre-menarcheal girls who expected the changes. The dominant menstrual discourse concerning menstruation focused on para-menstrual negative changes, which can lead pre-menarcheal girls to anticipate their periods with fear and to overlook positive changes that may occur in the para-menstruum.

Public attitudes towards persons with intellectual disabilities (IDs) have a significant effect on potential community integration. A better understanding of these can help target service provision and public awareness programmes. The objective of the present study is threefold: (1) describe public attitudes towards persons with ID along affective, cognitive and behavioural dimensions; (2) compare and contrast attitudes according to sex, age, education and income, as well as frequency and quality of contacts with persons with ID; and (3) ascertain whether the level of functioning has an effect on attitudes. The Attitudes Toward Intellectual Disability Questionnaire (ATTID) was administered by phone to 1605 randomly selected adult men and women, stratified by region in the province of Québec, Canada. The ATTID uses a multidimensional perspective of attitudes that reflect affective, cognitive and behavioural dimensions. The results showed that public attitudes were generally positive regarding all three attitudinal dimensions. Public attitudes towards persons with ID are presented in terms of the five factors measured through the ATTID: (1) discomfort; (2) sensibility or tenderness; (3) knowledge of causes; (4) knowledge of capacity and rights; and (5) interaction. Attitude factor scores vary as a function of participant characteristics (sex, age, education and income) and the degree of knowledge about ID, the number of persons with ID known to the participants, as well as the frequency and quality of their contacts with these persons. Men had greater negative attitudes than women as regards the discomfort factor, while women had more negative attitudes regarding the knowledge of capacity and rights factor. More positive attitudes were revealed among younger and more educated participants. Attitudes were generally not associated with income. Public attitudes tended to be more negative towards people with lower functioning ID. These results yield useful information to target public awareness and education.

Aim of the studySexual health is central to holistic health care; studies indicate that health professionals are uncomfortable raising sexual issues partly because of their conservative sexual attitude. India hosts a multitude of social beliefs and cultural traditions. Everybody including Health professionals have certain beliefs hardwired into their mindsets, including attitude towards sexuality. so we aim to study the change in students’ attitude towards various aspects of own and others-sexuality &amp; to explore the gender difference in same.Subject or material and methodsA prospective study was conducted in a medical college of Gujarat. The study was conducted in medical students in their 3rd year. Data were collected using Trueblood Sexual Attitudes Questionnaire and those were compared to the data of same students collected in their 1st year, in order to see the change in attitude toward sexuality. (Using paired &amp; unpaired t test)ResultsThe study showed that the students had a positive attitude towards own-sexuality for all domains, after 3 years in medical college. In attitudes towards others-sexuality, students still had a negative attitude towards masturbation &amp; commercial sex. This change of attitude was statistically significant for all students, except in male students’ attitude towards others-sexuality.DiscussionSexual health related topics and frequent encounters with patients with different sexual health needs gave students a better understanding of same, but the results are still unsatisfactory.ConclusionsIt can be concluded that: The students had a positive attitude towards own-sexuality after 3 years in medical college. In attitude towards others-sexuality, students still had a negative attitude towards masturbation and commercial sex.

Introduction The Triadic Model is an ongoing professional relationship between a clinician, client, and surrogate partner. In surrogate partner therapy (SPT), a surrogate partner is a professional who helps clients overcome challenges to emotional and physical intimacy by encouraging somatic self-awareness, teaching communication and relationship skills, and utilizing contextualized touch which can work up to and including erotic contact. Using the Triadic Model, both professionals individually work with the client and routinely collaborate to discuss the course of treatment. Previous research has shown clinicians have hesitation regarding SPT due to knowledge deficit around treatment, perceived lack of legality, and stigma surrounding SPT (Denton, 2018; AASECT, 2014). Surrogate partners have previously indicated that the success of SPT, ultimately driven by their complex and dynamic work with clients, would not be possible without the framework of the Triadic Model (Bechtold, 2020). Leaders in sex therapy have called for more research to better inform clinicians about the importance of these treatment options and their potential to benefit clients. Objective The current study investigates how the Triadic Model is situated within the discipline of clinical therapy. Specific objectives include identifying clinicians’ attitudes towards the Triadic Model and what barriers limit its utilization. Methods In 2024, an international questionnaire surveyed clinicians regarding their perspectives on working collaboratively with surrogate partners. Respondents were provided with definitions of “surrogate partner” and “the Triadic Model” before being asked to describe their thoughts and feelings about this therapeutic option. In the current study, responses were thematically coded with specific attention to whether participants expressed positive, negative, or mixed attitudes toward the Triadic Model, and if so, what reasons they discussed. The positive and negative reasons within mixed-attitude responses were identified and analyzed together with the purely positive and purely negative responses, respectively. Results Respondents (N = 134) expressed purely positive attitudes (49%), mixed attitudes (40%), purely negative attitudes (8%), and neutral/unspecified attitudes (3%). The most prevalent rationales among positive attitudes (n = 119) included the Triadic Model’s effectiveness (32%; ie, perceived client benefits) and usefulness (27%). Many positive attitudes were expressed with unspecified reasons (26%). Other rationales mentioned limits to talk therapy (8%) and a holistic approach (7%). Among negative attitudes (n = 64), the most prevalent themes were legal/regulatory concerns (30%; ie, legal ambiguity, lack of protections, lack of licensure for surrogate partners) and financial/geographic barriers (28%; these are linked due to the cost of travel). Other themes among negative attitudes were ethical/safety concerns (16%), lack of personal knowledge/training (9%), cultural stigma (6%), limited clinical applications (5%), client apprehension (3%), and unspecified reasons (3%). Conclusions Our results suggest that while many clinicians have positive attitudes toward the clinical value of SPT, there are still barriers that may prevent its widespread use. While some of the barriers we identified reflect previous findings, financial and geographic barriers may be more of a factor than previously indicated. As with most forms of sexual healthcare, our data highlight the need for more equitable structures at institutional, state, and national levels to support an accessible availability of surrogate partners working in the Triadic Model. Disclosure No.

A three-month follow-up study evaluating changes in clinical profile and attitudes towards involuntary admission