Protecting Digital Documents in E-Learning: A Novel Ownership Verification Mechanism Using Steganography and QR Codes

Geospatial digital rights management

With advances in QR code, mobile is becoming one of important channels in the fashion retail industries. This study attempts to understand the importance of QR code utilization in creating multi-channel business model. Study objectives are to classify types of multi-channel retailing by QR code utilization and to explore the role of QR code technology in strategic marketing elements for types of multichannel retailer. As an exploratory approach, a total of 78 news articles regarding QR code issues were reviewed and analyzed by focusing on 48retailers seleted in this study. The results found seven dimensions of QR code marketing strategies: abundant product information, additional information contents, transaction accessibility, connectedness to channels, location based service, loyalty program and multimedia advertising. Based a combination of channels and level of mobile apps' activation, multichannel retailers utilizing QR code technology were classified into four types; bricks-click-active mobile model, bricks-click-inactive mobile model, bricks-click model, and click-active mobile model. There were differences of using QR code marketing strategies among multichannel models. According to results, for bricks-and-mortar retailers, QR code was critical to integrate shopping experience with merchandise or sales promotions across channels. In addition, for non-store retailers, the QR code utilization was successful in expanding mobile channels, which can promote retail sales by a two-way interaction with customers via the mobile apps.

클라우드 컴퓨팅 기술과 스마트 장치 기술의 발전은 다양한 분야에서 그 영향력을 확대하고 있다. 콘텐츠 서비스에 있어서 콘텐츠를 안전하게 보호하기 위한 DRM(digital rights management) 기술은 매우 중요한 요소로 다양한 스마트 장치에서 시간 및 장소의 제약 없이 서비스를 제공하기 위해서는 DRM 기술 간의 상호 운용성(interoperability)을 해결해야 한다. 본 논문에서는 클라우드 환경에서 DRM 기능들을 서비스로 제공하는 DRM 클라우드를 연구하여 서로 다른 DRM 기술들을 서비스로 제공함으로써 상호 운용성을 해결하고자 한다. 즉, 서로 다른 DRM이 적용된 콘텐츠를 스마트 장치에서 사용하고자 할 때 DRM 클라우드로부터 해당 DRM 모듈과 기능들을 SaaS와 같은 서비스로 콘텐츠의 사용을 제어한다. 이를 위해 DRM 클라우드 사용자와 DRM 클라우드 간의 원활한 서비스 호출과 제공을 수행하는 중개자인 DRM Proxy의 기능과 구조를 정의하고 구현 결과를 기술한다. The development of cloud computing technology and smart devices have increasingly been expanding the influence in various fields. Although DRM(Digital Rights Management) is a very important technology for secure content services, interoperability among DRM technologies must be addressed in order to provide the service without the constraints of time and place on various smart devices. In this paper, we study DRM Cloud which provides DRM functions as a service in cloud computing environment, and address interoperability problem by providing different DRM technologies as a cloud service. That is, when a user wants to play contents with the different DRM technologies on a smart device, the usage of the content is controlled by providing the corresponding DRM module and function as SaaS from DRM cloud. To do this, we define the functions and structure of DRM Proxy which performs smooth service call and provision between DRM cloud user and DRM cloud, and finally we describe the experimental implementation result.

Chicken and egg food traceability system based on NFC and QR code technology was designed. The traceability system registers and uploads the information of raised chickens through the chicken foot ring embedded with NFC tag. The system generates egg QR code according to the registered information and prints it on the eggs corresponding to the raised chickens. It is used for consumer users to scan and query the relevant information of the eggs and the raised chickens, including the breeding address, breeder and breeding record of the raised chickens. The system is designed based on the classic three-layer mode of the Internet of things and the B / S architecture. The system mainly realizes the traceability of chickens through NFC tags and eggs through QR codes. It has high stability and great application and promotion value.

This research analyses consumer perceptions of using QR Codes in promotional activities and digital payments implemented at Rumah Makan Surya Rezeki "Tahu Gimbal" Tlogosari-Semarang. The research method used is descriptive quantitative with a questionnaire analysis approach given to consumers who have completed transactions at the restaurant. The result of this research is a change in how restaurants serve consumers with the introduction of QR Code technology as an alternative to provide information on the available menu items along with their prices and enable digital payments. The QR Code information provided is sufficient when printed as an image, and consumers focus their smartphone camera on scanning it until it connects to the needed information. The implementation of QR codes impacts the improvement of customer service through more straightforward, faster, and safer service. The obstacles encountered in implementing this QR code technology are unstable network access, which causes the application communication to malfunction, and many consumers still do not understand how to use the QR code.

An improved E-DRM scheme for mobile environments

The simplicity of material reproduction and distribution has made protecting intellectual property rights more and more difficult in the digital age. By means of access and use control, Digital Rights Management (DRM) systems have become increasingly important in protecting copyrighted material. Studies indicate that DRM especially in the music and publishing sectors discourages illegal use and supports monetisation strategies for digital media. DRM, on the other hand, sometimes creates compromises that can lower user happiness and even promote piracy as a kind of resistance by restricting consumer rights and interoperability problems. New studies underlined the need of a balanced DRM strategy combining legal, technical, and economic elements while honouring fair use and user autonomy. Advances in blockchain and smart contracts are also being investigated as decentralised substitutes for conventional DRM systems, promising possible enhancements in rights enforcement and openness. The ease with which material may be reproduced and disseminated in the digital age has made intellectual property rights protection more difficult. Systems for digital rights management, or DRM, have become essential for protecting intellectual material by limiting access and use. DRM successfully discourages unauthorised usage and promotes digital media monetisation models, according to research, especially in the publishing and music sectors. DRM frequently brings trade-offs, though, such restricted consumer rights and interoperability problems, which can lower user pleasure and occasionally incite piracy as a form of resistance. A balanced DRM strategy that incorporates legal, technological, and economic tactics while upholding fair usage and user liberty is crucial, according to recent study. As decentralised alternatives to conventional DRM systems, developments in blockchain technology and smart contracts are also being investigated since they may enhance rights enforcement and transparency.

This study aims to estimate the factors determining the perceived behavioral Intention to use the QR code on a smartphone in the commuter line tap-in tap-out ticketing process as an alternative payment. The rapid growth of information technology in the last two decades had become a factor that encouraged individuals and groups to utilize information technology from devices or technological tools as effectively and efficiently as possible to facilitate the activities and business processes being carried out. This research used the probability sampling technique with a random sampling of 100 commuter line passengers. In addition, this research used the data analysis technique of the Structural Equation Model-SmartPLS3.0. The results indicated that perceived compatibility and enjoyment significantly affected the perceived ease of use and usefulness in the consumer's behavioral Intention to use QR Code technology on smartphones as a substitution for purchasing commuter train tickets. However, the three other variables, perceived convenience, self-efficacy, and enjoyment, do not significantly influence the usefulness of using QR Code Technology on smartphones as an alternative for purchasing commuter tickets, and neither do the technological knowledge and perceived compatibility.

Over the last few years, Digital Rights Management (DRM) systems have become increasingly successful in various areas of digital content production and distribution. While DRM-related technology research has achieved a certain degree of maturity since the 1990�s, the legal framework surrounding DRM systems remains in flux and is fiercely debated. This keynote speech first provides an overview of the various ways by which digital content is protected in a DRM system. The intertwining protection by technology, contracts, technology licenses and anti-circumvention regulations may lead to a new property right making copyright protection obsolete. However, there is a danger of over-protection: questions of fair use and other limitations to traditional copyright law have to be addressed. If competition is not able to solve this tension between the interests of content providers and the interests of users or the society at large -- which seems doubtful at least -- it is the law that has to provide a solution. The speech presents the different approaches legislatures in Europe and in the United States have adopted. Second, the speech discusses recent developments at the intersection of DRM and the law, in particular the discussions about DRM interoperability, patents on DRM technology, DRM standards, and the relationship between DRM and levy systems as well as between DRM and trusted computing. Third, the speech analyzes recent scholarship that attempts to solve legal and policy questions surrounding DRM on a technological level. The speech questions whether the tension between technological protection and public values such as fair use, privacy, competition and an innovation commons is really irreconcilable. It argues for a more nuanced approach that explores possibilities and limitations of a value-centered technology design of DRM systems. Only if technology research focuses on such questions, the disapproval of DRM systems by many legal scholars and policy activists could possibly diminish in the long term.

This article presents a roadmap of emerging legal problems in the area of Digital Rights Management (DRM). It argues against adopting fundamentalist viewpoints in the DRM policy debate. In particular, DRM technology is much more flexible than many DRM critics acknowledge. The article covers various problems that are less frequently discussed in legal and policy circles. It analyzes the relationship between DRM, fair use, and innovation, using rights locker architectures, dynamic DRM systems, the Creative Commons project, DRM technology license agreements, and security research as examples. It addresses the alleged dichotomy between DRM and copyright levy systems as well as the implications of DRM for privacy protection. By analyzing various technology platforms, it describes the implications DRM has for competition in platform markets as well as in complementary aftermarkets. Finally, the article assesses recent efforts to standardize DRM technology, both by the private sector (in particular TCPA and Palladium), and by the legislature.

Owing to the proliferation of digitized media applications, such as e-Book, streaming videos, web images, shared music, etc., there is a growing need to protect the intellectual property rights of digital media and prevent illegal copying and falsification. This explains the strong demand for digital rights management (DRM), which is an access control technology that protects and enforces the rights associated with the use of digital content, such as multimedia data. The most important functions of DRM are to prevent unauthorized access and the creation of unauthorized copies of digital content, and moreover to provide a mechanism by which copies can be detected and traced (content tracking). Digital rights management is the most critical component of the intellectual property management and protection (IPMP) protocol widely promoted in the MPEG standards. Under the IPMP's scope, intellectual property (IP) is anything whose use owes the inventors or the owners some form of compensation. This could be a particular media application or it could be the technology used by the media. The management of IP involves storage and serving, appropriate authorization of use, and correct billing and tracking. The protection of IP prevents unauthorized use or misuse of the IP and can make legitimate use easy. According to [1], an effective DRM system should have the following four requirements. (1) The DRM system must package the content to be protected in a secure manner. (2) The DRM system must obtain the access conditions (license) specified by the owner of the protected content. (3) The DRM system must determine whether the access conditions have been fulfilled […]

One way to prevent and reduce the spread of the covid-19 pandemic is through physical distancing program. This research aims to develop a prototype contactless transaction system using digital payment mechanisms and QR code technology that will be applied in traditional markets. The method used in the development of electronic market systems is a prototype approach. The application of QR code and digital payments are used as a solution to minimize money exchange contacts that are common in traditional markets. The results showed that the system built was able to accelerate and facilitate the buying and selling transaction process in traditional market environment. Alpha testing shows that all functional systems are running well. Meanwhile, beta testing shows that the user can very well accept the system that was built. The results of the study also show acceptance of the usefulness of the system being built, as well as the optimism of its users to be able to take advantage of this system both technologically and functionally, so its can be a part of the digital transformation of the traditional market to the electronic market and has become one of the solutions in reducing the spread of the current covid-19 pandemic.

The digital content distribution businesses satisfy people's requirements for the rich and colorful digital content and also promote the user experience. These businesses also make an increasing profit for content makers, content providers and network carrier, and will be a critical position in the future business value chain. However, copyright piracy still doesn't solve very well and results in great loss for content providers. The digital content has the characteristics of easy copy and distribution, therefore, digital rights management has been the key technology to protect intellectual property of digital contents, control their dissemination and usage in digital content Web issue. First, synthetically analyze the disadvantages of typical digital rights management framework. Second, given a series of the problems in the modern system, digital rights management system based on smart card is proposed. Making use of the characteristic of smart card itself, the new framework will be mobile, secure and off-line. Following this, a set of digital management protocols are designed, including license acquisition protocol, usage, update protocol and authentication. The new system's framework, module structure, system design and realization are described. At last, the new system's characteristic is analyzed and is proved to be secure and efficiency.

QR codes are widely used for quick and efficient data transmission in various applications. However, their storage capacity is limited and not secured, which can be difficult to save large dataset and expose to the data leakage. To address this issue, researchers have explored various methods to extend the storage capacity without altering the QR code structure and have secured information inside. This research is to enhance the storage capacity of QR codes by combining steganography and compression techniques. Steganography allows for the concealment of additional data inside the QR code’s visual elements, while compression reduces the size of the data being encoded. In this study, we implement a two-step approach: first, data is embedded using steganographic techniques then it is compressed using advanced algorithms to minimize its size. By applying these methods, the overall storage efficiency is significantly increased without compromising the code’s scan ability. The principal results of the research demonstrate that the combined use of steganography and compression can increase QR code storage capacity by up to 20% and it is secured. Major conclusions indicate that this method can effectively extend the QR code applications in industries requiring the encoding of large datasets, such as banking and authorization function. This study presents a novel approach to overcoming QR code storage limitations, offering a practical solution for maximizing data storage and totally secured.

Sensory Gardens are considered non-formal learning environments, however, they are not used as a methodological alternative for teaching in Brazil. The installation of the QR Code in a Sensory Garden is innovative and the link to in a non-formal learning environment can attract and retain student’s attention. Our study tested the hypothesis that Public School students between the ages of 13 and 15 years old are not stimulated by subjects taught in the area of botany when exposed to non-formal learning environments. The study selected 23 students, divided into two teams, in which one obtained access to the Sensory Garden and the other team was restricted to the content addressed in the formal learning environment. ‘Diagnostic questionnaires’ were applied to assess botanical knowledge, before and after the activity, comparing results between teams. From the data obtained, it was possible to prove the effectiveness of the Sensory Garden in the student’s botanical learning process. Our results indicate that the use of QR Code technology contributed to students’ improvement and interest in botany, while arousing curiosity and enthusiasm to observe, in loco, the content previously covered in the classroom. In assessing botanical knowledge among participants, this study reported that students attending the Sensory Garden showed better performance compared to students who did not attend the Sensory Garden. Therefore, we reject the hypothesis tested and accept that the Sensory Garden using QR Code was relevant and contributed as a study tool for 13 to 15 years old students from Public High-schools.