QoS Optimization in Networks Through Swarm Intelligence Algorithm for Sustainable Big Data Management

Future mobile Ad hoc networks (MANETs) are expected to be based on all-IP architecture and be capable of carrying multitude real-time multimedia applications such as voice, video and data. It is very necessary for MANETs to have an optimal routing and quality of service (QoS) mechanism to support diverse applications. Providing multipath routing is beneficial to avoid traffic congestion and frequent breaks in communication due to mobility in MANETs. Differentiated Services (DiffServ) can be used to classify network traffic into different priority levels and apply priority scheduling and queuing management mechanisms to obtain QoS guarantees. Dynamically distributed traffic control can effectively take advantage of multiple routing paths to avoid congestion and decrease delay. In this paper, we propose an optimal QoS mechanism: Integrating Multipath routing, DiffServ and distributed Traffic control in mobile ad hoc networks (IMDT). Simulation results show that IMDT achieves better performance in terms of packet delivery ratio and average delay.KeywordsMobile NodePacket Delivery RatioRoute DiscoveryDynamic Source RouteBest EffortThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.

In recent years, the emerging technologies in the field of Networking, the wireless network, is the fastest growing and developing sector among all. And among those wireless networks, ad hoc network is attracting much attention toward Research developments and industrial developments for its most technological advances. Mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is such a type of wireless network that doesn’t depend on any pre-existing infrastructure such as routers or base station. Wi-Fi technology is used for point-to-point communication without passing through an access point in MANET. Ad hoc network is basically a temporary network connection created only for some particular purpose or in any emergency case such as for military service, rescue mission team, natural disasters like floods, earthquake, etc. Congestion in the network becomes one of the major drawbacks in this type of infra structureless network. Therefore, it is quite difficult to satisfy the quality of service (QoS) for such type of a networking environment. Parameters like throughput, bandwidth, delay, jitter, etc. that influence QoS make it a more grueling task for unicasting transmission in MANETs. In this context, Zone Routing Protocol (ZRP) is treated as one of the most reliable hybrid routing protocols which can solve the failure of both proactive and reactive routing protocols to meet a certain standard. In this paper, we have considered ZRP as our primary routing protocol and have tried to discuss different QoS parameters in order to resolve congestion in the network.

Wireless ad-hoc networks have many different characteristics from previous centralized networks. While the infrastructure based networks usually employ the simple routing protocol because every node can reach the coordinator in a single hop, some specific situations, i.e., unplanned dynamic links and multi hop environment, were required in ad-hoc networks. In mobile ad-hoc network, all nodes engaging in communication under the ad-hoc networks should be operated as a router. For this, two routing approaches are previously designed for ad-hoc networks; proactive and reactive routing, and they differently have pros and cons from each other. Moreover, to integrate their advantages in case by case, hybrid approach is consistently researched, and Zone Routing Protocol (ZRP) was motivating many recent hybrid protocols. In ZRP, a node uses proactive routing if it is located within the zone defined by the specific number of hops, but it uses reactive routing in otherwise case. However, ZRP always forms the proactive zone considering only the number of hops, regardless of whether real data communication occurred frequently or not. In this paper, we propose a new routing scheme called Traffic Aware Dynamic Zone Routing (TA-DZR) protocol which employs the zone method but forms customized zone using traffic load, by a new decision method named Dynamic Zone Decision (DZD). The DZD selects nodes that are good to use proactive routing based on the traffic load and forms the proactive zone with them. By considering traffic awareness, TA-DZR can decrease the number of transmissions and can reduce the total energy consumption. After the description of TA-DZR, the performance is demonstrated with simulation results which show that the number of transmissions decreases in overall network, and that the energy consumption is also reduced. Additionally, we validate that the end-to-end delivery delay is reduced and that the packet delivery ratio is improved. These enhancements are caused by reducing overall network congestion.

The development of 3G mobile networks is attended by revolutionary changes in the telecommunication and service technologies of mobile systems. There have been impressive rates of evolution from circuit switching (CS) to packet switching (PS) and IP protocols; from monoservice voice systems, operating on CS principles, to multiservice PS system for integrated transmission of fast data, voice, video etc. with differentiation and quality of service (QoS) control. The amount of traffic with access to broadband Internet services is rapidly increasing. The time principles of payment are substituted by accounts for data volume and quality of service. The new technologies require development of new methods of traffic theory, optimization and design. It is necessary to change from one-dimensional Erlang models for homogeneous traffic in point-to-point channels to develop the theory of the multi-dimensional distributed queues with priority service for integrated traffic in multi-point radio channels with multiple access. This article presents such new methods for the analysis of traffic, optimization and dynamic QoS control for 3rd generation mobile networks, taking GPRS systems as an example. The offered solutions are based on the development of a numerical method of balancing traffic intensities (see Markhasin, A.B., 2nd All-Union Confer. on Multiple Access Systems, pt1, p.146-52, 1999; Markhasin, A.B. and Kokoreva, E.V., Proc. VI Business-Forum Mobile Systems'01, vol.1, pp.175-81, 2001), and also on the development of our results concerning the analysis of traffic, optimization and dynamic QoS control in integrated packet satellite and radio ATM networks (see Markhasin, IEEE Int. Conf. on Communications, p.1914-18, 2001).

In the optimization areas, there are different algorithms that have been applied such as swarm intelligence algorithms. The researchers have found different algorithms by simulating the behaviors of various swarms of insects and animals such as fishes, bees, and ants. The intelligent water drops algorithm is one of the recently developed algorithms in the swarm intelligence field; this algorithm mimicked the dynamic of river systems. The natural water drops used to develop Intelligent Water Drop (IWD) algorithm. Therefore, the mechanisms that happen in rivers have inspired the researchers mainly to create new algorithms. IWD is a population-based algorithm where each drop represents a solution and the sharing between the drops during the search lead to a better drops (or solutions). This paper presents recent developments of the IWD algorithms in terms of theory and application. This paper concludes many of research directions that are necessary for the future of IWD algorithm.

The management of Quality of Service (QoS) in cyber-physical systems is a challenging problem due to dynamics of physical components. In this paper, we propose a QoS optimization algorithm cooperating with a feedback control framework, which provides configurability between high system profit and low computational overhead. The proposed algorithm maximizes the system value under the thermal constraint, guarantees task feasibility, and can be extended to any feedback controller. We present a real case study to demonstrate the practicability of the proposed methodology, and perform an extensive series of simulations for comparison using different workloads and management algorithms.

This chapter introduces basic needs of quality of Service (QoS) of RF ad hoc networks (mainly wireless), presents the main metrics of quality of service and the QoS effects on overall performance, and briefly discusses quality of service of wireless systems with respect to the upcoming new technologies like 3GPP LTE and the role of WLAN, while representing network QoS improvement and optimization tools and their successful applications in performance analysis. The chapter focuses on IEEE 802.11e, the main revision of the 802.11 for better QoS provisioning, as well as the coordination between planning and the performance of systems for better QoS. Additionally, it addresses the current and new trends of QoS stuff for different cellular networks and their impact on the QoS of ad-hoc networks. The chapter also explores new trends of QoS of emerging networks like the WiMAX and 4G and looks to the probable hybrid networks of the future and their QoS aspects.

A Comparative Study of ZRP and Energy Efficient ZRP (E-ZRP)

A Mobile Ad hoc NETwork (MANET) could establish a communication in network infrastructure-less places. In an ad hoc network, a basic IPv6 address auto-configuration mechanism has an address allocation problem. A number of address allocation mechanisms have been suggested. However, mobile node(MN)s have high mobility and random address. Therefore, they do not guarantee fixed and shared network prefix. To guarantee equality of network prefix among connected MNs, we propose a MANET identifier (MANET.ID). This scheme allows MNs to share the same MANET_ID using a creation & negotiation phase. By sharing an equal MANET_ID, we achieve a number of enhancements for existing ad hoc network technologies: Enhanced group communication, avoiding duplicate address detection storms, and enhanced zone routing protocol (ZRP).

Routing in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs) is critical. As such, there are many routing protocols that have been proposed over the years. Each routing protocol has weaknesses and strengths. Currently, much of research on routing protocols in MANETs concentrates on literature reviews, performance comparison and proposition of new protocols. However, there has been very little or no attempt to examine the possibility of combining several routing protocols for effective routing in MANET. By highlighting the characteristics, strengths and weaknesses of eight routing protocols selected from the Flat Routing, Hierarchical/hybrid Routing, and Geographical Position Assisted Routing protocols, this article attempts to establish whether different routing protocols in MANETs can be combined for effective routing. A hypothetical situation that uses a combined Zone Routing Protocol (ZRP) and Location-Aided Routing (LAR) for cluster networking is used for the sake of the proposition. This paper refers to such protocol as ZRP-LAR driven. According to the findings from the literature review on MANETs routing protocols, this study establishes that it is possible to combine more than one routing protocols in MANETs to achieve effectiveness in packets transmission.

An Optimized Genetic Stowed Biometric Approach to Potent QOS in MANET

The purpose of the work is to study the current problems and prospects of the solution for processing big data received or stored in the Internet (web data), as well as the possibility of practical realization of Data Mining technology for big web data on practical example. Materials and methods. The study included a review of bibliographic sources on big data analysis problems.Data Mining technology was used to analyze large web data, as well as computer modeling of a practical problem using the C # programming language and creating a DDL database structure for accumulating web data.Results. In the course of the work, the specifics of big data were described, the main characteristics of big data were highlighted, and modern approaches to processing big data were analyzed. A brief description of the horizontal-scalable architecture and the BI-solution architecture for big data processing is given. The problems of processing large web data are formulated: limiting the speed of access to data, providing access via network protocols through general-purpose networks.An example showing the approach to processing large web data was also implemented. Based on the idea of big data, the described complexities of web data processing and the methods of Data Mining, techniques were proposed for effectively solving the practical problem of processing and searching patterns in a large data array.The following classes have been developed in the C # programming language:Class of receiving web data via the Internet; Data conversion class;Intelligent data processing class;Created DDL script that creates a structure for the accumulation of web data.A single UML class diagram has been developed.The constructed system of data and classes allows to solve the main part of the problems of processing large web data and perform intelligent processing using Data Mining technology in order to solve the problem posed of identifying certain records in a large array. The combination of object-oriented approach, neural networks and BI-analysis to filter data will speed up the process of data processing and obtaining the result of the studyConclusion. According to the results of the study, it can be argued that the current state of technology for analyzing large web data allows you to efficiently process data objects, identify patterns, get hidden data and get full-fledged statistical data.The obtained results can be used both for the purpose of the initial study of big data processing technologies, and as a basis for developing an already real application for analyzing web data. The use of neural networks and the created universal classes-handlers makes the created architecture flexible and self-learning, and the class declarations and the base DDL structure will greatly simplify the development of program code.

<p>Quality of service (QoS) is essential for carrying out data transmission using resource-constrained sensor nodes in wireless sensor network (WSN). The introduction of mobile agent-based data aggregation is reported to offer energy efficiency; however, it has limitations, especially using a single mobile agent, where QoS optimization is not feasible. A review of existing studies showcases some dedicated attempts to use a mobile agent-based approach and address QoS enhancements. However, they were never combined studied. Therefore, this paper introduces a unique concept of retaining maximum QoS performance during data aggregation using a single mobile agent. The model introduces a unique communication framework, transmission provisioning using exceptional routine management, and simplified energy modeling. The proposed model has aimed for a lower delay and faster data aggregation speed with lower consumption of transmittance energy. The implementation and assessment of the model are carried out considering the challenging environment of WSN with multiple scales of data priority. The proposed model also contributes to evolving out with simplified communication vectors in a highly decentralized method. MATLAB's simulation outcome shows that the proposed system offers better delay performance, optimal energy management, and faster response time than existing schemes.</p>

This study aims to examine the service quality factors that influence patient loyalty in Indonesian hospitals. Service quality is a crucial aspect in maintaining and enhancing patient trust and loyalty. This literature review identifies five key dimensions of service quality: reliability, responsiveness, assurance, empathy, and tangibles. Each dimension plays a significant role in shaping patient loyalty, through consistent service delivery, quick responses, medical staff competence, personal attention, and the quality of physical facilities. Several studies indicate that patient satisfaction also acts as a mediator between service quality and loyalty, good service increases satisfaction, ultimately affecting patient loyalty. Amid the intense competition in healthcare services in Indonesia, optimal service quality is a key factor in patient retention. Therefore, hospital management must focus on each service quality dimension to create a satisfying patient experience. The findings of this review are expected to guide hospitals in developing effective strategies for improving service quality to retain and increase patient loyalty.

Now a day's use of wireless communication is very common and growing faster. There are different types of wireless networks which are designed as per the requirement of data rate and coverage. In this paper scope is limited to widely study and used network called Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET). MANET is collection of wireless devices which communicate among each other without need of any physical infrastructure as well as centralize administrations. Each mobile node in MANET acts as peer node. The communication is MANET is based on routing methods and hence since from last 2 decade there are number of routing methods designed with objective of improving the Quality of Service (QoS) performance of MANET. As the mobile nodes in MANET are moving randomly with varying mobility speed, this can leads the challenging tasks to achieve the guaranteed QoS performance. Therefore it is required to have efficient routing protocol with load balancing and dynamic behaviour of mobile nodes handling in MANET. In this paper, our goal first is to present the study on different QoS aware routing methods and non-routing methods designed by various research groups for MANET. Second objective is to design novel QoS Aware routing protocol for improving the QoS performance in MANET. Additionally, we are presenting the current research gap based on analysis of all recent methods of QoS improvement. The outcome of this paper is the current research problems and efficient QAODV routing method.