Quantification of human confidence in functional relations

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the Predict, Observe, Explain (POE) learning model in mathematics learning for VII grade students of SMP Negeri Selangit. This research is in the form of quasi-experimental. The population is all grade VII students of SMP Negeri Selangit in the academic year 2019/2020, totaling 98 students and as a sample are class VII.3 students, amounting to 24 students. Data collection is done by test and non-test techniques. The collected data were analyzed using t-test at a significant level α = 0.05. Based on the results of the study showed the effectiveness of the Predict, Observe, Explain (POE) learning model in mathematics learning with an average score of 74.44 with the percentage of students completing 79.17% of students' responses to learning in the good category with a percentage of 72.44 %, and student learning activities in the quite active category with a percentage of 28.45%.

Purpose of this study is to: to find out the objective conditions of local superiority in mathematics learning in elementary schools in Central Aceh Regency, to design mathematical learning models based on local superiority of class I students, and to find out student responses to local excellence based mathematics learning models in Central Aceh Regency. The subjects of this study were all 4th grade students of elementary school in Bebesen Central Aceh District. And the samples are SD 1 Bebesen, SDN 2 Bebesen, SDN 5 Bebesen, SDN 8 Bebesen, SDN 9 Bebesen, SD 10 Bebesen, SDN 10 Bebesen, SDN 11 Bebesen, SDN 12 Bebesen, SDN 14 Bebesen, SDN 16 Bebesen, SDN 16 Bebesen, SDN 17 Bebesen, SDN 17 Bebesen, SD IT Scholar. The research results were obtained that: (1) the objective conditions of mathematics learning of elementary students in Central Aceh Regency as follows. a) In the learning process the teacher has not linked mathematics with the local character and potential of the area. b) The mathematics handbook used today has not linked students' personal character. (2) During the learning process of mathematics based on local excellence and the potential character of antusius elementary school students to learn mathematics, the steps of the local superiority-based learning model are (a) the teacher conditions the class, starts with prayer by preparing facilities and infrastructure, doing Apperception of the local potential of central Aceh district b) Presenting contextual problems, Explicitly negotiating, Cooperative intervention, guiding students in groups to discuss contextual issues contained in the LAS. Give students the opportunity to present their model findings through class discussions. c) Guiding students to formulate the results of the discussion while making a summary of the material discussed, Providing material evaluations through giving quizzes or home assignments. The design of elementary school mathematics learning based on locally designed excellence received a good response from all students. 83.74% of students gave a positive response to the local excellence-based learning model. From these results it is expected that the mathematics learning model in the class must be tailored to the needs of students so that the objectives of the learning process can be achieved maximally.

<p>This research study in the form of literature and aims to look atcreative thinking <br />skills of students through learning mathematical model of Missouri Mathematics <br />Project(MMP). In studying mathematics, think are of central importance. athrequires that every student has the ability to understand the formula, calculate, analyze, categorize objects, making props, create mathematical models, and others. These activities not only require regular thinking activities (convergent), but it takes the ability to think high (divergent). In fact many schools with the ability to thinkis still fairly low. Creative thinking skills can be defined mathematically as theability to solve mathematical problems with more than ones ettlement and students thinks mooth, supple, elaborating, and have originality in the answer. Creative thinking can be beneficial to train mathematical divergent thinking skills in mathematics. There fore, it is necessary to realize the selection of appropriate learning models and effective. One of mathematical learning model that can be used to train and improve students' ability to think creatively is mathematical learning model Missouri Mathematics Project (MMP). <br /> <br />Keywords : mathematical creative thinking ability, learning models missouri <br />mathematics project (MMP).</p>

This study investigates the implementation of the Read, Answer, Discuss, Explain, and Create (RADEC) learning model in Grade IV Mathematics instruction and identifies the supporting and inhibiting factors influencing its application. The research is motivated by the low levels of student participation and critical thinking in Mathematics learning, which remains heavily reliant on lecture-based methods. The RADEC model was selected for its emphasis on active, collaborative learning and its alignment with 21st-century skill development. Employing a descriptive qualitative approach, data were collected through classroom observations, interviews with teachers and students, and documentation of learning activities. The implementation process follows five core stages: reading, answering, group discussion, explanation, and creative tasks. Key supporting factors include well-prepared teaching materials, teacher competence, student readiness, increased student engagement, and enhanced self-confidence. In contrast, inhibiting factors comprise limited instructional time, student difficulties during discussions, and challenges in understanding mathematical symbols. Additionally, some students perceived the model as overly serious and time-consuming. The study concludes that while the RADEC model positively influences student engagement and learning outcomes, its success depends on effective time management and adaptive teaching strategies that address students’ cognitive and emotional needs.

Learning mathematics at SMPLB is similar to normal schools in general. The difference is only in the substance of the material and the way the teacher teaches the material in class, where the interaction is carried out using sign language, hand gestures, and emphasis on lip movements which is called total communication. This study analyzed the effectiveness of implementing the discovery learning model in learning mathematics in deaf special schools (SLB). This research is included in the type of evaluation study research. The sample of this study was a mathematics teacher and deaf SMPLB students in grades seven and eight who were taken using a cluster random sampling technique. The number of teachers involved is 3, and the number of students is 18—data collection methods used in questionnaires, interviews, and documentation. The data analysis technique used is quantitative descriptive using the Z-score formula. The results showed that implementing the discovery learning model in learning mathematics in SMPLB for deaf students was classified as less effective. The context variable had a positive score, the input score was negative, the process variable had a negative score, and the product variable had a negative score. The teacher is classified as effective, the context is positive, the input is positive, the process is negative, and the product is positive. The study findings showed that there were as many Z scores with positive signs as negative ones, so the results were equal to zero. Then a positive score was given because Z was closer to the positive score. It happened because the number of research samples was even. Evaluation of implementing the discovery learning model in learning mathematics during a pandemic at SMPLB B for teachers showed that the results were classified as effective.

This research aims to know the effect of Inquiry learning mode toward students’ mathematic achievement, the effect of students’ cognitive style toward students’ mathematic achievement the interaction effect between learning mode and students’ cognitive style toward students’ mathematic achievement at student grade VIII (Eight) SMP Negeri 6 Kerinci discrit academic year 2015/2016. The resarch conducted by using quasy experimental design research method follows nonequivalent control group design version by implementing factorial design 2 × 2. The population of the research are students of SMP Negeri 6 Kerinci discrit grade VIII odd term academic year 2015/2016. The study sample consisted of two class of experimental and one control class. Data is collected using two kinds of instruments namely instruments Group Embedded Figures Test (GEFT) to measure students' cognitive styles and mathematics achievement test students in essay form. Statistical test used is using ANOVA two paths to see the effect of the learning model and the effect of cognitive style on achievement as well as the interaction between the mathematical model of learning and cognitive styles of students towards mathematics student achievement. Further trials using t-test to see differences in student achievement based on students' cognitive styles. Result data analysis and statistical testing show that inquiry learning mode take effect toward Mathematic achievement, students’ cognitive style take effect toward Mathematic achievement, There is no interaction between learning mode and students’ cognitive style toward students’ Mathematic. Based on the results of this study it is suggested to the teachers, particularly the mathematics teacher that the implementation of the inquiry learning model can be developed as an innovation in teaching and learning process.

The population in Latvia is aging. Independence in performing activities of daily living (ADL) is a core aspect of functioning, and the elderly frequently experience limitations in functioning. Little is known about the utilization of healthcare of elderly Latvians with functional difficulties. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between functional difficulties and utilization of healthcare among the elderly in Latvia. This study had three overall objectives: (i) to investigate the determinants of utilization of health care for elderly Latvians with functional difficulties; (ii) examine the relationship between predisposing characteristics, enabling resources, and need with specific measures of access to care using the Behavioral Model for Vulnerable Populations and to (iii) identify the nature and existence of health disparities among the elderly in Latvia, with and without functional difficulties. Data from the 2017 Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) survey, with a sample size of 1479 was utilized. There was a statistically significant difference in the utilization of healthcare between individuals with and without functional disabilities (F(4,1) =759.615, p < 0.01), with a higher utilization of healthcare among individuals with functional difficulties (p< .01). The results of Automatic Linear Modeling indicate that significant (p < 0.05) factors in predicting utilization of healthcare include factors such as age, public sickness benefit and disability pension, and overall health status. This study is significant because it fills critical gaps in knowledge that exist with respect to healthcare utilization for elderly Latvians with functional disabilities.Key messages• This study contributes to our understanding of healthcare utilization of aging Latvians.• This study provides insight into the functional limitations of the aging Latvian population.

The purpose of this study was to see the effectiveness of students' learning motivation on learning outcomes using the reciprocal teaching-learning model. The method used in this research is quantitative. In this study, the instruments used are questionnaires and tests, where the independent and dependent variables will use a questionnaire, and learning outcomes will be measured using tests. At the same time, the test is used to determine whether there is a difference in scores before and after using the mathematical learning model and to determine students' learning outcomes. Based on the objectives of the research and discussion that have been adjusted in previous chapters regarding the effectiveness of the application of the reciprocal teaching-learning model on the learning motivation of students in class VIII in one of the MTs in Tegal, the following conclusions are obtained: student motivation in learning by using the model reciprocal teaching-learning on students' learning motivation. The students' motivation to learn mathematics in class VIII C received an average score of 74.84% for all indicators in the good category. On the learning outcomes of students in the experimental class, namely class VIII C, which at the time of learning using the reciprocal teaching-learning model, the average value of the class was 82.22. While in the control class, namely class VIII D, which uses conventional methods at the time of learning, the average score is 69.13. This shows that using reciprocal teaching-learning models can motivate students to learn and ultimately lead to improved learning outcomes.

One of challenge in Learning Mathematics that is performance Study student part big Still classified as low .Research Objectives This For know How influence from the Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) learning model in increase performance Study mathematics student class IV SDN 1 Kadipiro .The research used experiment with approach quantitative , population from study This consists of from all over student class IV SDN 1 Kadipiro .Number population Class IV of SDN 1 Kadipiro consisting of from IV A As class experiment totaling 28 students and class IV B as control class with total 26 students .So the total number sample used in study This totaling 54 people.The results of the study show that class experiments using the CTL learning model produce mark or more achievements Good than control class .Based on the results of the T-Test test were obtained mark asymp sig. of 0.000, which indicates that variable independent own significant influence to dependent variable .Therefore that , based on condition taking decision , can withdrawn conclusion that learning model contextual own significant influence to dependent variable .

This study aims to determine the effect of the Everyday Mathematics (EM) Learning Model on Students' Critical and Creative Thinking Ability. This type of research uses the Quasi Experiment method. Data collection is done through tests. Data analysis used the Ancova test. The sample of this research is students of SMPN 01 Lebong class VII.4 and VII.6. The results showed that: There is a linear influence of initial ability covariates on students' critical thinking skills with an effect of 62.6%. There is a linear influence of initial ability covariates on students' creative thinking abilities with an effect of 22.7%. There is an effect of applying the Everyday Mathematics learning model to students' critical thinking skills with an effect of 82.9%. There is an effect of applying the Everyday Mathematics learning model to students' creative thinking abilities with an effect of 6.5%. the achievement of critical thinking skills taught through learning using the Everyday Mathematics learning model is better than that taught through conventional learning. the achievement of creative thinking skills taught through learning using the Everyday Mathematics learning model is better than that taught through conventional learning

We find that contextual sensitivity correlates with the reproducibility of 100 psychology studies from the Reproducibility Project (1). This relationship remains after adjusting for several methodological factors believed to account for reproducibility (e.g., sample size, effect size) and does not differ across subdisciplines (social vs. cognitive psychology). We also report a strong relationship between subdiscipline and context (1): social psychology studies are more likely to examine contextually sensitive topics than cognitive psychology studies. We conclude that context might play a role in reproducibility across (rather than within) subdisciplines. Inbar (2) notes that the reproducibility rate of social psychology (28%) is lower than cognitive psychology (53%). He also … [↵][1]1To whom correspondence should be addressed. Email: jay.vanbavel{at}nyu.edu. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1

Contextual Sensitivity Helps Explain the Reproducibility Gap between Social and Cognitive Psychology

This study investigated the effects of sample size on the noise floor and distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) in 55 normal-hearing subjects as a function of intensity. More specifically, we investigated the effects of sample size (12-400 sweeps) as a function of intensity (L1 = L2 = 35, 45 and 55 dB SPL), firstly, on the identifiability of DPOAEs (2F1-F2), secondly, on the noise floor adjacent to DPOAEs, and thirdly, on the magnitude of DPOAEs centred around geometric means of 531 Hz, 1,000 Hz, 2,000 Hz and 4,000 Hz. Testing was conducted with a commercially available system for measuring DPOAEs (Grason-Stadler, GSI-60). A constant F2:F1 ratio of 1.21 was used. As sample size increased from 12 to 400 sweeps, the noise floors decreased by about 13 dB; this closely corresponds to the expected 15 dB reduction based on the square root rule of noise reduction. The highest noise floors were measured at 531 Hz and the lowest noise floors at 2,000 Hz and 4,000 Hz. Identifiability increased as intensity increased from 35 to 55 dB SPL and as sample size increased from 12 to 400 sweeps for all stimulus conditions. Mean DPOAEs for all frequencies (531-4,000 Hz) appeared to decrease as sample size increased, particularly at stimulus levels of 35 dB and 45 dB SPL. These results may be explained by a reduction in the noise levels within the bandwidth of the DPOAE bin. That is, the DPOAE bin is comprised of the DPOAE plus background noise and these two quantities are not separated within the measured bin. Because the magnitude of bin containing DPOAEs is critically dependent on sample size, clinicians should carefully document this variable when collecting normative data. Similarly, clinicians who compare the magnitude of their DPOAEs to published data should note the sample size employed.

&lt;p style="text-align:justify"&gt;The objective of this research is to analyze the twelfth graders' mathematics critical thinking skills using a mathematics learning model to stimulate fundamental critical thinking abilities of science courses in SMA Negeri, Pacitan Regency, East Java Province, Indonesia. This quasi-experimental research design was used in this study with one group posttest only design using multiple substantive posttests. The sample of 141 students from the total population of six public schools involving the twelfth graders of the natural sciences was selected through purposive sampling technique, data were taken through tests of students' critical thinking skills and interviews. The data analysis consists of five stages, namely an analysis of one sample t-test, an analysis of students' grades, an analysis of problem-solving stages, an analysis of critical thinking abilities indicators, and an analysis of mathematics critical thinking abilities indicators. The results showed (1) The results of the one sample t-test show that the mathematics learning model is effective to stimulate critical thinking, which means that the application of the mathematics learning model is effective to stimulate critical thinking; (2) the overall grades of students that met the minimum mastery criteria; (3) the data analysis of eleven problem-solving stages proves that the criteria for critical thinking abilities are categorized as good and very good. The highest score indicator considers the principle and definition of transformation, while the lowest grade indicator is mainly concerned with the questions on right and coherent steps; (4) the critical thinking skills have seven indicators that highlight the criteria of students' critical thinking abilities categorized as good and very good. The indicators that get the highest score determine the definitions of terms, while the indicators of the lowest score determine the action; (5) the results of the analysis show indicators of mathematics critical thinking skills that have eight indicators. The criteria of students' critical thinking abilities met good and very good categories along with indicators with the highest value score by considering the definitions of terms, while the indicators of the lowest score deal with the habit of caution.&lt;/p&gt;

Introduction: Blacksmith is one of the small industries growing in the village of Gubug, Tabanan Regency. These blacksmith craftsmen have been in the job for quite a long time and passed down from generation to generation from their ancestors. They do work as the responsibility of their ancestors. One of the processes in making household tools is small knives, large knives, sickles, and machetes; they are faced with a tool in the form of a grinder. In this process, the worker holding a grinder weighing 1.7 kg vibrates, makes a noise, and sits as is. Working in a noisy environment, being exposed to vibration for a long time is an additional burden that will cause hearing loss complaints and diseases such as Raynaud's Syndrome, Tenosynovitis, and Carpal Tunnel Syndrome. This study aimed to determine the effect of using an ergonomic sitting grinding wheel to reduce noise levels and musculoskeletal complaints in Pande Besi in Gubug Tabanan Village. Methods: This research is an experimental study with treatment by subject design. The population is the small industry workers of Pande Besi in Gubug Village, Tabanan Regency, with as many as 40 people from 10 small industries. The sample is determined based on small industry groups by simple random sampling or simple random sampling with a table of random numbers. The sample size was determined based on the score of musculoskeletal complaints so that the number of small industrial groups was 3.94, rounded up to 4 groups. Each small industry group consists of four people, so the sample size is 16 people. Results: The mean age of the subjects was 49.112±12.15 years, body weight 66.68±6.64 kg, height 162.31±6.78 cm, and body mass index of subjects 25.29±1.71 kg/m2. Statistical analysis showed that there was a significant difference. The average ambient temperature, namely wet temperature, dry temperature, and air humidity, showed no significant difference, noise showed a significant difference, and there was a decrease in the noise of 30.54% before and after using the seat grinder. There was a decrease in complaints of 13.23% after improving the working attitude of the blacksmith. Conclusion: There was a significant decrease between noise levels and musculoskeletal complaints before and after using a seated grinder (p0.05).Keywords: Noise Levels, Musculoskeletal Complaints