Rancang Bangun M2M (Machine-to-Machine) Communication Berbasis 6LoWPAN

The Internet of Things spreads rapidly in the modern society. The main reasons for this phenomenon are an opportunity to get the Internet access from every mobile telephone and the rapid development of electronics. But the current key problem is the absence of low-cost and low-power radiofrequency modules with small dimensions being applied for the Internet of Things. The paper compares the possibility of building such modules based on ZigBee and 6LoWPAN protocols. The author examines their major characteristics such as frequency range and transmission speed, the structure of ZigBee and 6LoWPAN networks and their programmability. The main attention is paid to the development of a new low-cost and low-power radiofrequency module based on 6LoWPAN protocol, the research of its technical characteristics and its comparison with a ZigBee analog. It is also paid attention to the applications of the hardware description language Verilog in different spheres and possibilities to use it in this module. The author concludes that this module is better than the one based on ZigBee protocol and describe some of its future applications.

Technical reports indicate that wireless and mobile devices will account for 71% of all IP traffic by 2022, an increase of 19% over four years. This increase is related to advances in wireless data communication technologies. Wireless networks have become one of the most important ways to connect devices to the Internet, therein improving productivity and encouraging information sharing. IEEE 802.11, known as Wi-Fi, has become the main standard for wireless local area networks. The most important metrics for measuring the quality of Wi-Fi are delay, jitter, and packet loss. Packet loss occurs when one or more packets fail to reach their destination and can occur for a variety of reasons. Packet loss influences the user's perceived quality of applications over Wi-Fi networks, mainly multimedia and real-time applications. The availability of accurate models for packet loss in Wi-Fi networks enables the development of more efficient methods for performance analysis and network design, as well as better computational simulations. Modeling packet loss in such networks presents a major challenge because packets may be lost for many different reasons, including signal attenuation, noise, multipathing, signal refraction, thermal noise, competition for media access and buffer issues. In this paper, we provide an overview of the causes of packet loss and a comprehensive survey of the available models for packet loss in Wi-Fi networks. The potential benefits of the survey are: (i) the systematic presentation of available packet loss models for Wi-Fi networks, their parameters, and respective packet loss rate evaluation, (ii) comparison of models considering validation scenarios and input parameters, and (iii) description of open issues and future research directions. We hope that our analysis will help researchers understand the most important characteristics of the packet loss process in Wi-Fi networks and the strengths and weaknesses of the main packet loss models.

It is undeniable that wireless communication technology is developing very rapidly, especially in an emergency. For example in the laboratory. The laboratory is a place to carry out practical or research activities that are supported by complete laboratory equipment and infrastructure. Therefore, it is not impossible that the complete laboratory equipment becomes an excuse for people with the aim of committing crimes. The most frequent crime in the laboratory is theft, the thieves usually take advantage of the moment when the laboratory personnel are not in the room and they can take valuables in the room without being noticed by the officers freely. Therefore our goal in this research is to improve security for laboratories with wireless communication technology methods. This technology uses a communication system named Lora equipped with ALOHA protocol based on Android to be able to monitor remotely. The test was carried out at a height of 80 cm and this study resulted in the largest RSSI value of -130 dB at a maximum distance of 600 m with a delay of 29 seconds. Packet loss is affected by distance, so packet loss or data loss will be higher at longer distances.

The wireless optical communication is a kind of broadband access technology, it can be said that it properly combined with the optical fiber and wireless communication technology. More to say, it is a powerful supplement of modern optical fiber communication. In this paper, based on the advantages of wireless optical communication technology, this paper introduces the wireless optical communication technology in the application of 2G network, 3G network and extends the application in backbone network, and analyzes the common problems and solutions in the wireless optical communication. With the advance of technology, the wireless optical communications technology development prospects will be more and more broad, is worthy of popularization and application.

The interconnection of all things and industrial integration is the current trend of the times. Among them, the interconnection of all things is the demand of informationization of the times, and the industrial integration is the demand of industrial development. The interconnection of all things is realized based on wireless communication technology. It is necessary to combine the development of the tourist area and the surrounding culture. The relationship between tourist attractions and culture needs to be fully and effectively developed. In order to fully explore the advantages of the cooperation between the two, it is necessary to combine modern technology to package the tour process of each characteristic culture of the scenic spot. Virtual reality is a modern technology that can combine culture and tourism. Wireless communication and VR technology are applied to the development of integration of culture and tourism. The process of tourism will promote profound changes in the tourism model. Under the demand for informatization in various industries, the tourism industry is gradually developing in this direction. The integration of culture and tourism will also be driven by informatization and technology. This paper analyzes the current situation of culture and tourism, summarizes the problems existing in the current process of integration of culture and tourism, and finally puts forward targeted solutions. Mainly in the process of the integration and development of tourism and cultural industries, the traditional culture and scenic spots are the basic factors, combined with wireless communication and virtual reality technology, to develop a tourism industry with technological characteristics of the new era.

Pressure is an important object monitored in the modern industrial production safety. Aiming at the present situation of pressure monitored, combined with wireless communication technology, this paper puts forward a scheme which monitored the pressure by wireless technology based on Zigbee protocol. The scheme puts the cylinder pressure as a controlled object, selects Zigbee protocol chip CC2530 as the main control device, to achieve control of the pressure regulating valve based on PID algorithm, and realized the pressure control. Through the simulation and experiment it shows that the scheme can realize the wireless remote control of cylinder pressure, and meet the intelligent demand of control system.

The fifth generation (5G) wireless systems have been begun to be widely deployed over the world in recent years. As the 5G technology will not be able to meet the demands of the huge data traffic growth from massively interconnected devices that is forecasted for future years, the attention of the research community is shifting toward what will be the next innovations in wireless communication architectures and technologies for beyond 5G. The topic of beyond 5G wireless communication technologies has gained much momentum in the industry and the research community very recently. In this issue of IEEE Wireless Communications, we are pleased to present two Special Issues to bring together researchers, industry practitioners, and individuals working on the related areas to address some of these technical challenges for 5G and beyond wireless communication technologies. The Special Issue on “6G: The Paradigm for Future Wireless Communications” includes a collection of nine articles presented by Guest Editors S. Mumtaz, C. Jiang, A. Tölli, A. Al-Dulaimi, M. Butt, H. M. Asif, and I. Ashraf; the other Special Issue, on “Smart, Optimal, and Explainable Orchestration of Network Slices in 5G and Beyond Networks,” includes a collection of five articles presented by Guest Editors Z. M. Fadlullah, M. M. Fouda, K. Rabie, and R. Li. Thanks to the two Guest Editor teams who did an excellent job in editing these two Special Issues for our readers. Please stay tuned for new developments in the research area of beyond 5G wireless communication technologies, and read the editorials and the articles in the Special Issues.

Remote control networks have become a key area of research within wireless communication technology. Zigbee technology fills the gap in the market for low-cost, low-power wireless solutions. This paper presents the design and application of a wireless sensor network web server based on the S3C2410 microcontroller and the Zigbee protocol. The server enables real-time monitoring and control of remote objects. Using a B/S architecture and modular design approach, both hardware and software components are detailed, with an emphasis on key implementation techniques. The system has been demonstrated to operate stably with excellent scalability, making it suitable for applications in smart homes, monitoring systems, industrial control, and other domains.

Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) have been attracting increasing interest for supporting a new generation of ubiquitous computing systems with great potential for many applications. However, the communication paradigms in WSNs differ from the ones associated to traditional wireless networks, triggering the need for efficient wireless communication technology. Several wireless technologies have emerged ranging from short and medium distance. Bluetooth, ZigBee and Impulse Radio Ultra Wide Band (IR-UWB) are three popular short range wireless communications. Due to its various features and advantages (especially low power consumption and low complexity), IR-UWB is a very promising wireless communication technology for WSN. In this paper, we evaluate the main features and advantages of this new technology (IR-UWB) for WSN in terms of transmission time, data coding and power consumption compared to Bluetooth and ZigBee. To analyze and evaluate the main features and advantages of IR-UWB as an efficient short range wireless communication technology for WSN, we used MiXiM platform under OMNet++ simulator.

A modular reconfigurable robot system - Xmobot consists of a set of homogenous modules. Xmobot modules have flexible locomotion and transformation capability. Multiple modules can be assembled into diverse configurations. The module state matrix and role-based configuration matrix are presented and constructed for representing the module state and configuration. The method of configuration self-identification is implemented through RFID and ZigBee technologies. The RFID labels are used to mark the modules, joints, and docking interfaces. A test bed is built for testing the effective region of the RFID readers. The RFID readers can detect the label within the distance of 5mm and deviation of ±9mm. The internal and external communications of Xmobot modules are based on ZigBee protocol. The performance of ZigBee communication protocol is also evaluated. The impacts of different transmission interval, network depth, and multiple node transmission are figured out in this paper.

Internet of Things (IoT) extends the connectivity of internet connected devices like laptops, smartphones with internet-enabled embedded devices using wireless communication technology and sensing devices to interact with the external world. IoT based devices mainly use wireless technology like WiFi, Zigbee, Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) for communication. Due to the large number of IoT devices and limited spectrum in the Radio Frequency band the system suffers from bandwidth crunch. Hence, the high bandwidth capacity of visible light provides the solution to the spectral crisis. So, the visible light based new wireless technology opens up a new domain of integrated communication system with sensors using lights. The LED beams transmit information from the transmitter's side to the photo-detector on the receiver's side. But, the photo-detector is affected by fluctuations in the brightness of ambient light and also by the variations in the distance between transmitter and receiver.

Nowadays, a hybrid of communication technologies including a variety of wired and wireless technologies have been used in smart grid. Each wireless communication technology has its advantages and disadvantages. Short-range links, high power consumption, high cost, or a mesh topology are the main characters for wireless technologies. Due to wireless connection problems in mesh topology and a large amount of infrastructure required to build a reliable network, the costs of deployment for smart grid are still amazing. Recently, a new wireless technology Low-Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) has challenged typical wireless connection. It is characterized by low-cost and long-range transmission technologies, and enables power efficient communication over very long distances using a simple topology. In this paper, we introduce the new wireless technology to implement the applications in smart grid, and discuss its advantages and the potential opportunities and challenges that can bring to smart grid.

In this paper, the effects of time delay and packet loss incurred in communication channel, are examined on the performance of bilaterally controlled hydraulic actuators under various control schemes. The controllers are force reflection (FR), position error (PE), combined force reflection and position error (FP), and four channels (FC). The performance of each control scheme is evaluated by performing a set of experiments on a test rig comprising haptic device, simulated valve-controlled hydraulic actuator, and communication channel. The performances are then compared using three criteria: position tracking, force tracking, and fidelity of the perceived stiffness. The experiments are performed under time delays ranging from 100 to 1,000 ms and percentage of packet losses up to 75%. It is shown that packet loss affects the signal oscillations, while time delay increases the steady-state tracking error. The FP controller shows the best performance with the least tracking error and signal oscillation in both position and force tracking. The FC scheme is shown to be least effective due to large tracking oscillations in the presence of packet loss and/or time delay. The value of stiffness perceived by the operator is found to decline with increasing time delays or packet losses in all controllers.

Wireless Communication Technologies: New Multimedia Systems is based on a selection of the best papers presented at the recent International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC '99). All of the papers have been extended into full chapters, critiqued, and edited into a unified and structured book. Contributions to this volume are by the leading specialist from their respective fields. The topics represent the newest ideas and research involving wireless multimedia systems and wireless technologies. Part I focuses on key developments and technologies and includes coverage of wireless channel modeling, space-time coding, coding for wireless networks, OFDM, software radio, and spatial and temporal communication theory. Chapters in Part II address many of the new wireless systems currently being standardized; such as, intelligent transport systems, wireless internet, digital TV broadcasting, and IMT-2000. Insights into many of the hot and rapidly developing research topics, such as bluetooth, Mobile IP, GPRS, and others, are discussed. Each chapter includes basic concepts and technical trends in addition to providing extensive technical coverage. Researchers and engineers of wireless communication systems will benefit from insights and results reported in Wireless Communication Technologies: New Multimedia Systems. This work may also be suitable for graduate level courses on Wireless Communication Systems, Cellular Communication Systems, and Mobile Communications.

Different wireless communication technologies, such as wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi), 4G cellular technologies and worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX) have been used as alternatives or supplement to wired communication in intelligent transportation systems (ITS). Widespread deployment of wireless technologies in ITS require a comprehensive understanding of their performance, limitations and advantages in different field conditions. The authors evaluated performance of Wi-Fi wireless communication between adjacent roadside ITS devices (i.e., nodes) in different field conditions with varying characteristics of Wi-Fi technology. Field tests revealed that modulation rates, transmission power, line of sight, distance between nodes play critical roles in the performance of Wi-Fi communication in different roadway conditions. To achieve a desired level of performance requirements between adjacent nodes, minimum network performance thresholds must be realized in the field. Transportation agencies can identify the achievable performance, such as saturated throughput, delivery ratio and received signal strength at a particular location, by following the field test procedure developed in this research. The evaluation strategies and results presented in this study will contribute to the future planning and design of Wi-Fi communication for a roadway wireless sensor or device network considering corresponding communication performance requirements for specific ITS applications.