Rectangular Microstrip Antenna with Slot Embedded Geometry

In this paper, metamaterial superstrate is proposed to enhance the performance parameters of conventional rectangular microstrip patch antenna. The metamaterial is designed using proposed diagonally connected square split ring resonator (DC SSRR). The designed DCS SRR shows the negative values of refractive index for broadband frequency band, 5.0 GHz to 12 GHz. Use of metamaterial superstrate on conventional rectangular microstrip antenna improves the return loss by 18 dB and enhances the gain, bandwidth and radiation efficiency by 1.2 dBi, 28 MHz and 17.5% respectively. The permittivity, permeability and refractive index of metamaterial are numerically computed using MATLAB. All performance parameters of antenna and S-parameters of DC SSRR are obtained using commercially available full wave electromagnetic simulator HFSS based on finite element method and verified by measured results. Good agreement is found between simulated and measured results.

Defected ground structure (DGS)-integrated arc-cornered rectangular microstrip antenna (RMA) has been investigated to achieve broadband along with high co-polarized to cross-polarized radiation (CP–XP) isolation over principal as well as over skew planes without affecting the dominant mode co-polarized (CP) radiation pattern. The present arc-cornered RMA on circular and rectangular dot-type DGS is thoroughly studied and compared with the conventional rectangular microstrip antenna. In the present paper, a crucial emphasis is given to improve CP–XP isolation in all the skew planes and by employing circular dot-type DGS around 20 dB CP–XP isolation is achieved over whole skew planes as well as in the H-plane with the proposed structure with 20% impedance bandwidth. On the contrary, the CP–XP isolation and impedance bandwidth vary in opposite manner in case of the rectangular dot-type DGS. Around 25 and 10 dB CP–XP isolation with 9 and 22% impedance bandwidth have been obtained with thin and thick rectangular dot-type DGS, respectively. The corners of the patch surface are rounded in such a way to reduce spurious radiations from the sharp corners, which are generally attributed for high XP radiation along the diagonal directions.

In this paper, a method of designing antennas by avoiding crossing between the modes is presented. This is aimed at enhancing antenna bandwidth using ground fragmentation techniques based on the characteristic modes analysis (CMA) approach. A compact and flexible Saxophone antenna and a conventional rectangular microstrip antenna both dimensioned at 30×30 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> (0.66λg × 0.66λg) are designed to operate at 5.8 GHz to validate the proposed method. The proposed saxophone structure with a full ground enhances the bandwidth up to 170 MHz (2.97%) relative to the conventional antenna. This is then improved up to 890 MHz (14.67%) and 794 MHz (13.58%) when integrated with a fragmented and a partial ground plane, respectively. In comparison, the conventional antenna exhibited a bandwidth of 360 MHz (6.38%) and 410 MHz (7.25%) for these cases. Modeling is performed using FEKO software based on two approaches: the method of moments (MoM) and CMA. Results show a satisfactory agreement of the predicted resonant frequencies from simulations and measurements.

A Sierpinski carpet edge-fed microstrip patch antenna is proposed for size reduction of rectenna of Wireless Power Transmission (WPT) System. The conventional patch antenna is designed based on transmission line model with the characteristics impedance of 50 Ω. The fractal geometry for the conventional antenna is generated up to second iteration and simulated. The results shows that the maximum of 27.68 % size reduction can be achieved by the Sierpinski Carpet microstrip patch antenna of the second iteration order, without affecting the other performances such as return loss and radiation pattern.

This letter proposes a simple compact microstrip antenna with enhanced bandwidth. The antenna is composed of three narrow rectangular patches: one middle patch and two side patches. The side patches are staggered longitudinally with respect to the middle patch and connected using short strips. The antenna is printed on a thin single-layer dielectric substrate with a ground plane and fed by a coaxial probe at the center of the middle patch. By staggering the side patches with respect to the middle patch, two resonant modes are excited at two close frequencies and a wide bandwidth is obtained. The antenna has a compact size of 0.31λ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> × 0.29λ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> × 0.027λ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> (where λ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> is the center operating wavelength in the free space) and a measured impedance bandwidth of 6.8% (return loss > 10 dB), which is approximately 2.3 times wider than that of a conventional square microstrip antenna on the same substrate. The antenna has a stable gain varying from 5.8 to 7.5 dBi and a low cross-polarization level less than -15 dB within the impedance bandwidth. The radiation characteristics are nearly constant over the entire impedance bandwidth.

The design of Rectangular Microstrip Antenna (RMSA) and Circular Microstrip Antenna (CMSA) with coaxial feed at S-band frequency is investigated in this paper. RMSA is equipped for 2.4 GHz resonant frequency operations and also CMSA for 2.4 GHz resonant frequency operations. How RMSA and CMSA operate at the same frequency are discussed. This choice of frequency has created the antenna an ideal alternative to be used within the wireless Local Area Network [WLAN] and WiMAX, wifi, and Zigbee applications. The dielectric material used for both MSAs is epoxy material FR-4 having a permittivity of 4.4. Both antennas are designed using HFSS and fabricated. In comparison to the CMSA VSWR 1.31, the RMSA has an improved value of 1.0 for the VSWR. CSMA has a Return Loss (RL) of -26.7dB and RSMA has a -31.4 dB return loss. The RMSA has shown a return loss of approximately 6.0 dB greater than the CMSA return loss.

A single feed compact rectangular microstrip antenna is presented in this paper. A triangular slot is introduced at the upper edge of the patch to reduce the resonant frequency. A small piece of triangular patch is added within the area of the triangular slot to improve the gain bandwidth performance of the antenna. The antenna size has been reduced by 46.2% when compared to a conventional square microstrip patch antenna with a maximum of 160MHz bandwidth and i27:36dB return loss. The characteristics of the designed structure are investigated by using MoM based electromagnetic solver, IE3D. An extensive analysis of the return loss, radiation pattern, gain and e-ciency of the proposed antenna is shown in this paper. The simple conflguration and low proflle nature of the proposed antenna leads to easy fabrication and make it suitable for the

The rectenna as a device, is critical for achieving long-distance wireless power transfer. The centrality of this study is focused on adding to the collective knowledge of the subject matter, by providing a new perspective in terms of an alternative design for the antenna component of the rectenna. Essentially, this study features a novel “3-point star” design which was simulated in comparison with the conventional square microstrip patch antenna design. Both designs (i.e., operating at the Wi-Fi band 2.4 GHz), were assessed in terms of simulated performance parameters: gain, directivity, return loss, radiation pattern, and efficiency. From the simulation results, the proposed “3-point star” design, though slightly less efficient exhibited improved performance over the conventional square patch alternative, in terms of gain, directivity, and return loss. For the rectifying component, a greinacher voltage-doubler (with two HSMS2820 diodes), was designed separately and simulated over a range of input power levels (10dBm—34dBm), for 220-Ω, 380-Ω and 810-Ω load resistances, respectively. A maximum conversion efficiency of 88.02% was achieved at 28dBm for an 810 Ω load resistance. All design simulations were executed using Advanced Design System (ADS) software.

Design concept of compact ultra-wideband (UWB) antipodal slot antenna with improved cross-polarization performance is presented. The antenna is fed by strip-line with symmetrical feed pads so that the antenna can be more easily fabricated, mounted or integrated with other microwave components. Performance of the antenna, such as return loss, radiation patterns and gain, are simulated and compared with conventional rectangular slot antenna. As will be presented, the impedance bandwidth of the antenna is from 3.12GHz to 10.8GHz, which is about 3.4:1. Stable omnidirectional radiation patterns, low cross polarization level and flat gain performances over the operation bandwidth can be achieved compared with conventional rectangular wide slot antenna.

This paper presents the design and simulation of 30°-30°-120° triangular microstrip patch antenna miniaturization using shorting pin for S-band frequency operation. The analysis of miniaturized triangular microstrip antenna with shorting pin is performed by Ansys HFSS based simulation results. The conventional and compact triangular microstrip patch antenna shows the resonant frequency at 2.2 GHz and 2.4 GHz with gain of 1.2 dB and 1.7 dB respectively. Here the conventional triangular microstrip patch antenna area is miniaturized upto 31% through the shorting pin. The comparison between the conventional and compact triangular microstrip patch antenna are presented and discussed in this paper. The proposed compact triangular microstrip patch antenna is often suitable for integration with Bluetooth and WLAN devices with reduced design complexity.

A novel antipodal wide-slot antenna for ultra-wideband (UWB) applications is proposed and studied in detail. The antenna is fed by a microstrip line terminated with a rectangular tuning patch. An antipodal structure is employed to improve the radiation performances. The return losses, surface E-field, current distribution, radiation patterns and gains of the antenna are numerically and experimentally investigated. Results show that the proposed antipodal antenna has an impedance bandwidth from 0.79 to 4.0 GHz, which is about 5:1. Compared with conventional rectangular wide-slot antenna, more stable radiation pattern with lower cross-polarisation level and flatter gain variation over a 3:1 bandwidth can be obtained. Thus, the proposed antenna should be more suitable for future UWB-multiple-input multiple-output applications using polarisation diversity than conventional UWB rectangular slot antennas.

The characteristics of a small antenna using an H-shaped microstrip patch antenna is analyzed. Significant reduction of antenna size can be realized when the H-shaped patch is used instead of the conventional rectangular microstrip patch antenna. The effect of various antenna parameters like substrate height, radius of shorting post and feed point are analyzed and their effect on return loss is shown.

This paper presents a Koch-like sided Sierpinski multi-fractal antenna for ultra wide band applications. The fractal techniques such as the Koch and Sierpinski Fractal techniques are been introduced into the conventional triangular patch antenna with microstrip feed to obtain better return loss and impedance bandwidth characteristics. The simulation was performed in High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS 13). The antenna parameters such as resonant frequency, return loss, radiation pattern and surface current distribution are simulated and discussed in this paper.

In this paper, a multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) based patch antenna has been designed and fabricated to suit for X-band applications. First, a basic rectangular patch antenna is considered then structural modifications like slots on the patch and defects in the ground structure are introduced to improve the impedance bandwidth of the antenna. Considered two structures modifications in this work, a rectangular antenna with a slot at the center (forms U-Shape patch) and later introduced dumbbell shape DGS in the feed line of the U-shape antenna, which was designed to resonate at 10GHz in the X-band (8GHz-12GHz). Three antennas are fabricated, and their performance is investigated using return loss, gain and radiation efficiency, etc. Here MWCNT material is prepared in bath sonicator, and material characterization is carried out using FESEM. The main motto of this paper is to overcome the demerit of copper-based conventional microstrip patch antenna in X-Band. From experimental results, a U-shaped MWCNT patch antenna with DGS gives 30% impedance bandwidth compared with antennas considered in this work. The applications of carbon nanotube-based antennas can be employed in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) for callous chemical and gas environmental systems. MWCNT antennas are preferred over standard copper antennas in such situations, as standard copper antennas are easily oxidized.

In this paper, the characteristics of a small antenna using an H-shaped microstrip patch are studied. Significant reduction of antenna size can be realized when the H-shaped patch is used instead of the conventional rectangular microstrip patch antenna. The theoretical analysis is carried out based on the finite-difference time- domain (FDTD) method. The FDTD programs are developed and validated by available measurement results. The effects of various antenna parameters on the resonant frequency and radiation patterns are shown. Several design curves are presented, which are useful for practical antenna design. The electric current distributions on the patch and those on the ground plane are described, together with the results illustrating the electric field distributions under the patch. This antenna is suitable for applications where small size and broad beamwidth are required.