Regional E-Government Development: Evolution of EGDI in Andean countries

Several initiatives have tried to measure the efforts nations have made towards developing e-government. The UN E-Government Development Index (EGDI) is the only global report that ranks and classifies the UN Member States into four categories based on a weighted average of normalized scores on online service, telecom infrastructure, and human capital. The authors argue that the EGDI fails in showing the efforts of nations over time and in informing nations and policymakers as to what and from whom to draw policy lessons. Using the UN EGDI data from 2008 to 2020, they profile the UN Member States and show the relevance of machine learning techniques in addressing these issues. They examine the resulting cluster profiles in terms of theoretical perspectives in the literature and derive policy insights from the different groupings of nations and their evolution over time. Finally, they discuss the policy implications of the proposed methodology and the insights obtained.

The purpose of the paper is to analyse the relationship between digitalisation of public services (e-government) and ESG factors (environmental, social and economic factors). As public administration is a major stakeholder influencing sustainable development and state governments are aiming to digitise their services, there is a need to better understand the effect of the digital revolution on ESG. This article aims to study the relationship between the E-Government Development Index (EGDI) and ESG factors in 26 European countries. The linear ordering method TOPSIS (Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) was used for the study, followed by the Perkal index and the method of optimal predictors’ selection—the Hellwig method. The study is based on the Eurostat data (in the period 2003–2020), and the analysis includes ten variables: Share of environmental taxes in GDP; Exposure to dust air pollution; Greenhouse gas emissions by source sector—carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, etc. (energy, industry, agriculture, forestry, waste management) (thousands of tonnes); Passenger transport volume in relation to GDP; At risk of poverty or social exclusion; Percentage of people satisfied with their financial situation among people aged 16+; Share of the ICT sector in GDP; Unemployment rate of people aged 20–64; Research and development expenditure in all sectors; GDP per capita. The in-depth analysis offers a matrix that represents the relationships between environmental taxes and the development of e-government. The main finding reveals statistically significant relationships between the EGDI and aggregate variables representing the environmental, social and economic spheres. It indicates a genuine, positive impact of digitalised administrative processes on sustainable development. It also seems to confirm that investments in digital infrastructure and government e-services bring multiple long-term benefits and contribute directly to all three domains relevant to the sustainability of modern development. The results of the analysis can be found useful by governments and governmental institutions as informing digitalisation strategies aimed at balancing the development of e-services and their support infrastructure. Nowadays, when planning strategic actions, one should take into account the social, economic and environmental impact of the digitalisation processes.

The United Nations E-Government Survey is published by DPIDG, UN DESA, once every two years. The 2022 Survey is the 12th edition, following a consistent methodology first adopted in 2003. The Survey assesses global and regional e-government development through a comparative rating of national government portals relative to one another. It is not designed to capture e-government development in an absolute sense, but rather to provide a snapshot of country trends and relative rankings of e-government development in the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). It presents the trends and relative rankings of e-government development across 193 Member States through a quantitative composite index, the E-Government Development Index (EGDI), with three separate components - the Online Service Index (OSI), Telecommunication Infrastructure Index (TII), and Human Capital Index (HCI).

The article - “Electronic transformation of governance in Asian countries and Georgia’s place in this process” discusses the progress of electronic, aka digital transformation of management in Asian countries, including Georgia. The article uses the E-Government Development Index [EGDI], the norm of which is one integer [EGDI=1.1000]. The E-Government Development Index is an accurate source of social, political and economic research. Accordingly, it is the best indicator for measuring the levels of development and transformation. The article presents twenty-two countries in the Asian region that showed a high level of this index in 2020 and 2022, Georgia is among them. Georgia’s E-Government Development Index in 2020 was 0.7174, and in 2022 - 0.7501. With this indicator, Georgia satisfied 71.7% of the E-Government Development Index norm in 2020, and 75% in 2022. At the end of the article, the conclusion is made - the current indicator is dynamic and with this governance, Georgia is ahead of both Armenia and Azerbaijan.

This research examines assumptions about the relationship between e-governance and governance in 15 West African countries through an analysis of the 2016 and 2018 World Governance Indicators (WGI) and E-government Development Index (EDGI), proxies for governance and e-governance, respectively. A Pearson correlation analysis demonstrates a significant positive correlation between WGI and EDGI. When disaggregated, however, some dimensions of governance fail to correlate with e-governance. Notably, governance indicators correlate positively with each other thus reinforcing the critical role of traditional institutions of governance in achieving good governance. The study concludes that while ICTs are effective in advancing the goals of governments, they achieve better outcomes when integrated with established institutions and structures of governance. It advances an understanding of the concepts of development and governance by providing empirical evidence of the prospects and limitations of ICTs in the administrative practices of governments, especially in geopolitical contexts of limited resources.

Digital development and social protection are two important areas of focus in the international arena. Digital development refers to the use of digital technologies to promote social and economic development, while social protection refers to policies and programs that provide support and assistance to vulnerable and marginalized populations. The purpose of this research is to study the impact of digital development on the government's social protection system in Uzbekistan. The research method is quantitative, and the data collection methods are primary and secondary. The main statistical analyses are descriptive statistics, multiple linear regression, OLS regression, matrix of correlation, and hypothesis testing, and these analyses were performed in Stata IC/15.0. With regard to research variables, two independent and two dependent variables were chosen, and they include: egdi - E-Government Development index (independent); epi - E-Participation index (independent); sd - Social Development index (dependent); and spandl - Social protection-labor (dependent). In line with the analysis, there is a high impact between digital development and the social protection system of the government. Four econometric-mathematical models were developed: (1) and (2) models were developed based on multiple regression analyses, and (3) and (4) models were developed based on simple linear regression analyses. There are social development and social protection-labor variables have very positive and significant relationships with the e-participation variable and with each other.

This research focuses on e-government development index. To raise the index in Latvia, factors influencing the index value were studied and recommendations for increasing the egovernment development index are offered.The influencing factors significance of e-government development index and the impact of these factors were studied and analyzed.

A comparative analysis of the practice of implementing e-government in different countries gives an opportunity to identify the advantages and disadvantages of existing information systems, find ways to optimize and improve the efficiency of public administration. The purpose of this study was to identify the leading countries in e-Government development for comparison with Ukraine, and to apply their positive experience in implementing e-portals, creating the necessary regulatory framework, disseminating the Internet, and attracting citizens to participate in the processes of forming the information society. The article explores the dynamics of E-Government Development Index (EGDI) and E-Participation Index (EPI), analyzes the achievements of developed countries in e-government, and identifies leading countries such as the United Kingdom, France and Spain whose experience is useful for its application in Ukraine. The qualitative analysis of the achievements of different countries was based on the UN e-Government knowledgebase and the United Nations E-Government Survey from 2003 to 2018, information from e-Governance research articles, government website data, newsletters, and research findings. The study of e-government practice in leading countries and in Ukraine shows that the development of public information space has many similarities and the process of e-government formation in developing countries in many spheres follows the path of developed countries, preserving their own national features. The authors of the article have identified the main common components of this process, outlined aspects of improving the practice of e-government in the direction of building an effective system of public administration.

This study explores how different configurations of e-government components contribute to national governance performance across countries with varying levels of digital development. Leveraging a configurational approach, the research employs Fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA) and Necessary Condition Analysis (NCA) to analyze 90 countries categorized into High-EGDI and Low-EGDI groups based on the United Nations E-Government Development Index (EGDI). Drawing from UN E-Government Survey and World Governance Indicators (WGI), the study constructs a composite governance index through Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and identifies multiple configurations of e-government elements that lead to high governance outcomes. The findings reveal that in High-EGDI countries, service provision emerges as a necessary condition, and governance performance is driven by configurations integrating institutional frameworks, technological infrastructure, and high-quality services. In contrast, for Low-EGDI countries, no single factor is deemed necessary, and governance improvement depends on institutional stability and multifaceted strategies. This study contributes to both theory and practice by integrating Socio-Technical Theory (STT), offering nuanced insights into the interplay of technological and institutional factors, and presenting policy recommendations tailored to digital maturity levels. The results underscore the importance of adopting context-sensitive strategies for sustainable e-government development and bridging the global digital divide.

Given the current Corona virus pandemic, the role of e-government in both developed and developing countries is becoming more important than ever. This study aims to assess the development of e-government in Saudi Arabia and to compare it with that of two world e-government leaders: USA and the Republic of Korea, during the period of 2003-2020. Data analysis consists of: 1) a comparative, cross-country, longitudinal analysis of the e-government development index (EGDI) relating to Saudi Arabia, the USA and the Republic of Korea; 2) a trend analysis of the online services, telecommunication infrastructure, and human capital indicators; and 3) a gap analysis to pinpoint the gap between Saudi Arabia and the USA, and the gaps between Saudi Arabia and the Republic of Korea. The results reveal a continuous rise in the rankings of Saudi Arabia's EGDI over the years. However, findings also indicate some areas that require more improvement. An information management strategy for the support of e-government in Saudi Arabia has been developed, describing the current e-government situation and setting high, medium, and low-level priorities that the country needs to consider in order to better its compliance with international e-government practices.

This article examines the impact of electronic government (e-government) development on China's administrative reform. The article begins with a review of major management and policy issues about the E-government development. The article then introduces some problems of China's old cadre system and major strategies of China's recent administrative reforms. Based on the E-government development issues and the Chinese administrative problems, the article analyzes important opportunities and challenges associated with the E-government development.

This research aims at IT from an extended point of view using the United Nations' E-government Surveys. Having two specific countries, Korea and Thailand, this research has accomplished the current status of the two countries' Internet situation and comparisons the two countries with leading countries in IT as a whole. To meet the ultimate goals of finding recommendations for both countries in accordance with prioritized indicators of significance and urgency, this research includes a comparative evaluation between Korea and Thailand and between the two countries and the leading countries in IT development. This research paper has found that Korea took the foremost place in e-government development index, and Thailand has ranked in the 76th place. The research has shown which indicator (parameter) of three indicator groups Korea and Thailand should focus first in accordance with its significance and urgency.

The Scandinavian countries are among of the most successful countries in terms of development, implementation and using information and communication technologies (ICT), which is confirmed by a number of global ratings in digitalization of national economies. This study aims to identify factors that allowed these countries to have held leading positions in three global indexes: the E-government Development Index, the Digital Evolution Index and the Global Connectivity Index. This study found that the main factor which lead to the success of the development of the ICT sector in the Scandinavian countries is the government programs and strategies in the field of digitalization the national economy, aimed at digitalizing of the government sector, supporting private companies in the construction of infrastructure and increasing penetration of innovative standards of mobile-cellular and fixed-broadband services. In conclusion, this study notes that the successful experience of the Scandinavian countries in the development and use of ICT can be used in the Russian economy and the others developed countries.

The article analyzes the development of information society in Ukraine by retrospective comparison of the Global Competitiveness Index, Networked Readiness Index, E-Government Development Index, reflecting the major trends of ICT use in Ukrainian society. Based on the received results the SWOT-analysis of the information society development in Ukraine was made; the main problems and perspectives of its development were determined, the recommendations for increasing the level of the competitiveness of Ukrainian economy through the use of information and communication technologies were developed.

In developing countries, the implementation of e-government is at greater risk of failure when the corruption is still high. This paper examines the effect of e-government on the level of corruption in 47 developing countries in Asia using E-Government Development Index which is divided into components of online service, human capital, telecommunication infrastructure and e-participation. This paper also places the role of governance in government to moderate the relationship between e-government and perceptions of corruption. The result shows that implementation of e-government and governance has increased the perception of corruption with telecommunications infrastructure has the most significant effect.