E-Government Development and China's Administrative Reform

Use of information technology is very important in government institutions, such as the electronic government, where the government attempted to improve service to the community in a more convenient, fast, effective and efficient. Development of e-government in Kudus district that has not run up pushing me to do this research. The research problem is : How does the development of e-government in Kudus district? and what constraints the development of e-government in Kudus district?. The purpose of this study to describe and analyze how the development of e-government and to describe the obstacles faced by the development of e-government in the District of Kudus. To answer the problem and the research objectives using successful elements of e-government development in the Harvard JFK School of Government, namely : support, capacity, and value. It also uses elements of the development of e-government according to Moon in Book Information Management System consists of a willingness and local culture. This study uses descriptive qualitative sample snowballing technique so that it can be explained the extent to which the development of e-government in the District of Kudus. There are two sources of data were used, namely primary and secondary data. This study using in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation as well as triangulation associated with the development of electronic government in Kudus district in collecting the data. The results showed that the implementation of e-government in the District of Kudus has not been able to run optimally because there are issues that affect development, as there is no support in the implementation of e-government in the absence of the political will of the government's full and socialization. Capacity is very limited financial resources, human resources and technology infrastructure is still inadequate . The absence of public willingness to use and avail the facility of e-government as well as the cultural/local culture Kudus Regency society who prefer the manual way instead of using information technologies in a variety of jobs.

Digital governance or e-governance is the application of information and communication technology (ICT) for delivering government services, exchange of ICT between government and people. The government services are made available to the citizens in a convenient, efficient and transparent manner through e-governance. The purpose of this study is to highlight digital governance in Nepal during and after international pandemic COVID-19. This paper emphasizes review of different studies on development of e-government and e-governance in Nepal as well as in developing countries. The outcome of the study will be helpful for policy makers and leaders to formulate effective e-government policies and standard during crisis.

The development and implementation of e-government has been viewed as an opportunity to bring the much-desired reforms in public administration. There are several studies that have been conducted in the field of e-government and many projects implemented in both developed and developing countries signifying a tremendous growth in the field. However, studies show that there is a mismatch between the level of investment and the results realized so far. This has led to what some researchers refer to as the ‘e-government paradox’ that follows from the ‘productivity paradox’ earlier documented for IT projects. There are several factors that are attributable to the ‘e-government paradox’: measurement error; time lag between implementation and results; the fact that public administration and by extension e-government is driven by the need to create value for citizens and not economic value; and the mismanagement of the implementation process by e-government implementers. The measurement error has been identified as the most important factor contributing to the ‘e-government paradox’. Theories on development, implementation, measurement and evaluation of e-government are still at nascent stages of development. This study proposes the development of a citizen centric e-government evaluation model that is suitable in the context of a developing country to solve the measurement error. The study was conducted from government common citizen service (Huduma) centres in Kenya where citizens access government services. This study proposed a conceptual model that hypothesised relationships between the identified constructs. The model was tested using Structured Equation Modelling (SEM) and findings reported.

Бас редактор: ҚОЙГЕЛДИЕВ Мәмбет Құлжабайұлы (бас редактор)

Type of the article: Research ArticleAbstractMoney laundering threatens global financial integrity, while digital governance is increasingly seen as a tool to enhance transparency and regulatory capacity. This study operationalized digital governance through the United Nations E-Government Development Index, which captures the scope and quality of online public services, telecommunications infrastructure, and human capital. The paper aims to examine whether improvements in e-government development are associated with measurable reductions in systemic money-laundering vulnerabilities at the country level. The study uses an unbalanced panel of 171 countries for 2012–2024 (982 observations). Fixed- and random-effects models with Box–Cox transformations were estimated, with the Hausman test guiding model selection and cluster-robust and Driscoll–Kraay standard errors ensuring reliable inference. The results demonstrate a statistically significant and economically meaningful inverse relationship between e-government development and money-laundering risk, measured by the Basel AML Index. In the preferred fixed-effects specification, the coefficient on the transformed EGDI is –1.56 (p < 0.001), indicating that within-country improvements in digital governance capacity are associated with substantial reductions in AML vulnerability over time. This effect remains robust across alternative error structures, with 95% confidence intervals of [–1.96, –1.17] under cluster-robust estimation and [–1.75, –1.38] under Driscoll–Kraay correction. The inclusion of country-specific fixed effects reveals considerable structural heterogeneity in baseline AML risk (approximately 1.15–3.90), while time effects display limited variation over the sample period (approximately 2.11–2.19), confirming that the risk-reducing role of digital governance is not driven by specific countries or particular years.AcknowledgmentThis article was prepared based on the results of a study funded by the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine, “GovTech for Ukraine: A Digital, Secure, Transparent, and Equitable State in Times of War and Post-War Reconstruction” (registration number: 0126U000544).

Problem setting. The scientific work is devoted to the study of the economic and legal aspects of the modernization of e-government in Ukraine into a digital ecosystem to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals. Analysis of recent researches and publications. Aspects of the functioning and development of e-government and the problems of transforming governance into digital attract the attention of researchers from Ukraine. However, the topic of e-government as an ecosystem is not analyzed at all in the publications of domestic scientists. Theoretical and practical aspects of the ecosystem approach as a direction of digitalization of public administration are revealed in the works of foreign authors and public documents of international organizations. Purpose of the research is to analyze the state of e-governance in Ukraine and develop recommendations for improving the regulatory framework for the digital transformation of national governance to an ecosystem model. Article’s main body. The expediency of the ecosystem approach in digital governance is due to the need for state regulation of digital ecosystems. The ecosystem model of governance is based on digital technologies, and the electronic model is based on information and communication technologies. An e-government ecosystem is a complex sociotechnical system that unites citizens, businesses, organizations and authorities and uses electronic platforms to create value and distribute it among its participants. Electronic governance in Ukraine is gradually moving towards its organization as an ecosystem. Today, several dozen digital transformation projects are being developed in Ukraine to automate relations in the government system. However, cyber security experts identified significant problems in the Diya digital project, in particular problems with personal data protection, openness and transparency of digital transformations. Сitizens play a key role in digital public administration, so the goal of human development and protection of their rights should be enshrined in legislation as a priority during digital transformations. Innovative management technologies provide significant opportunities in management, but are risky. The need for thorough research and legal regulation of innovative solutions before their introduction into government processes is emphasized. It is proposed to establish responsibility for the security of data and processes in the digital ecosystem of governance. Conclusions and prospects for development. Legislation and legal acts related to the informatization and digitization of government, economy and society in Ukraine need to be updated taking into account the priority goals of human development and the protection of their rights, the need to increase the level of cyber security and data protection, the development of competitive programs for the automation of the will of citizens, the implementation of the principles of openness and transparency state bodies, monitoring the effectiveness of governance digitization. The prospect of further research is the legal provision of data protection in digital ecosystems.

The effectiveness of user interactions and engagement with e-government hinges on the extent to which the information and services being offered are user-centered, and in particular citizen-centered. E-government is not effectively serving users if they cannot find the information and services that they seek due to organizational, educational, policy, or management issues; do not have the skills to properly interact with e-government; do not understand the results that they get; or do not trust the information that they receive. As such, user-centered design and evaluation must be a key consideration in the development and management of e-government. Building on a range of previous research by the authors, this article will examine the issues of the designing for, evaluation of, and research about user-centered e-government and implications for e-government policy and management.

Andean countries are experiencing stages of transformation product of series of strategies for improving public service through e-government concept. This work analyze how e-government is developed in these countries from 2008 to 2013 taking into account the factor of measurement used by the E-Government Development Index (EGDI). The findings show that the strategies adopted by Colombia have significantly contributed to its location within the references in progress of e-government in the region. Venezuela has managed its governmental structure with regulatory mechanisms to imposing enforce implementation strategies, however, the positioning obtained within EGDI assessment is directly linked to the subscript of Human Capital. Peru has a consolidated organizational structure that allows articulate directly on issues of government policy to implement e-government projects, however, the limitations of this country are generated by citizens access to technology tools. Ecuador has begun the implementation phase of technology projects focused on citizens, many of the efforts involving simplifying procedures. Finally, Bolivia has worked in the development of the National Governance Program where the state is a facilitator and manager of the sectors of society work in partnership and integration in decision-making; it has not been managed by government agencies, which has led to limited progress in this regard.

The results of research work performed with the participation of the authors in 2019 by the Dnipropetrovsk Regional Institute of Public Administration of the National Academy of Public Administration under the President of Ukraine are highlighted.Modern processes of public administration reform in Ukraine are taking place against the background of global digitalization and deep transformation of business processes of organizations in all spheres of activity. According to the experience of developed countries, digitalization in public administration leads to the transformation of government on the model of "service" state, which is based on changing the role of citizens and civil society in public administration, and the basic function of the state is to provide services.Today, the issue of digitalization of public services is one of the priorities of the Government and the President of Ukraine, who have set ambitious plans - in the next 5 years Ukraine should become one of the world leaders in the development of e-government and e-democracy. In the context of further development of the decentralization reform, the implementation of these tasks requires the introduction of advanced digitalization of public services at the local level, and the main role in this process is given to the Centers for Administrative Services (CNAP). The results of the study show that improving the quality and digitalization of services provided by CNAPs, as well as bringing the CNAP network closer to each consumer are now priority areas for reforming the system of administrative services in Ukraine.

Government information is an important part of the "knowledge infrastructure" of a government's citizens, in the way such information provides a reliable knowledge base relating both to laws and to everyday life.In addition, government information forms part of the historical and cultural heritage and serves as a means of accountability for current and future generations, provided that this information is archived and that its long-term accessibility is ensured. Recently, central and local governments in Japan have developed a variety of policies concerning government information, including: (1) development of e-government and(2) promotion of archival systems.This article reviews these policies and discusses the challenges faced by libraries and archives in Japan in maintaining government information as part of the nation's knowledge infrastructure.

Advanced industrial nations face many difficult political and economic problems due to the accelerating pace and evolving character of technological change. In this volume, economists and political scientists discuss analytic and policy issues relating to the current state of technological capability in the United States, Japan, and Western Germany from a historical perspective and as a basis for future technological development. They also examine the problems and the issues involved in competition and cooperation among high technology firms and in evolving a more harmonious trade regime. The essays presented here explore from an international perspective the theoretical underpinnings of policy issues that are shaped by increasing internations competition and by the changing form and character of the international trade regime. Issues are discussed against the background of declining American technological dominance and intensifying competition as well as increasing international cooperation among high technology firms. Specific topics include the internationalization of basic research; the closing gap between basic and applied research; the effect of nation specific interfirm relations and various characteristics of labor markets on technological progress; and the effectiveness of various forms of government research and development assistance (or, more broadly, industrial policy). Three essays present overviews of the technological capability of and major policy issues faced by the United States, Japan, and Western Germany. Others raise major theoretical and policy issues from the perspectives of political science and economics, and address specific policy issues or groups of related issues.

This case describes the development of information technology (IT) and electronic government (e-Government) projects of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Government (the HKSARG) from the late 1990s to 2005. During this period, the HKSARG launched its first IT Strategic Plan, Digital 21 IT Strategy, which provides the roadmap for the IT development for the city. In this eight-year period, the HKSARG committed about US$1,100M on various types of e-government projects. New e-Government applications and portals, such as Electronic Service Delivery (ESD) and Central Cyber Government Office (CCGO), were developed and rolled out from 2000 onwards to facilitate electronic transactions between the HKSARG and its external (business firms and citizens) and internal (government departments and employees) customers.

This chapter examines South African consumers' patterns of adoption of electronic governance systems. Three elements related to e-government adoption are examined. Firstly, the development of e-government in South Africa is explored. Secondly, the chapter investigates the barriers constraining the public's utilisation of e-gov. Thirdly, suggestions on how e-government initiatives could be better aligned to the Principles of Batho Pele, or people-centred governance, are proffered. To achieve the first objective, an extensive review of the literature encapsulating e-government, South African public services, information communication technologies and commerce is conducted. To achieve the second objective, a survey of 349 consumers from two South African provinces was conducted to explore barriers associated with e-gov adoption. Findings show that although the Batho Pele Principles are pronounced in public sector organisations' missions, their implementation within e-gov still remains a challenge. A plethora of challenges were observed to retard e-government adoption.

Over the last few years, the area of electronic government (eGovernment) has received increased prominence and attention; people are increasingly interacting with e-Government systems. It is therefore important to measure the development of eGovernment. This study via principal component analysis (PCA) from the local perspective presents, validates and updates an evaluation model with 5 dimensions, which captures the multidimensional and interdependent nature of e-Government system. The validity of the model is empirically investigated using a sample of local e-Government of 18 cities in China, all of them with high Internet penetration and mature ICT use. The five dimensions of the evaluation model are project construction, information security management, special construction, transparency of government affairs and informationized ability. K-means clustering is applied in the subspace created by PCA to evaluate the local e-Government stages of growth of these 18 cities. The findings provide several important implications for e-Government research and practice.

Purpose: The purpose of the paper is to identify common (in the regions of Russia as a whole on the basis of improving the algorithm used) and private (in the regions of the North Caucasus Federal District on the basis of its current features) prospects for the development of e-government in the digital economy of Russia. Design/methodology/approach: With the help of the method of expert assessments, which determined the ratio of readiness, demand and the level of implementation of e-government in the regions of the North Caucasus Federal District of the Russian Federation in 2019, characteristics and promising directions for the development of e-government in the regions under study were identified. Findings: The level of development of the e-government system in the regions of the North Caucasus Federal District has been determined. The improved algorithm of electronic government system development in the region in conditions of digital economy is offered. The ratio of readiness, demand, and level of introduction of electronic government system, and also characteristics and perspective directions of development of system of electronic government in regions of the North Caucasian federal district of the Russian Federation in 2019 is defined. Originality/value: As a result of the study on the example of the regions of the North Caucasus Federal District of the Russian Federation in 2019, it is shown that the prospects for the development of e-government in the regions of Russia in the digital economy are associated with the following actions. Firstly, improvement of the algorithm of e-government system development in the region in the digital economy is possible by changing the order of its stages and including a new stage—determining the specifics of the region. Secondly, ensuring a balance of readiness, demand, and level of implementation of e-government; in the regions of the North Caucasus Federal District, it is recommended to increase the level of implementation of this system. Thirdly, ensuring security (achieved in the regions of the North Caucasus Federal District of the Russian Federation), reliability, completeness, and simplification of e-government system in the region. Finally, priority electronic conversion of the most demanded components of public administration (in the regions of the North Caucasus Federal District of the Russian Federation these are state and budget services).