Requirements analysis of android application using activity theory: A case study

This paper aims at providing a detailed explanation on the necessity of an alternative approach based on Activity theory for the requirements analysis of a restaurant automation application. In the recent past, android platform has turned out to be one of the most user-friendly platforms for the development of application software. Also, the number of devices on which android applications can be used outrun the other platforms. Automation is one such domain which takes advantage of this platform. One such scenario is the application of automation in restaurants. This helps in efficiently reducing manpower, improving efficiency, accuracy and quality of the system. However, the applications developed in this domain fail to meet all of an average customer’s requirements. Thus the requirements analysis phase is critical to the development of such applications. The traditional methods of requirements engineering do not ensure that a majority of the requirements are captured and hence turn out to be unsuitable for restaurant automation application. Thus, in this paper, the use of activity theory for requirements analysis has been proposed for capturing the non-functional requirements which play a major role in the evaluation of performance characteristics of the system.

Since Google launched the Android open source mobile platform, Android operating system has occupied half of the mobile phone industry. Meanwhile, the Android applications also have a lot of demand. But now some Android applications on the market contain a lot of advertising, these redundant information affecting the customer experience. In order to enhance the user experience, in this paper, will base on Eclipse and Android SDK developer tools which Google launched, use Java to development a simple and practical audio player which paying attention to the user experience. This audio player will uses ContentResolver and Curor to obtain music files, will uses the Service components calls the MediaPlayer class for the music playing in the background. This audio player support the user wonderful music and as well as not to bring other negative effects, at the same time users can normally use.

ABSTRACTBackground:Adolescents are likely to quickly adopt newer technologies and face detrimental effects of the same.Aim:This study assessed the prevalence and correlates of problematic smartphone and social media use among school-going adolescents.Methods:Cross-sectional study was conducted amongst class 8–10 students. Data were collected using an anonymous survey in English which included (a) sociodemographic information, (b) pattern of smartphone use and smartphone addiction scale-short version (SAS-SV), and (c) pattern of social media use and social media disorder (SMD) scale. Educative session on responsible smartphone use was followed by post-session data collection which included patient health questionnaire (PHQ-2), generalized anxiety questionnaire (GAD-2), hyperactivity subscale of strength and difficulty questionnaire (SDQ), and conscientiousness and emotional stability subscales of ten-item personality inventory questionnaire (TIPI) and post-session feedback.Results:Three hundred and twenty out of 325 responses were analyzed (180 male and 140 female). About 8% (n = 27) used smartphone for more than four hours. Prevalence of problematic smartphone use was 12.5% and problematic social media use was 11.9%. Problematic smartphone use was associated with duration of smartphone use per day and problematic social media use, which was in turn found to be associated with Facebook use and frequency of Instagram posts. About 80.6% (n = 256) participants agreed that such sessions should be conducted in schools.Conclusions:One in ten school going adolescents are likely to be having problematic smartphone and social media use. Awareness sessions in schools about responsible mobile phone use may be an acceptable strategy.

In this technology world, smartphones are greatly adopted by people due to the need of personal communication, Internet and many more requirements. Users are attracted to use the android operating system due its availability for low-cost and millions of freely available applications. The popularity of android operating system is also welcomes the attackers. Statistics have shown that, the growth of android malware is becomes double by every year. Hence android platform is more vulnerable to malwares. Researchers are proposed various models. Some of these models are completely fail to detect unseen variants of malware, while remaining models are inefficient to detect new malware families. In this paper, we briefly explain about android architecture, structure of android application and also characterized android malware based on their installation, activation and payloads types. We proposed a hybrid model to detect the malware based on permission bit-vector and network traffic. We constructed a decision tree classifier to detect the android malware. Our results show that combination of permission bit-vector and network traffic analysis is highly efficient by achieved 95.56% of detection accuracy.

Electrocardiographic (ECG) equipment plays a vital role for diagnosis of cardiac disease. However, the cost of this equipment is huge and the operation is too much complex which cannot offer better services to a large population in developing countries like Bangladesh. In this paper, we have designed and implemented a low cost portable single channel ECG monitoring system using smartphone having android operating system and Arduino. This manuscript also demonstrates the use of Android smartphone for processing and visualizing ECG signal. Our designed system is battery powered and it gives wireless feature. This system can also be used with desktop computer or laptop having either Windows, Linux or Mac OS. For this purpose a software is developed. An Android application is developed using Processing IDE, which requires Android version 2.3 and API level of 10. This application does not need USB host API. For this reason, around 98% Android smartphone in the market can be used for this system.

It is our great pleasure to welcome you to the proceedings of the workshop held as part of SPLASH 2014! This year's Workshop continues the tradition of allowing both graduate and undergraduate students to present their ongoing work and get productive feedback on their latest results. Workshop Overview Mobile application usage and development is experiencing exponential growth. According to Gartner, by 2016 more than 300 billion applications will be downloaded annually. The mobile domain presents new challenges to software engineering. Mobile platforms are rapidly changing, including diverse capabilities as GPS, sensors, and input modes. Applications must be omni-channel and work on all platforms. Activated on mobile platforms, modern applications must be elastic and scale on demand according to the hardware abilities. Applications often need to support and use third-party services. Therefore, during development, security and authorization processes for the dataflow must be applied. Bring your own device (BYOD) policies bring new security data leaks challenges. Developing such applications requires suitable practices and tools e.g., architecture techniques that relate to the complexity at hand; improved refactoring tools for hybrid applications using dynamic languages and polyglot development and applications; and testing techniques for applications that run on different devices. This workshop aims at establishing a community of researchers and practitioners to share their work and lead further research in the mobile software engineering. The workshop has several goals. First, we want to develop relationships to create a vibrant research community in the area of mobile software development. Second, we want to identify the most important research problems for mobile software development. Our program includes: Distinguished keynote by Dr. Daniel M. Yellin the Vice President, IBM Mobile Platform Development, and an IBM Distinguished EngineerInvited talksMarco Pistoia and Omer Trip Integrating Security, Analytics and Application Management into the Mobile Development LifecycleNikolai Tillmann Rapidly Prototyping Apps for Mobile Cloud-Connected DevicesLucas Brutschy, Pietro Ferrara and Mueller Peter. Static Analysis for Independent App DevelopersPanel: "How Mobile Affects Business Processes? : The Research Perspective"Activity: "Killer Apps for Mobile Opportunity and ChallengesResearch papers Mobile software engineering presents new challenges and directions. Among others, we observe the following five areas of interest: Management of the mobile applications. This refers to the technical capabilities to create, deploy, and manage a suite of applications for multiple heterogeneous devices (e.g., iOS, Android, BlackBerry, Windows) that connect securely to enterprise back-end servers.Hybrid applications versus native applications. A native application is an application designed to run in a specific environment written in a specific language. A hybrid mobile application, however, is developed using web technologies such as HTML, CSS, and JavaScript activated by a native wrapper. Building native applications requires comprehensive knowledge in the specific environment, such as Objective C (iOS), Java (Android), and C# (Windows mobile and BlackBerry). However, hybrid applications based on web technologies require more common knowledge.User experience. Applications must be developed that provide different user experiences depending on the target environment. For example, an iOS application provides a different user experience than an Android application, even though the functionality of the application must be the same.Battery life. How can developers write software that uses up as little battery life as possible?Migrations to mobile. As more users access and use mobile-based tools, developers need to enable and support migration from legacy software such as web applications to mobile.Mobile security. Mobile devices have strong networking capabilities. Hence security of ersonal information and businesses data become very important. Employees use their smartphones to access sensitive information. The operating system of those devices collects sensitive data that may be visible to third-party applications. Hence vulnerabilities from both the web browser and operating system must be considered. Moreover, the development of mobile applications includes the following aspects that extend existing software engineering practices: Software characteristics. 1) Software is distributed on several platforms that link between them over the network. For example, one part of an application could be on mobile phones browsers, another part might be on the cloud, and both of them are reading data from some legacy systems. 2) Mobile applications need to be elastic and scale on demand according to their environments' abilities. Functionalities need to be easily removed, added, or moved to or from the cloud. 3) Many hardware platforms exist for an application and the platforms are rapidly changing, including flexible capabilities such as GPS, sensors, and input modes. Development, however, should be for all platforms.Architecture. Mobile application development also includes several architectural challenges, such as how to support omni-channel communications and how to support new application data updates from the server, e.g., notifications about new mail or software updates. Applications must be able to easily communicate with new systems. Traditional solutions enable software to be easily designed and modified to communicate with new environments. However, the environments with which applications need to communicate are rapidly changing. As a result, traditional solutions do not fit modern software and we cannot modify applications using traditional architectural approaches to support all channels.Testing. Another aspect of mobile application development concerns software testing. How can applications be tested on arbitrary and unknown hardware? And how can we develop test-driven software without being able to run the test itself?

Purpose: A case study was done to assess text neck syndrome and gamers thumb in 10 year old nomophobic student with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Design/Methodology/Approach: The researchers use the descriptive research methodology to understand all the activities required in meeting the objectives of the study. The respondents of the study were a ten years old student with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder who was taken to hospital by his parents for severe neck pain along with thumb and wrist pain. As the objective of the study was to analyze the musculoskeletal disorders in a child due to excessive smart phone use, a face to face interviews as well as the observational analysis of various positions during phone use were employed. Data collected from the study are noted, explained, and analyzed for comparison and further studies. Thorough assessment was taken and it was found that the position of the child while using smart phone was poor and awkward for a long duration of time without following principles of ergonomics. Finding/Result: Within the limitation of this case study, it is concluded that a nomophobic student with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder has diagnosed with text neck syndrome and gamers thumb due to excessive use of smart phone. There was a lack of awareness about ergonomics and musculoskeletal disorders due to excessive use of smart phone in child’s parents. Thus, the researchers emphasized giving proper guidance in ergonomic principles and ergonomically corrected positions while using smart phones to avoid the risk of musculoskeletal disorders. Originality/Value: An ergonomic dimension of this study. Paper Type: Case Study Research Keywords: Ergonomics, Musculoskeletal Disorder, Text neck syndrome, Gamer's thumb, Nomophobia, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder.

In software testing process, test data generation represents an important step for high quality software, even for mobile devices. As proposed in previous works, a potential source for random data generation is represented by the UI layout files that are used for almost all mobile platforms (Android, iOS, Windows Phone/Mobile). This paper continues the previous work and presents a test data generation system based on Android layout files. The test data generator uses DSL files as input and generates test data that conform to several testing principles. The generated test data could be stored in XML files or any format required by the testing frameworks.

The use of smart phones among postgraduates in Malaysia has become indispensable in recent times. This study aims to identify the intended use of smart phones among students in terms of educational and social communication purposes. This study is quantitative in nature with exploratory study as the research design. Data was analyzed using Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 2.1. The study established that students were positive towards the use of smart phones for learning purpose, with no significance difference between male and female. In regard to age, for students age less than 45, they are inclined to use smart phones as a medium to gain information, to surf the internet as well as to access the e-learning portal provided by the university. However, for students age more than 45, they prefer to use laptop or desktop computers for aforementioned activities as the result from the screen limitation. The study also established that students were positive towards the use of smart phones for social communication purpose, with no significance difference between male and female. In regard to age, for students age less than 45, they are inclined to use smart phones as a medium of communication, through SMS, WhatsApp, Telegram and WeChat rather than making phone calls. However, for students age more than 45, they prefer over the phone conversations rather than using social communication applications. As the conclusion, this study provide significant findings that could point out the future direction of smart phones usage among postgraduate students in Malaysia for learning and social communication purposes.

BackgroundConcerns have been raised regarding the potential negative impacts of parents’ smartphone use on the parent–child relationship. A scoping literature review indicated inconsistent effects, arguably attributable to different conceptualizations of parent phone use and conflation of phone use with technological interference.MethodsBased on a sample of n = 3, 659 parents collected in partnership with a national public broadcaster, we conducted a multiverse analysis. We explored 84 different analytic choices to address whether associations were weak versus robust, and provide clearer direction for measurement, theory, and practice. Effects were assessed in relation to p values, effect sizes, and AIC; we further conducted a meta‐analytic sensitivity check.ResultsDirect associations between smartphone use and parenting were relatively weak and mixed. Instead, the relation between use and parenting depended on level of technological interference. This pattern was particularly robust for family displacement. At low levels of displacing time with family using technology, more smartphone use was associated with better (not worse) parenting.ConclusionsOur results indicate fragility in findings of risks for parental smartphone use on parenting; there were few concerns in this regard. Rather, at low levels of technological interference, more phone use was associated with higher parenting quality. Scholars should avoid generalized narratives of family risk and seek to uncover real effects of smartphone use on family outcomes across diverse households and contexts.

<p>Although smartphones have become a ubiquitous part of everyday life, their use – especially excessive or compulsive use – is thought to be associated with detrimental effects, such as increased stress and anxiety. Whilst some research has been devoted to exploring these effects, the purpose of this dissertation was to: a) quantify the strength of this relationship within the existing cross-sectional literature, and b) extend the experimental literature. Across a series of three studies – including a meta-analytic review and two experiments – the possible associations between the severity of problematic smartphone use, separation from the phone, and stress and anxiety were explored. Study One was a meta-analytic review of 39 independent samples (N = 21 736), which examined the cross-sectional relationships between smartphone use, stress, and/or anxiety. The summary effect size of r = .22, p < .001, CI [.17–.28], indicated a small‐to medium association between smartphone use and stress and anxiety. Studies that assessed the severity of problematic phone use (use that is compulsive, excessive, or addictive) had stronger effect sizes than those that assessed non-problematic use. </p> <p>To follow-up these results, two experiments, which were based on a study by Cheever, Rosen, Carrier, and Chavez (2014) were conducted, to examine one possible source of smartphone-induced stress and anxiety – temporary separation from the phone. Smartphone separation has been hypothesized to result in “Fear of Missing Out” (FoMO) and (phone) separation anxiety, especially among those high in problematic phone use. In Study Two, participants (N = 181) were randomly assigned to three conditions: (1) Smartphone Separation, (2) Wallet Separation, and (3) No Separation, and had their levels of self-reported anxiety and stress, as well as their heart rate and skin conductance response measured. The results did not support the notion that smartphone separation results in detrimental effects on participants’ physiological or self-reported stress and anxiety, or that individuals with the highest levels of problematic phone use experience more detrimental effects from smartphone separation than those with lower levels. </p> <p>Study Three explored the possibility that previous studies that found significant effects of smartphone separation on anxiety may have been confounded by participant boredom during the separation period. This study involved manipulating participants’ levels of boredom across three conditions – two of which involved smartphone restriction – and examined their effects on self-reported stress and anxiety. Participants (N = 224) were randomly assigned to sit for an hour either: (1) without their phones and in complete silence, (2) without their phones while watching a documentary, or (3) using their phones. Participants’ boredom levels better explained participants’ anxiety in Study Three than did smartphone restriction. </p> <p>Taken as a whole, the results of this dissertation suggest that, while there is a significant association between smartphone use – especially higher levels of problematic use – and stress and anxiety, temporary periods of separation from the phone are not likely in themselves to be part of the explanation of this association. The implications of these findings for both previous and future research are discussed. </p>

<p>Although smartphones have become a ubiquitous part of everyday life, their use – especially excessive or compulsive use – is thought to be associated with detrimental effects, such as increased stress and anxiety. Whilst some research has been devoted to exploring these effects, the purpose of this dissertation was to: a) quantify the strength of this relationship within the existing cross-sectional literature, and b) extend the experimental literature. Across a series of three studies – including a meta-analytic review and two experiments – the possible associations between the severity of problematic smartphone use, separation from the phone, and stress and anxiety were explored. Study One was a meta-analytic review of 39 independent samples (N = 21 736), which examined the cross-sectional relationships between smartphone use, stress, and/or anxiety. The summary effect size of r = .22, p < .001, CI [.17–.28], indicated a small‐to medium association between smartphone use and stress and anxiety. Studies that assessed the severity of problematic phone use (use that is compulsive, excessive, or addictive) had stronger effect sizes than those that assessed non-problematic use. </p> <p>To follow-up these results, two experiments, which were based on a study by Cheever, Rosen, Carrier, and Chavez (2014) were conducted, to examine one possible source of smartphone-induced stress and anxiety – temporary separation from the phone. Smartphone separation has been hypothesized to result in “Fear of Missing Out” (FoMO) and (phone) separation anxiety, especially among those high in problematic phone use. In Study Two, participants (N = 181) were randomly assigned to three conditions: (1) Smartphone Separation, (2) Wallet Separation, and (3) No Separation, and had their levels of self-reported anxiety and stress, as well as their heart rate and skin conductance response measured. The results did not support the notion that smartphone separation results in detrimental effects on participants’ physiological or self-reported stress and anxiety, or that individuals with the highest levels of problematic phone use experience more detrimental effects from smartphone separation than those with lower levels. </p> <p>Study Three explored the possibility that previous studies that found significant effects of smartphone separation on anxiety may have been confounded by participant boredom during the separation period. This study involved manipulating participants’ levels of boredom across three conditions – two of which involved smartphone restriction – and examined their effects on self-reported stress and anxiety. Participants (N = 224) were randomly assigned to sit for an hour either: (1) without their phones and in complete silence, (2) without their phones while watching a documentary, or (3) using their phones. Participants’ boredom levels better explained participants’ anxiety in Study Three than did smartphone restriction. </p> <p>Taken as a whole, the results of this dissertation suggest that, while there is a significant association between smartphone use – especially higher levels of problematic use – and stress and anxiety, temporary periods of separation from the phone are not likely in themselves to be part of the explanation of this association. The implications of these findings for both previous and future research are discussed. </p>

Android platform has gained popularity in recent years in terms of its usability by common people, low cost handsets market share and number of available applications. Android operating system was built on a modified Linux kernel with built-in common web services such as email, web browser, and map applications. This paper presents the architecture and design specifications for a Student Attendance Marker Application on an Android platform. The use of android phones for such purposes can ease them to do work quicker. Usage of mobile phones for applications like attendance marking system shows enhanced utility of Smartphones. This application intends to replace common physical register notebooks which are very commonly used in developing countries including India.

The most common operating system for smart phones, which are among the most common forms of computers today, is the Android operating system. The Android applications are executed on Dalvik Virtual Machines (DVMs) which are register-based, rather than stack-based such as Java Virtual Machines (JVMs). The differences between DVMs and JVMs make tools of programm analysis of JVMs are not directly applicable to DVMs. Operational semantics is a main tool to study, verify, and analyze Android applications.

In this paper the current techniques and tools used by developers to create applications are described in detail and the use of REST APIs in Android applications as a case study. The first component is the installation of the APIs, which we will focus on the Retrofit library for network management, and the API Clients to manage requests. This study evaluates the nuances of JSON parsing, serialization, and deserialization through the Retrofit API client. We study the technique of data searching, the introduction of Tap Drawer using Firebase to improve the app functionality, and the string transformation method of Scalar with JSON Converter Factory.The tutorial explains how to set up an API, design an interface for Product ID query, use a Binding Adaptor for handling images and a Glide dependency to load images. As well, we consider how to create a Product Adaptor for a Recycler View which leverages Fragments to implement complex user interfaces. According to the plan of Android development, we absorb width, wrap content and verticality alignment as layout factors.The building of the “Adapter List” based on the “Create View Holder” function and the creation of Product Model class — which consists of fields for ratings and product details — as well as the JSON integration are presented in the article. Asynchronous processes are applied in the application as well as the `enqueue` technique has been used to provide effective network connection.We intend to acquire an experimental data by app scanning on the Android platform, by referring to Stack Overflow's most favourite pages and through a survey of mobile application developers in order to build a code collection associated with REST mobile client technologies. From our findings it follows that application communicating through the Internet phenomenon associated with JSON syntax implementation in comparison to XML data processing execution rather widespread and acceptable in terms of Android developers. We include the HTTP libraries standardized by third-party organizations in the paper which also explains how to use the practices.In unity, we discuss the perks of Android system uniqueness which facilitates the application customization, suppliers and the consumers, in terms of security, usability, and usefulness. Our app framework for Android offers coronary adjust to existing apps through behaviour simply without accessing or modifying app source code but sticks to the universal app-agnostic transformation objectives. This architecture is thus designed to allow the modified software version to function without any hindrance on any normal Android device. Keywords- REST API, Android, Retrofit, Firebase, Gson, Recycler View, JSON parsing, HTTP libraries, refactoring, Android programming principles.