Research on XML Data-Driven Based Web Page Design

The usability of an interface is a fundamental issue to elucidate. Many researchers argued that many usability results and recommendations lack empirical and experimental data. In this research, the usability of the web pages is evaluated using several carefully selected statistical models. Universities web pages are chosen as subjects for this work for ease of comparison and ease of collecting data. A series of experiments has been conducted to investigate into the usability and design of the universities web pages. Prototype web pages have been developed according to the structured methodologies of web pages design and usability. Universities web pages were evaluated together with the prototype web pages using a questionnaire which was designed according to the Human Computer Interactions (HCI) heuristics. Nine (users) respondents’ variables and 14 web pages variables (items) were studied. Stringent statistical analysis was adopted to extract the required information to form the data acquired, and augmented interpretation of the statistical results was followed. The results showed that the analysis of variance (ANOVA) procedure showed there were significant differences among the universities web pages regarding most of the 23 items studied. Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) showed that the prototype usability performed significantly better regarding most of the items. The correlation analysis showed significant positive and negative correlations between many items. The regression analysis revealed that the most significant factors (items) that contributed to the best model of the universities web pages design and usability were: multimedia in the web pages, the web pages icons (alone) organisation and design, and graphics attractiveness. The results showed some of the limitations of some heuristics used in conventional interface systems design and proposed some additional heuristics in web pages design and usability.

How will the use of graphics affect visual aesthetics? A user-centered approach for web page design

소리가 잘 들리지 않는 청각장애인은 소리를 표시하는 글자를 익히고 복잡한 개념을 전달하는 글을 이해하는 데 어려움이 많다. 그래서 자연스럽게 표정, 몸짓, 손짓으로 의사를 전달하는 수화가 청각장애인들의 주요 의사소통수단으로 자리잡아왔지만 사회에서는 글과 말이 주요 정보전달 수단으로 이용되고 있어 청각장애인이 정보에 접근하고 지식을 넓혀 직업을 갖는데 큰 어려움이 있다. 특히 근래에 인터넷이 보편화됨에 따라 정상인의 정보 습득량은 크게 늘었지만, 글로 표현된 인터넷을 이해하기 어려운 청각장인들은 인터넷 정보에 접근하는데 어려움이 많다. 본 연구에서는 청각장애인을 위한 수화 웹페이지를 제작할 수 있는 수화 웹페이지 제작시스템을 개발하였다. 수화 웹페이지 제작 시스템은 청각장애인용 수화 웹페이지 제작자가 통상적인 인터넷 사용에 필요한 하드웨어 및 소프트웨어 환경만 갖추면 운영할 수 있도록 웹기반으로 개발하였다. 수화용 웹 페이지 제작자는 게시판 형태의 인터페이스를 이용하여 변역하고자하는 문장을 서버에 전송할 수 있다. 서버는 수신된 문장을 수화로 번역하여 3D 아바타 기반의 수화 그래픽 애니메이션을 랜더링한다. 수화 그래픽 애니메이션은 MP4 형식의 동영상으로 변환되며, 스트리밍 서버의 저장소에 보관된다. 저장된 수화 동영상의 이름과 주소는 수화 웹페이지 제작자가 처음 문장을 입력하였던 게시판에 표시되도록 하여 향후 청각장애인용 웹 페이지를 제작할 때 활용할 수 있도록 하였다. 또한 본 연구에서는 웹페이지 제작자가 공공기관의 웹페이지를 제작할 수 있도록, 이들 기관에서 현재 사용된 글들을 수화로 번역할 때 필요한 수화 단어를 수화 웹페이지 제작 시스템의 수화 사전에 추가하였다. 수화 단어를 추가함으로써 웹기반 수화 웹페이지 제작 시스템이 공공부문에 보다 더 많이 활용될 수 있을 것이다. Hearing-impaired people have difficulty in hearing, so it is also hard for them to learn letters that represent sound and text that conveys complex and abstract concepts. Therefore it has been natural choice for the hearing-impaired people to use sign language for communication, which employes facial expression, and hands and body motion. However, the major communication methods in daily life are text and speech, which are big obstacles for the hearing-impaired people to access information, to learn and make intellectual activities, and to get jobs. As delivering information via internet become common the hearing-impaired people are experiencing more difficulty in accessing information since internet represents information mostly in text forms. This intensifies unbalance of information accessibility. This paper reports web-based text-to-sign language translating system that helps web designer to use sign language in web page design. Since the system is web-based, if web designers are equipped with common computing environment for internet browsing, they can use the system. The web-based text-to-sign language system takes the format of bulletin board as user interface. When web designers write paragraphs and post them through the bulletin board to the translating server, the server translates the incoming text to sign language, animates with 3D avatar and records the animation in a MP4 file. The file addresses are fetched by the bulletin board and it enables web designers embed the translated sign language file into their web pages by using HTML5 or Javascript. Also we analyzed text used by web pages of public services, then figured out new words to the translating system, and added to improve translation. This addition is expected to encourage wide and easy acceptance of web pages for hearing-impaired people to public services.

Computer image processing technology is an important part of web design, which can effectively improve the appeal and artistic sense of web page. With the development of the times, the influence of the network in people's life is more and more big, web design has also been widely concerned by people. The application of computer image processing technology in web page design can make the web page more beautiful and efficient. With the continuous improvement of the current society's attention to network publicity, it provides favorable conditions for the combination of art and network development. The application of computer image processing in web design can increase the artistry and attractiveness of web pages, and achieve the purpose of network publicity through the stimulation of people's interest, which can greatly promote the development of the industry. This paper analyzes the web design image processing knowledge and computer image processing technology in the application of web design, for reference only.

This paper conducts an experimental study on university web pages to examine whether the hyperlink style affects users' feelings of a web page. We categorize 3 hyperlink styles, including only, and symbol, and and icon. A grey relational analysis conducted suggests that the hyperlink style is a crucial element in user-centered web page design. The experimental study identifies 7 web page design elements and 33 representative webs pages as experimental samples for developing a neural network (NN) model. The NN mode is used to examine the complex relationship between 7 design elements and 3 users' feelings of web pages. With the NN model, a web page design database is built consisting of 3,645 different combinations of design elements, together with their associated feeling values. As a general rule, a web page with the text only hyperlinks has the highest possibility of being easiest and clearest. A web page with the text and symbol hyperlinks will have the most classic look, while the text and icon hyperlinks will make the web page have the most modern appearance. These design-supporting results provide useful insights in facilitating the user-centered web design process.

The design of Web page should be Internet-user-oriented. The key factor of a successful Web page design lies in that the designer can find out counterparts of products in the real world. Another important factor of a successful-designed web page is that the designer can represent the products by a combination of harmonious and inducing colors, images and characters. The pluralistic society nowadays brings about individual aesthetic need. A unique and individualized emotional design of a web page can impress Internet users deeply, initiate Internet users to click promptly and contribute to the establishment of social image and mutual communication service via a website. This thesis mainly deals with color emotion, image emotion and character sign emotion in Web page design. Through a typical example of a Web page design in a Web site, the aesthetics and application of visual signs of a web page is discussed. The emotional design of colors, images, and character signs of a web page are studied.

인터넷의 이용이 활발해짐에 따라 수많은 정보들이 웹을 통하여 공개되고 있으며, 이용자는 웹 검색 서비스를 이용하여 이러한 정보들에 효과적으로 접근할 수 있다. 웹 검색 서비스의 구축을 위해서는 웹 로봇을 사용한 웹 문서 수집이 선행되어야 하며, 웹 문서들의 수가 급격히 증가하면서 양질의 웹 문서들을 효과적으로 수집할 수 있는 웹 로봇에 대한 필요성이 증가되고 있으며, 그에 따른 많은 웹 수집 로봇이 탄생되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 효과적인 웹 수집 로봇의 설계와 동적인 웹페이지에서 사용하는 자바스크립트의 링크추출 방안을 제안하였다. 본 논문에서는 성능 분석을 위하여 제안된 모델을 사용하여 수집 모델을 1개로 설정해 놓고 299개의 웹 페이지를 점검 하였을 경우, 2분 12.67초가 소요되었고, 수집 모델을 10개로 생성하여 점검 하였을 경우 12.33초가 소요됨을 알 수 있었다. As internet becomes widespread, a lot of information is opened to public and users of Internet can access effectively information using web searching service. To construct web searching service, the web searching method for collecting of information is needed to obtain web page view. As a number of web page view increases, it is necessary to collect information of high quality information to be searched, therefore, a variety of web engine for searching mechanism is developed. Method of link extraction with javascript in dynamic web page and design of web searching robot are presented m this paper. To evaluate performance analyzes, we fixed one searching model with the proposed method. The searching time takes 2 minute 67 sec for 299 web pages and 12.33 sec for 10 searching model.

With the rapid development of Web, personalized and dynamic web pages have increasing dominated current-day WWW traffic. It is an urgent problem to solve that how to save bandwidth and reduce latency for the users. Although the whole dynamic pages can not be cached, web pages from the same web site tend to contain many of the same fragments. Fragment-based caching is an effective solution for the delivery of dynamic web pages, however, good methods are needed for dividing web pages into fragments. Manual markup of fragments in dynamic web pages is labor-intensive, error-prone, and unscalable. This paper proposes a model for efficient delivery of dynamic web pages with automatic detection of shared fragments. This model can automatically detect the shared fragments in large collections of web pages. Experimental results show that the model can reduce more latency and save more bandwidth efficiently.

Web pages have become fundamental in conveying information for companies and individuals, yet designing web page layouts remains a challenging task for inexperienced individuals despite web builders and templates. Visual containment, in which elements are grouped together and placed inside container elements, is an efficient design strategy for organizing elements in a limited display, and is widely implemented in most web page designs. Yet, visual containment has not been explicitly addressed in the research on generating layouts from scratch, which may be due to the lack of hierarchical structure. In this work, we represent such visual containment as a layout tree, and formulate the layout design task as a hierarchical optimization problem. We first estimate the layout tree from a given a set of elements, which is then used to compute tree‐aware energies corresponding to various desirable design properties such as alignment or spacing. Using an optimization approach also allows our method to naturally incorporate user intentions and create an interactive web design application. We obtain a dataset of diverse and popular real‐world web designs to optimize and evaluate various aspects of our method. Experimental results show that our method generates better quality layouts compared to the baseline method.

The LASP Extended Metadata Repository (LEMR) is a semantically enabled repository of information (metadata) about the scientific datasets that LASP offers to the public. The repository enables the provision of consistent, current, verified metadata to our users. It serves as a Single Source of Truth for this information, enabling more rigorous metadata management and addressing problems related to duplication of information. The linked open data aspect of the repository allows interlinking of concepts both within and across organizations and web sites. Associated interfaces allow users to browse and search the metadata. This information can be dynamically incorporated into web pages, so web page content is always up-to-date and consistent across the lab. With this information we can generate metadata records in a variety of schemas, such as ISO or SPASE, allowing federation with other organizations interested in our data. We leveraged open source technologies to build the repository and the dynamic web pages that read from it. VIVO, an open source semantic web application, provided key capabilities such as ontology and triple store management interfaces. AngularJS, an open source JavaScript framework for building web dynamic applications, was also invaluable in developing web pages that provide semantically enabled public interfaces to the metadata. In this paper we discuss our use of these tools and what we had to craft in order to meet our lab-specific needs.

Dynamic web pages are widely used by web applications to provide a better user experience and to attract more web users. The web applications use client-side and server-side scripts to provide dynamic behavior to the web pages. Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) attack uses malicious scripts and links injected into the trusted webpages to steal sensitive data from the victims. In this work, the experimental results obtained using machine learning algorithms (Random Forest Classifier, MLP Classifier, Gen ELM Classifier, Naïve Bayes, Support Vector Machine, and K Neighbours Classifier) for the prediction of XSS attack and phishing websites attacks are implemented. This is done using the features based on normal and malicious URLs and JavaScript. Random Forest Classifier gave better results than MLP Classifier, Gen ELM Classifier, Naïve Bayes, Support Vector Machine, and K Neighbours Classifier based on the features extracted from URL and JavaScript code. All the algorithms gave comparatively better results with discretized attributes, but a noticeable difference in performance was seen only in the case of SVM. A detailed literature survey is presented and proposes a new approach to detect phishing websites by features extraction and machine learning algorithm.

With a growing population of elderly people, more Web pages designed for the elderly appear. The design of Web pages not only is required to meet the physical characteristics of the elderly, but also needs to meet the characteristics of elderly visual behaviors. This study aims to investigate the strategy of elderly people in visual search and browse on Web pages using eye-tracking. The experimental results showed that, in visual search, the elderly people were under a higher mental load, and more likely to pay attention to the peripheral area; whereas in visual browse, their mental load is lower, and more likely to pay attention to central area. The results indicate that, the Web pages designed for the elderly should try to put the title with the hyperlink feature on the peripheral area, and put the main information content on the central area. Furthermore, it should take measures to reduce the mental stress of the elderly in visual search on Web pages.

Eye tracking studies have been conducted to understand the visual attention in different scenarios like, for example, how people read text, which graphical elements in a visualization are frequently attended, how they drive a car, or how they behave during a shopping task. All of these scenarios - either static or dynamic - show a visual stimulus in which the spectators are not able to change the visual content they see. This is different if interaction is allowed like in (graphical) user interfaces (UIs), integrated development environments (IDEs), dynamic web pages (with different user-defined states), or interactive displays in general as in human-computer interaction, which gives a viewer the opportunity to actively change the stimulus content. Typically, for the analysis and visualization of time-varying visual attention paid to a web page, there is a big difference for the analytics and visualization approaches - algorithmically as well as visually - if the presented web page stimulus is static or dynamic, i.e. time-varying, or dynamic in the sense that user interaction is allowed. In this paper we discuss the challenges for visual analysis concepts in order to analyze the recorded data, in particular, with the goal to improve interactive stimuli, i.e., the layout of a web page, but also the interaction concept. We describe a data model which leads to interaction graphs, a possible way to analyze and visualize this kind of eye movement data.

Effects of screen resolution and column ratio on search performance and subjective preferences

The visual complexity of Web pages is much talked about; “complex Web pages are difficult to use,” but often regarded as a subjective decision by the user. This subjective decision is of limited use if we wish to understand the importance of visual complexity, what it means, and how it can be used. We theorize that by understanding a user's visual perception of Web page complexity, we can understand the cognitive effort required for interaction with that page. This is important because by using an easily identifiable measure, such as visual complexity, as an implicit marker of cognitive load, we can design Web pages which are easier to interact with. We have devised an initial empirical experiment, using card sorting and triadic elicitation, to test our theories and assumptions, and have built an initial baseline sequence of 20 Web pages along with a library of qualitative and anecdotal feedback. Using this library, we define visual complexity, ergo perceived interaction complexity, and by taking these pages as “prototypes” and ranking them into a sequence of complexity, we are able to group them into: simple, neutral, and complex. This means we can now work toward a definition of visual complexity as an implicit measure of cognitive load.