Restoring the Unity of Knowledge: Antonio Rosmini towards Transdisciplinary Instance

According to almost all modern Constitutions, political power is charged with the protec-tion of human dignity. Nevertheless, the concept of human dignity remains somehow am-biguous. This is not, in fact, surprising: this paper, given on 7th May 2012 at the inaugura-tion of the ‘Antonio Rosmini’ Research and Study Centre, points to the same ambiguity within Kant’s practical philosophy, which is usually turned to as being the basis of the concept of human dignity. Only recently has the latter also become a juridical problem, es-pecially in regard to bioethical questions. From a juridical point of view, the relationship between dignity and justice seems to be the most problematic aspect. From this perspec-tive, human dignity can be seen as the link between morality and law, as long as it makes clear that the foundations of law have not been created by law itself: they are distinct from it and represent its true beginning.

Nowadays, the worlds of lowlands’ indigenous people are dynamic and complex. Traditional and modern practices, cosmological and pragmatic elements, cross each other in an original way, redefining their particular realities in a historical contingency characterized by wider political and social implications. Doing ethnography among the Maxakali, an indigenous people from the North East of Minas Gerais State in Brazil, involves confronting a lot of roles, positions, boundaries and epistemological and ethical problems, that show us the dilemmas of the ethnographic practice and of the anthropological discourse. Still engaged in a fieldwork experience with a Maxakali community, I´ll try to shed light on some of the complex dimensions – human, epistemological, political – that are involved in doing ethnography and producing knowledge about the other. Through a critical and reflexive analyses of the self presence in the fieldwork, the ethnography is investigated as an inter-subjective and sensible social practice – as well as the practices observed by the ethnographer – that occurs in a field of historical and epistemological asymmetries. A reflexion about the personal, social and political conjectures of the research finally claims for a more explicit commitment of the anthropologist, as an intellectual and political ally of the co-participant of his fieldwork.

This thesis work presents the implementation and validation of image processing problems in hardware to estimate the performance and precision gain. It compares the implementation for the addressed problem on a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) with a software implementation for a General Purpose Processor (GPP) architecture. For both solutions the implementation costs for their development is an important aspect in the validation. The analysis of the flexibility and extendability that can be achieved by a modular implementation for the FPGA design was another major aspect. This work is based upon approaches from previous work, which included the detection of Binary Large OBjects (BLOBs) in static images and continuous video streams [13, 15]. One addressed problem of this work is the tracking of the detected BLOBs in continuous image material. This has been implemented for the FPGA platform and the GPP architecture. Both approaches have been compared with respect to performance and precision. This research project is motivated by the MI6 project of the Computer Vision research group, which is located at the Bonn-Rhein-Sieg University of Applied Sciences. The intent of the MI6 project is the tracking of a user in an immersive environment. The proposed solution is to attach a light emitting device to the user for tracking the created light dots on the projection surface of the immersive environment. Having the center points of those light dots would allow the estimation of the user’s position and orientation. One major issue that makes Computer Vision problems computationally expensive is the high amount of data that has to be processed in real-time. Therefore, one major target for the implementation was to get a processing speed of more than 30 frames per second. This would allow the system to realize feedback to the user in a response time which is faster than the human visual perception. One problem that comes with the idea of using a light emitting device to represent the user, is the precision error. Dependent on the resolution of the tracked projection surface of the immersive environment, a pixel might have a size in cm2. Having a precision error of only a few pixels, might lead to an offset in the estimated user’s position of several cm. In this research work the development and validation of a detection and tracking system for BLOBs on a Cyclone II FPGA from Altera has been realized. The system supports different input devices for the image acquisition and can perform detection and tracking for five to eight BLOBs. A further extension of the design has been evaluated and is possible with some constraints. Additional modules for compressing the image data based on run-length encoding and sub-pixel precision for the computed BLOB center-points have been designed. For the comparison of the FPGA approach for BLOB tracking a similar implementation in software using a multi-threaded approach has been realized. The system can transmit the detection or tracking results on two available communication interfaces, USB and RS232. The analysis of the hardware solution showed a similar precision for the BLOB detection and tracking as the software approach. One problem is the strong increase of the allocated resources when extending the system to process more BLOBs. With one of the applied target platforms, the DE2-70 board from Altera, the BLOB detection could be extended to process up to thirty BLOBs. The implementation of the tracking approach in hardware required much more effort than the software solution. The design of high level problems in hardware for this case are more expensive than the software implementation. The search and match steps in the tracking approach could be realized more efficiently and reliably in software. The additional pre-processing modules for sub-pixel precision and run-length-encoding helped to increase the system’s performance and precision.

The importance of reflexivity in social sciences is now undisputed. Various sociological and philosophical perspectives have pointed out the impossibility of the objective character of knowledge. Hence, social sciences categories need to be investigated questioning both researcher’s gaze and involvement in his/her empirical field, and research practices. The aim is shedding light on the process of knowledge and common sense construction. This new epistemological consciousness is particularly urgent above all in the light of the rapid pace of social and cultural change in global societies. We urgently need to perfect our theoretical and empirical tool-kit for tackling the spatial movement of contemporary social actors. The aim of my paper is to shed light on categories like migration, mobility and tourism from a ‘generational perspective’. Starting from the results of recent qualitative study on contemporary youth condition and the role that geographical mobility plays in young people’s transition to adulthood, my paper sets out to explore the categories of migration, mobility and tourism.

The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore the spirituality of a small sample of teachers in Catholic schools through the expressions of their own personal understanding of spirituality. The study was conducted in a biographical, narrative way which allowed the voices of the participating teachers to be heard. This research inquiry addressed the contemporary problem of the ambiguous relationship between religion and spirituality within a culture that is predominantly secular. The cultural religious overlay (in this case, Catholicism) which once served to identify and define spirituality and its practices for many Catholics, no longer provides a meaningful reference point for a significant number of those baptised in the Catholic faith. This problem presents a substantial challenge for church schools grounded in the Catholic tradition, which set out to educate young people religiously and to help induct them into the Catholic Church. Identifying and interpreting how the personal spirituality of teachers was expressed makes a helpful contribution to clarifying some of the issues within this problem. It could shed some light on the ways in which the spirituality of teachers related to the Catholic school’s intended role in educating young Catholics and promoting an integration of faith, life and culture. The study was located in the context of four aspects of spirituality identified in the literature. The first two considered spirituality in a broad way, regarding it as an intrinsic human capacity and then traced the ways this had been expressed over the centuries in the Christian tradition. The second two aspects centred on an exploration of more specific contemporary expressions of spirituality. The first of these was concerned with exploring the normative Catholic Church documents and the current religious education theory of Shared Christian Praxis. The fourth aspect was the literature which focussed specifically on the spirituality of teachers. As the study explored the perceptions of teachers regarding their personal spirituality, the research design was situated within the interpretivist model. The investigation occurred inside the interpretive tradition of phenomenology which provided access to many facets of the human experience. Constructionism through the lens of symbolic interactionism and intersubjectivity provided the epistemological framework. This allowed for meaning to be created personally and for participants to express different perceptions of similar experiences. The key data gathering strategy was three interviews with each of the 5 participants. While it was recognised that this was a relatively small sample, it allowed for prolonged time with each participant to explore spirituality across a range of experiences. Spirituality was therefore iii identified within a broad spectrum inclusive of the religious and secular. The NVivo qualitative research program was used to assist with the analysis of the interview data and ensured that the analytical categories remained close to the words used by the participants Conclusions from the study highlighted the interpersonal ways in which spirituality was understood and expressed in the themes of relationality, connectedness and belonging. The capacity for presence, combined with attitudes of listening and empathy were seen as important pathways to experience transcendence, described by the participants as “something other,” “something beyond” or “mystery.” The study acknowledged that although spirituality may be regarded as an innate human potential, it needed to be awakened and nurtured for this capacity to be realised. Therefore recommendations were proposed for informing programmes that intended to promote ongoing spiritual development for educators in Catholic schools.

Metric-based Evaluation of Implemented Software Architectures

The fact that (pre-)knowledge must be addressed in class has been widely recognized in the scientific community for several years now. Fortunately, a growing number of studies on learners' conceptions of the Internet, computers, smartphones and other computer science related topics is the academic response to constructivist epistemology. However, many of these contributions unfortunately end after a presentation and discussion of the results, without concrete recommendations for teachers on how to methodologically deal with (typical mis-)conceptions. Therefore, based on research-based teaching practices of other science didactics, this contribution introduces various teaching tools into the field of computer science education by exemplarily adapting them to the results of research on learners' conceptions of computing system architecture.

<p>This study discusses the essence, approach, and method of the epistemology of Islamic education and its urgency to developing Islamic education in the modern era. The discussion will clarify the reasons why Western education dominates and influences Islamic education, the epistemological system of the Islamic education, the renewal of the epistemology of the Islamic education, and efforts to build the epistemology of the Islamic education. This research is a conceptual study whose data is collected through library documentation and analyzed by content analysis method. The results show that 1) the epistemology of the Islamic education is a series of ways to find the theories and concepts of Islamic education, so as to solve various problems of Islamic education; 2) there are four epistemological approaches to the Islamic education: empirical, scientific, philosophical, and religious (theological). There are six epistemological methods of Islamic education, namely: rational, intuitive, dialogical, comparative, critical, and <em>‘ibrah</em>; 3) the urgency of the epistemology of Islamic education in developing Islamic education in the modern era is to filter Western thought or shield from the influence of Western epistemology, reform Islamic education without removing idealism (characteristic of Islam), integration of Islamic education with the national education system.</p>

Bergama'da 1878 de Carl Humann tarafindan arkeolojik kazilarin baslatilmasi ve her gecen gun onemli buluntularin ortaya cikmasi kentin baskin olarak arkeolojik ozellikleriyle anilmasi­ni saglamis ve saglamaktadir. Ornegin 1968 yilina ait imar planinda arkeolo­jik alan uzerinde yer alan geleneksel kent do­kusunun dondurularak gelismesinin kisitlan­masi ve zamanla bu alanlarin bosaltilarak arke­olojik kazilara terk edilmesi ongorulmustur. Antikcag yapilarina verilen onem, diger taraf­tan geleneksel konutlarin muhafazasina do­layli olarak katkida bulunmus; geleneksel ko­nut dokusu altindaki antik kentin zarar gorme­mesi icin, var olan yapilasma dondurulmus; yeni yapilasmalar icin bu alanlar disinda, gele­neksel dokunun guneyinde yeni iskân alanlari acilmistir. 1976 tarihinde Bergama'nin alanlari ve sinirlari Gayrimenkul Eski Eserler ve Anitlar Yuksek Kurulunca (GEEAYK) tescil edilmistir. ilani kararini takiben, Berga­ma'nin antik Pergamon kentinin kalintilari uze­rinde gelismis belli alanlari, korunmasi gerekli kentsel dokuya sahip olmasi nedeniyle ve Arkeolojik olarak 1983 yilin­da tescil edilmis ve 1984'te tekrar degerlendi­rilmistir, Bergama gibi cok katmanli kentlerde, tanimi konana kadar gecen surede, kurullari tarafindan yanlis ka­rarlarin alinmasinin yani sira tereddutler, dola­yisiyla karar uretememe durumlari soz konu­su olmustur. Bu tikaniklik, SIT tanimindan 20 yil sonra 1993'te Kultur ve Tabiat Varliklari Koruma Yuksek Kurulunun ilke kararindaki tanimi ve ko­sullarinin belirlenmesiyle asilmistir. Bergama'da da koruma amacli imar planina kadar gecerli olacak gecis donemi yapilas­ma kosullari m belirleyen karar, ilanindan 18 yil sonra, 2001 yilinda kentin bu alanlarinin, Izmir 2 numarali Kultur ve Tabiat Varliklari Koruma Kurulunca Kentsel Arkeolo­jik olarak ilan edilmesiyle alinmistir. Bu karara gore Bergama kenti alanlari. Kent­sel SIT, 1. derece SIT, 2. derece ve 3. derece olarak tanimlanmistir. Bu kararlar sonucunda, alani icinde yer atan evler, onarim dahi yapilamayan, harap an­cak ozgun yapilar olarak gunumuze ulasmistir. Kentin guneyinde yeni yapilasma alanlarinin olusturulmasindan sonra, alani icindeki geleneksel dokuda, evlerini birakmak isteme­yen, apartman yasamina uyum saglayamayan ve eski komsuluk iliskilerini surdurmek iste­yen yasli nufus kalmistir. Bu geleneksel doku­nun diger kullanicilari ise civar koylerden gelip buraya yerlesen dusuk gelir grubuna ait kulla­nicilardir. kultur varliklari envanter calismasiyla kentte harap fakat ozgun olarak gunumuze ulasmis onemli sayida konut oldugu, pek cok konutun enderlik degeri tasidigi ortaya kon­mustur. Bergama (izmir) Kultur Varliklari En­vanter Projesinin ucuncu ve son donem calis­masi 6-17 Eylul 2005 tarihlerinde Bergama da gerceklestirilen alan calismasiyla tamamlan­mistir. Pek cok uygarligi iceren, cok katmanli bir kent olan Bergama'da, sinirlan ve tanimi, bu envanter calismasi­nin basladigi 2003 yilindaki degisiklikler disin­da, Mart 2004 te izmir 2 numarali Kultur ve Ta­biat Varliklari Koruma Kurulunda alinan kararla, Kentsel + 3. derece olarak degistirilmis ve sinin guneye, Gazipasa Mahal­lesine dogru genisletilmistir (lev. 1: sek. 1). Kultur Varliklarinin yer aldigi mahalle­ler, Bergama Cayinin kuzeyindeki alanda Ulu-cami, Talatpasa, Kurtulus mahalleleri, Berga­ma Cayinin guneyinde ise Selcuk, Barbaros, Atmaca, Islamsaray, Turabey, Inkilâp, Gazipa­sa, Ertugrul ve Zafer mahalleleridir. 2005 yilin­da, Bergama Cayinin kuzeyinde Talatpasa ve Kurtulus mahallelerinde, Bergama Cayinin gu­neyinde ise Selcuk, Atmaca, islamsaray, Tu­rabey, Inkilâp, Gazipasa, Ertugrul ve Zafer ma­hallelerinde envanter calismasi gerceklestiril­mistir (lev. 2: sek. 2). Bergama Kuttur Varliktan Envanteri yapilirken calisma alanimizin sinirlan (lev. 1: sek. 1), Kultur ve Tabiat Varliklari Koruma Ku­rulu tarafindan onaylanmis sinirlari disinda, eski yerlesim dokusunu gosteren belgelerden de yararlanilarak belir­lenmistir. Bergama'da 2005 yilinda. 2003 ve 2004 yilla­rinda gerceklestirilen alan calismalarinda oldu­gu gibi Bergama Cayinin iki yakasinda, iki ayri grup tarafindan catisma gerceklestirilmistir. 6-17 Eylul 2005 tarihleri arasinda 7 kisilik ekip­le toplam 100 yapi adasinda calisilmis, 713'u anit olmak uzere, 814 adet envanter formu hazirlanmistir. 102 yapinin plan krokisi yapil­mis, 4440 adet dijital fotograf cekilmistir. Boy­lece 2003 yilindan itibaren, uc yillik envanter calismasi sonucunda 160'i yerlesme, 1501'i anit envanteri olmak uzere, toplam 1661 adet envanter formu hazirlanmis, 390 adet plan krokisi yapilmis ve 9718 adet dijital fotograf cekilmistir. kultur varliktan envanter calismasin­da, konutlarin yapim tarihleri ve mimari ozel­likleri bir arada degerlendirildiginde Berga­ma'daki konut mimarisinin gelisim sureci or­taya cikmaktadir. 2005 yilina ait alan calisma­sinda, nitelikli ve korunmaya deger Cumhuri­yet devri konut yapilarinin, onceki yillarda cali­silan alanlardakinden daha yogun olarak yer aldigi saptanmistir. Geleneksel kent dokusunun yeni yapilasma alanlariyla birlestigi yerdeki yogun yok edilisi­ne bagli olarak, kultur varligi sayisi azaldigin­dan, Bergama kentsel kultur varliklari evanteri ongorulenden daha once tamamlanmis bu­lunmaktadir. Envanteri yapilan kultur varliklari sayisi, mevcut tescilli yapi sayisinin yaklasik uc katidir. Bergama kentsel kultur varliklari envanteri dogrultusunda, alanlarinin bo­yutlarinda ve niteliklerinde degisiklikler yapil­masi gerekecektir. 2003 yilinda baslayan Bergama kentsel kultur varliklari envanter calismasi 2004 yilinda de­vam etmis ve 2005 yilinda sonuclanmistir. En­vanterlerin Kultur-Kitap veritabanina aktaril­masi ise 2006 yilinda tamamlanmistir.

The aim of this research is to identify the typology of Tamil Hindu temples were used on the architectural design of Graha Katolik Annai Velangkanni. As for the results of the research are Graha Katolik Annai Velangkanni adopted a form of Dravidian Tamil Hindu typology Style located in South India, with a pyramid-shaped tower with a shrink over the stair steps. It has seven levels of the building that symbolizes perfection and seven heavens, as well as three dome that symbolizes to Holy Trinity. One of the uniqueness in adopting the form of the Hindu Tamil Temple is in the zone of the altar (2nd floor), there is the opening up penetrate to the rear Tower as a place to enter the light from above so that the space feels more sacred altar with its natural lighting from the top of the tower. This typology is drawn from the concept of typology building Hindu temples namely space garbaha griha who continuously to the tower roof of vemana. The adoption of the other elements is taken from the form of animals (Peacock) and plants (Lotus, kalpataru and banana trees) where the ornaments found in the temples of Shrie Mariamman is a person (God), animals (elephants, birds) and plants (Lotus)

The swing of the pendulum between centralization and decentralization of the higher education (HE) system has generally been towards the former in the Iranian context in the past decade. This has prompted some academics, particularly those who find their disciplines left out to react by highlighting intrinsic differences in teaching and studying methods across the HE spectrum. Built Environment disciplines are no exceptions in this regard as their interdisciplinary nature has always made it difficult to classify them as science, art or engineering, and hence to expect research and study methods associated with either. The present research initially started not to highlight the differences between Built Environment and other libraries, but to scrutinize the ways in which this particular library is used. Further examinations cast light on managerial and cultural issues behind what authors believe to be the underuse of the library. However, the research also highlighted possible discipline-specific reasons for such underuse. Authors are convinced, however, that not only what is considered as norms in library usage standards should be applied to this library cautiously, but also that there is a need to rethink the role of a library in research and teaching excellence in this particular context.

This research is aimed at identifying the manifestation of power and ideologies through modality choices used by SMH. This is qualitative research in which to answer the research questions Fairclough’s CDA, Bybee’s, et al (1994) and Frawley’s (1992) concept of modality were used. From the 98 total data from SMH, this Australian newspaper, expresses both epistemic and deontic modal meaning in the same frequency which is 0,32% for the deontic meanings and 0,31 for epistemic meaning. In terms of lexical verbs expressing SMH employed 0,03% for deontic meaning and 0,72% for epistemic meaning. In terms of adverb, this Australian newspaper employed 0,01% for epistemic meanings but non for deontic meaning. In terms of adjective, this newspaper employed 0,02% for epistemic meaning but none for deontic meaning and the last category is multi word units, this newspaper employed 0,04 % multi word units from the total 98 data. These use of modality expressions represents SMH’s interests in exposing the inferiority of the Jakarta International School and its staffs, and the “quality” of the legal process in Indonesia. Keywords : Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA), modality choices, Sydney Morning Herald, Ideology.

Despite the interdisciplinary bent of legal scholars, the academy has yet to identify an empirical methodology that is uniquely its own. We propose that one standard social science technique - content analysis - could form the basis for an empirical methodology that is uniquely legal. It holds the potential for bringing social science rigor to our empirical understanding of caselaw, and therefore for creating what is distinctively a legal form of empiricism. To explore this potential, we collected all 122 examples we could find that use content analysis to study judicial opinions, and coded them for pertinent features. Legal scholars began to code and count cases decades ago, but use of this method did not accelerate until about 15 years ago. Most applications are home-grown, with no effort to draw on established social science techniques. To provide methodological guidance, we survey the questions that legal scholars have tried to answer through content analysis, and use that experience to generalize about the strengths and weaknesses of the technique compared with conventional interpretive legal methods. The epistemological roots of content analysis lie in legal realism. Any question that a lawyer might ask about what courts say or do can be studied more objectively using one of the four distinct components of content analysis: 1) replicable selection of cases; 2) objective coding of cases; 3) counting case contents for descriptive purposes; or 4) statistical analysis of case coding. Each of these components contributes something of unique epistemological value to legal research, yet at each of these four stages, some legal scholars have objected to the technique. The most effective response is to recognize that content analysis does not occupy the same epistemological ground as conventional legal scholarship. Instead, each method renders different kinds of insights that complement each other, so that, together, the two approaches to understanding caselaw are more powerful that either alone. Content analysis is best used when each decision should receive equal weight, that is, when it is appropriate to regard the content of opinions as generic data. Scholars have found that it is especially useful in studies that question or debunk conventional legal wisdom. Content analysis also holds promise in the study of the connections between judicial opinions and other parts of the social, political, or economic landscape. The strongest application is when the subject of study is simply the behavior of judges in writing opinions or deciding cases. Then, content analysis combines the analytical skills of the lawyer with the power of science that comes from articulated and replicable methods. However, analyzing the cause-and-effect relationship between the outcome of cases and the legally relevant factors presented by judges to justify their decisions raises a serious circularity problem. Therefore, content analysis is not an especially good tool for helping lawyers to predict the outcome of cases based on real-world facts. This article also provides guidance on the best practices for using this research method. We identify techniques that meet standards of social science rigor and account for the practical needs of legal researchers. These techniques include methods for case sampling, coder training, reliability testing, and statistical analysis. It is not necessary to practice this method profitably only at its highest level. Instead, we show that valuable uses can be made even by those who are largely innumerate.

Recently, the Issue of absent Identity in our contemporary Urbanization has occupied greatimportance particularly in the fields of architecture and urban design, since urbanization outcome ofthe contemporary cities lacks characteristics that provide it with its unique urban identity or placeidentity, that emerges from the natural, built and cultural characteristics of the local community.Urbanization being a reflection for the local community characteristics is the correlation andbelonging function between the community and the city and thus be the place, elsewhere, separationand alienation occur between the community and the city and thus be Placelessness, whichnecessitates the work in this research to reach an integrative design approach in the field of urbandesign that supports giving the urbanization outcome unique place identity, since urban designcarries the first and last responsibility of place making process.The research aims at determining the concept of place identity and its basic elements, in addition tothe concept of urban design, the dimensions of urban design process and its role in construction ofplace identity, to reach an integrated approach in urban design that ensures the emerge of an urbanproduct characterized by belonging to the environment where it is constructed and also respects thecommunity spatial characteristics and its cultural attitudes supporting the future of place identity.This study reached the effectiveness of the urban design in forming the urban identity for the cityand giving it distinguishing , uniqueness and civilized continuity or giving it nonidentity ,disappearance and death , frequently the study managed to formation an overall approach for theurban design process which confirms the duality of the inputs of the concrete ( the built features andnatural features of the environment) abstract ( social cultural features of the environment) to reflexdual outputs concrete ( urban environment belonging to its built natural context) abstract ( urbanenvironment belonging to its social cultural context – meets the needs and hopes its society sooneror later ) it is what supports structure of the place identity and its civilized continuity at light of itsability to keep up the technological scientific development sooner or later.

Fil: Denegri, Guillermo Maria. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Biologia. Laboratorio de Zoonosis Parasitarias; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico Conicet - Mar del Plata; Argentina