Retraction Notice: Investigating the Benefits of Machine Learning Algorithms for Text Classification

Research has shown that Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) can be effectively applied to text classification as part of a predictive coding protocol. That said, most research to date has been conducted on data sets with short documents that do not reflect the variety of documents in real world document reviews. Using data from four actual reviews with documents of varying lengths, we compared CNN with other popular machine learning algorithms for text classification, including Logistic Regression, Support Vector Machine, and Random Forest. For each data set, classification models were trained with different training sample sizes using different learning algorithms. These models were then evaluated using a large randomly sampled test set of documents, and the results were compared using precision and recall curves. Our study demonstrates that CNN performed well, but that there was no single algorithm that performed the best across the combination of data sets and training sample sizes. These results will help advance research into the legal profession's use of machine learning algorithms that maximize performance.

The majority of the data is preserved as text (about 75%), hence It is believed that text mining has a significant commercial potential. Unstructured texts continue to be the most readily available source of knowledge, despite the fact that knowledge may be accessed in many other places. Text classification that assigns documents to predetermined categories. Machine learning approaches can categories texts more accurately. The goal of this work is to introduce text classification, give a description of the text classification technique, a general review of the classifiers, and a comparison of a few of the current classifiers. It is based on performance, time complexity, and other factors. On the basis of speed, accuracy, benefits, and drawbacks of existing classification methods such as Decision Tree, Naive Bayes, Support Vector Machine, and k-Nearest Neighbours are compared.

In the past decades, the speed development of the Web and a large amount of data published through the Web have made it the largest public data source in the world. The network has become a carrier of massive information. How to efficiently classify text for the acquired massive information is a hot issue of current research. The traditional machine learning algorithms for text classification have many disadvantages such as inconspicuous text features, long training period and loss of word order. This article puts forward a BERT model based method for technology information text auto-Categoriz to improve the accuracy text classification of science and technology information. The results suggest that the using method has significantly improved accuracy, recall and fl_score, and has a good Chinese text classification effect.

The text type is a vital undertaking within the realm of gadget-gaining knowledge of algorithms and can contain classifying text files into predefined classes. Text category is used in many herbal language processing obligations, sentiment evaluation, topic modeling, and record summarization. Design techniques for device mastering algorithms for textual content categories contain information preprocessing, feature engineering, model choice, and evaluation. Records preprocessing requires expertise in text information and includes the stairs of tokenizing the text records, removing stopwords, acting stemming and lemmatization, part-of-speech tagging, and vectorization. Feature engineering, which is a step that requires domain expertise, applies strategies consisting of feature selection, function extraction, and feature transformation. Version choice and optimization techniques, including hyperparameter tuning and version choice, are used to choose the most appropriate studying algorithm for the task. Lastly, assessment metrics evaluate the model's effectiveness, including accuracy, precision, remembering, and f-ratings. On average, these layout techniques are critical components while growing a successful text-type model.

This is a temporary expression of concern. After publication, IEEE learned that the article contains tortured, or nonsensical, phrases which may impact the reliability of the results. The article is under investigation by a duly constituted expert committee and this note will remain appended to the article until the review process is complete.

Machine learning today becomes more and more effective instrument to solve many particular problems, where there are difficulties to apply well known and described math model. In other words - it is a great tool to describe nonlinear phenomena. We tried to use this technique to improve existing process of stratigraphy and lithology interpretation and reduce costs on site by applying computer leaded predictions on the basis of existing on-field collected data. Article describes usage of machine learning algorithms for several geology data stratigraphy and lithology boundaries classification based on geophysics logging data for deposits in Kazakhstan. Correct marking of stratigraphy and lithology from geophysics logging data is complex non-linear task. To solve this task we applied several algorithms of machine learning: random forest, logistic regression, gradient boosting (scikit-learn library), k - nearest neighbour (KNN) and XGBoost.

A novel approach to supervised learning, called Lattice Machine, was proposed in [5]. In the Lattice Machine, it was assumed that data are structured as relations. In this paper we investigate the application of the Lattice Machine in the area of text classification, where textual data are unstructured. We represent a set of textual documents as a collection of Boolean feature vectors, where each vector corresponds to one document and each entry in a tuple indicates whether a particular term appears in the document. This is a common representation of textual documents. We show that using this representation, the Lattice Machine’s operations are simply set theoretic operations. In particular, the lattice sum operation is simply set intersection and the ordering relationship is simply set inclusion. Experiments show that the Lattice Machine, under this configuration, is quite competitive with state-of-the-art learning algorithms for text classification.

Text length considered adaptive bagging ensemble learning algorithm for text classification

Thyroid disorders, affecting millions of individuals across the globe, require prompt and reliable diagnosis for optimal treatment and better patient results. On the other hand, conventional diagnostic tools are usually time-consuming and human-biased. This paper reviews an exploratory comparison of several machine learning (ML) algorithms for early diagnosis and classification of thyroid diseases based on their ability to automatize and hence the medical diagnosis. Through the comparison of the strengths and weaknesses of various ML methods, we assess them in terms of accuracy, precision, F1 score, and their applicability to clinical use. Our study utilizes datasets containing thyroid-related factors such as age, gender, TSH, T3 followed by feature selection and compares the performance of various ML techniques for thyroid disease. The purpose of this study is to contribute to the expanding literature on how machine learning can be effectively used for diagnosis enhancement of thyroid diseases and classify it into: hypothyroid, hyperthyroid, euthyroid.

In this work, we studied the use of Quantum Machine Learning (QML) algorithms for binary classification and compared their performance with classical Machine Learning (ML) methods. QML merges principles of Quantum Computing (QC) and ML, offering improved efficiency and potential quantum advantage in data-driven tasks and when solving complex problems. In binary classification, where the goal is to assign data to one of two categories, QML uses quantum algorithms to process large datasets efficiently. Quantum algorithms like Quantum Support Vector Machines (QSVM) and Quantum Neural Networks (QNN) exploit quantum parallelism and entanglement to enhance performance over classical methods. This study focuses on two common QML algorithms, Quantum Support Vector Classifier (QSVC) and QNN. We used the Qiskit software and conducted the experiments with three different datasets. Data preprocessing included dimensionality reduction using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and standardization using scalers. The results showed that quantum algorithms demonstrated competitive performance against their classical counterparts in terms of accuracy, while QSVC performed better than QNN. These findings suggest that QML holds potential for improving computational efficiency in binary classification tasks. This opens the way for more efficient and scalable solutions in complex classification challenges and shows the complementary role of quantum computing.

Machine Learning Algorithms for Stratigraphy Classification on Uranium Deposits

Image classification is critical in computer vision, with numerous applications ranging from e-commerce to medical imaging. This study provides a comprehensive evaluation of traditional machine learning algorithms for image classification, implementing and analysing novel fault tolerance mechanisms amongst these algorithms. The authors compared the performance of K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), Decision Trees, Random Forest, and XGBoost on both Fashion MNIST and CIFAR-10 datasets. The comparison was extended to include Support Vector Machine (SVM), Logistic Regression, and Naive Bayes classifiers in order to expand the evaluation of these models on the indicated datasets. Key findings demonstrated the superiority of ensemble methods, particularly XGBoost, which achieved 89.31% of accuracy on Fashion MNIST and 54.93% on CIFAR-10, consistently outperforming other models across various configurations. Random Forest exhibited robust performance as the secondbest model, reaching 87.42% and 51.64% of accuracy on the respective datasets. The significant performance gap between datasets demonstrated the challenges that traditional machine learning models face with complex image data. Implementing the fault tolerance framework in this study has also shown a remarkable effectiveness, achieved a 94.6% recovery rate while maintaining model accuracy within 0.1% of standard implementations. This was achieved with minimal computational overhead (2.3% of training time and 1.8% of memory usage), making it highly practical for production deployments. The system significantly reduced operational failures, decreasing crashes from 5.2 to 0.3 per day and increasing average uptime from 4.3 to 12.0 hours. The study also reveals important insights regarding model scalability and resource requirements, with memory usage varying significantly across models (325MB to 8,923MB). These findings provide valuable guidance for practitioners in selecting and implementing machine learning models for image classification tasks, particularly in scenarios where both performance and system reliability are critical. This research contributes to the field by demonstrating the feasibility of implementing robust fault tolerance in machine learning systems without compromising accuracy while also providing comprehensive performance comparisons across different model architectures and dataset complexities. The developed framework serves as a foundation for building more reliable machine-learning systems for real-world applications.

Classification is a widely researched area in the machine learning and fuzzy communities with several approaches proposed by both communities. Some of the most relevant rule-based approaches from the machine learning community might include decision trees and rule inducers. The fuzzy community has also proposed many rule-based approaches, such as fuzzy decision trees and genetic fuzzy systems. This paper aims at comparing the models generated by rule-based methods for classification from both communities in terms of accuracy, and the induced rule set in terms of the syntactic complexity, taking into account the number of rules and average number of conjunctions in those rules. In general, models with lower syntactic complexity also show better interpretability, which is an important issue in knowledge acquisition. Results, using 10 datasets, a fuzzy C4.5 algorithm and two classic machine learning algorithms (C4.5 and PART), show that the fuzzy approach is able to produce lower error rates. Regarding the syntactic complexity of the models, PART produces in most cases the simplest models, although learning from different sets of features selected by filters. However, these simple models do not necessarily show a low error rate. Nevertheless, the induced fuzzy models inherit, from the fuzzy logic, the embedded ability of processing uncertainty and imprecision, avoiding the creation of rules using unnatural divisions of the attributes as the classic algorithms might do.

Advancements in the implementation of quantum hardware have enabled the acquisition of data that are intractable for emulation with classical computers. The integration of classical machine learning (ML) algorithms with these data holds potential for unveiling obscure patterns. Although this hybrid approach extends the class of efficiently solvable problems compared to using only classical computers, this approach has been only realized for solving restricted problems because of the prevalence of noise in current quantum computers. Here, we extend the applicability of the hybrid approach to problems of interest in many-body physics, such as predicting the properties of the ground state of a given Hamiltonian and classifying quantum phases. By performing experiments with various error-reducing procedures on superconducting quantum hardware with 127 qubits, we managed to acquire refined data from the quantum computer. This enabled us to demonstrate the successful implementation of theoretically suggested classical ML algorithms for systems with up to 44 qubits. Our results verify the scalability and effectiveness of the classical ML algorithms for processing quantum experimental data.

Parkinson Disease (PD) is a complex neurological disorder attributed by loss of neurons generating dopamine in the SN per compacta. Electroencephalogram (EEG) plays an important role in diagnosing PD as it offers a non-invasive continuous assessment of the disease progression and reflects these complex patterns. This study focuses on the non-linear analysis of resting state EEG signals in PD, with a gender-specific, brain region-specific, and EEG band-specific approach, utilizing recurrence plots (RPs) and machine learning (ML) algorithms for classification. For this an open EEG dataset consisting of 14 PD and 14 healthy (HC) subjects is utilized. Recurrence plots and cross-recurrence plots (CRPs) were constructed for each frequency band and brain region, extracting complexity measures such as determinism (DET) and entropy (ENT). The interpretability of the ML model decisions is investigated using explainability technique. The scattered distribution of points in RPs of male PD individuals reflects the complex and dynamic nature of abnormal brain function. Also, CRPs confirms the enhanced effect of Beta Gamma synchronization during PD in the Parietal region. Low DET and high ENT corresponds to the complex non-linear characteristics of EEG signals and brain neuronal circuits during PD condition in male subjects. The extracted recurrence features served as inputs to the ML models, which achieved high classification performance, across all the scenarios. This study demonstrates the potential of recurrence plot-based complexity analysis combined with machine learning for the gender-specific, region-specific, and band-specific assessment of EEG signals during resting state in Parkinson's disease.