Secure and User-Friendly Smart Home Automation: A Mobile-Centric IoT Approach

Home automation system has achieved an enormous reputation in recent years, as day-to-day life is getting simpler due to the speedy growth of modern technology. Various implemented systems have been offered in the sphere of Home Automation but have apparently failed to provide cost-effective solutions for the same. In this paper, we provide a low-cost smart Home Automation and Security System (HASS) using Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi), and Bluetooth. These materialize the concept of internetworking of smart devices. A Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) based on Wi-Fi is considered to monitor and control the smart environment, safety as well as electrical parameters of a smart interconnected home. The Android application-based Graphical User Interface (GUI) on a Smartphone is used to give facility to users for seamless control over the devices in a smart home. It may also consist of home security for example access control and alarm systems. When connected to the Internet, home devices are an important element of the Internet of Things (IoT). Home security includes both the security hardware placed on a property and individuals' personal security practices. Security devices consist of a door locking, alert alarm, lighting, motion detectors, and security camera system. Additionally, several special features include such as ensuring windows are closed, each door is locked, all alarms are activated, and extra keys are not secret outside.

The rapid advancement of the Internet of Things (IoT) has revolutionized home automation, enabling remote monitoring and control of household appliances with minimal human intervention. This paper presents a low-cost, flexible, and scalable smart home automation system leveraging IoT technology. The system integrates sensors such as Passive Infrared (PIR), IR, rain, and water level sensors with microcontrollers (Arduino Nano and NodeMCU) to provide real-time monitoring and control via a web-based interface. Key features include intrusion detection, environmental monitoring (IR leaks, water levels, and rainfall), and remote appliance control. The proposed system eliminates the need for a dedicated server, reducing costs while enhancing security and energy efficiency. Experimental results demonstrate successful implementation with real-time alerts and data visualization, validating the system’s reliability and practicality for modern smart homes. Key Words: IoT, Smart Home Automation, Arduino, NodeMCU, Security, Remote Monitoring

The world is moving fastly towards automation. People have less time to handle any work so automation is simple way to handle any device or machine will work to our desire. This paper aim is to develop and design a Home automation using Arduino with Bluetooth module. Home automation system gives a simple and reliable technology with Android application. Home appliances like fan, Bulb, AC, automatic door lock are controlled by Home automation system using Arduino Uno with Bluetooth module. The paper mainly focuses on the monitor and control of smart home by Andorid phone and provide a security based smart home, when the people does not present at home. This paper motive is controlled home appliances in smart home with user friendly, design at low cost, simple installation.

INTRODUCTION: Automation developments have significantly increased general convenience in modern technology. Our study focuses on developing and deploying an Internet of Things (IoT)–enabled smart home automation system that maximizes energy efficiency and improves convenience in residential settings. Our technology provides homes with an intelligent environment by smoothly combining several sensors, actuators, and communication protocols. We explore the challenges of creating a reliable and useful smart home systemthat works well in everyday situations. We investigate the difficulties, architectural issues, communication protocols, and security features specific to these systems.OBJECTIVES: This project aims to use a database server and Wi-Fi module to develop an effective and reasonably priced smart home automation system. It improves accessibility and convenience by enabling smartphone voice control of household appliances.METHODS: This project was developed using various implementation techniques, including wireless home automation via GSM technology, speech recognition-based systems, Blynk, and the Internet of Things. These techniques added up to a reliable and effective smart home system.RESULTS: Although it improved user routines, the IoT-based smart home system had latency problems. Interoperability issues are still present. Improvements were guided by user input. Using Blynk, our software manages loads remotely. CONCLUSION: A home automation system that is inexpensive and locally supplied can effectively operate household appliances. It is adaptable, scalable, and a component of future smart homes. IoT applications in real life revolutionize convenience and efficiency in living environments.

The Internet of Things (IoT) has been widely regarded as the driving force behind the transformation of our daily lives. Home automation, which is a key application of IoT, is becoming more prominent with the advent of smart homes. This trend is particularly evident as a growing number of households are seeking to integrate smart home automation systems into their daily routines. The concept behind IoT is simple, it involves the connection of daily life devices to the internet and vice versa, thus enabling them to communicate and carry out tasks autonomously or through remote commands from the user. IoT's intervention homes is vast and has several aspects of applications. In this study we will be discussing a few of those applications including home automation for control of home appliances without physical presence, monitoring of garden plants and autonomous or semi-autonomous irrigation systems, home security and surveillance using sensors for real-time alerts and alarms in case of unauthorized access.

Home automation is a modern technology that helps to enjoy comfortable living conditions inside the home. With home automation, data can be instantly collected and passed between devices and analyzed simultaneously. By connecting the home appliances with the internet, they can be easily accessed from anywhere. In the home automation system, settings are feasible through smartphones or other remote-control devices. This paper gives the design and implementation of a new voice- controlled home automation system that uses Google Assistant for giving user’s voice commands as input. It is a low cost and flexible home automation and monitoring system. It enables the user to use a home automation system based on the Internet of Things (IoT). Home appliances like fans and lights can be controlled. The fundamental purpose of this project is to control electronic appliances based on the situational demands of the user.

The project proposes an efficient implementation for IoT (Internet of Things) used for monitoring and controlling the home appliances via World Wide Web. Home automation system uses the portable devices as a user interface. They can communicate with home automation network through an Internet gateway, by means of low power communication protocols like Zigbee, Wi-Fi etc. This project aims at controlling home appliances via Smartphone using Wi-Fi as communication protocol and raspberry pi as server system. The user here will move directly with the system through a web-based interface over the web, whereas home appliances like lights, fan and door lock are remotely controlled through easy website. An extra feature that enhances the facet of protection from fireplace accidents is its capability of sleuthing the smoke in order that within the event of any fireplace, associates an alerting message and an image is sent to Smartphone. The server will be interfaced with relay hardware circuits that control the appliances running at home. The communication with server allows the user to select the appropriate device. The communication with server permits the user to pick out the acceptable device. The server communicates with the corresponding relays. If the web affiliation is down or the server isn't up, the embedded system board still will manage and operate the appliances domestically. By this we provide a climbable and price effective Home Automation system.

Internet of Things (IoT) devices are connected to the Internet and provide a variety of scopes in different projects and research domains. Smart home monitoring and automation largely depend on the usage of IoT devices. The concept of a smart home is now widely popular and a necessity in modern busy urban life. As most homeowner has to work at a distant workplace, it is a quite cumbersome job to monitor their household activity. In this paper, we address this issue and develop a prototype smart home system. The system contains IoT devices that are responsible for continuously sensing the home environment and sending the data to the Microcontroller. The microcontroller receives data and generates automated actions. We also connected the smart home system to a mobile Android application using the internet via a WiFi module. Thus, the homeowner can observe the current status of the home and will get a notification of the urgent situations in the application. We described the hardware requirement, software requirement, and connectivity of the devices. We ran different tests and checked the performance of the IoT sensors that were used. The developed prototype performed as expected and the integration of the smart home and Android application was quite smooth for monitoring and taking automated actions. GUB JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING, Vol 10(1), 2023 P 86-95

This paper presents a design and prototype implementation of a renewable energy-powered home with a basic home automation system using Internet Of things (IoT). The proposed system consists of two main parts; The first part consists of renewable energy (solar) power system where the power supplied to the house is produced from solar panel(s), which will be supplied to an inverter through a MPPT-based solar charge controller. A battery has been used in the system as a backup power supply which will be charged with the help of the charge controller. The excess power generated (when no home appliances are used and the battery is fully charged) will be supplied to the power grid or will be used to run an external AC motors such as water pumps. The second part consists of home automation using Internet Of things (IOT) using a Wi-Fi interface and an android application BLYNK. With the help of the mentioned android application BLYNK, the user will be able to know the current status of the lights and other electrical appliances of their house, whether the lights and other electrical appliances are turned on/off, and can remotely turn on/off the appliances and lights. The home automation in this prototype is focussed on the parts only where most of the energy could be wasted when we forget to turn off the lights, fan and power plugs while leaving the house and could be turned on/off remotely through an android app. The two subparts of the design will be finally combined to make a renewable energy-based smart home. Unlike the costly and sophisticated home automation systems available in the market, this design is cheap and simple, and can be easily implemented in our home.

The fourth industrial revolution put new processes on the rails of automation in industry, healthcare, home and other areas of human life through the mass integration of the concept of the Internet of Things into these areas. At the same time, these processes are not bypassed by home automation systems or smart homes. A smart home is defined as a system of interconnected sensors, actuators, and other devices that are networked together with computer systems and controlled by appropriate software. This connection allows to collect, share and analyze data, which helps to increase comfort, automation and control over the parameters of the house. However, along with the obvious advantages and conveniences of rooting home automation systems, this concept leaves a number of potential security bottlenecks for attackers. Data collected by smart devices is always point of interest to hackers and hijackers of confidential information.Third-party access to data collected by smart devices can lead to a variety of emergencies, the degree of danger of which will depend solely on the wish of the owner of the intercepted data. The paper proposes an intelligent system for detecting anomalies and identifying smart home devices based on the collective communication of smart homes. The concept of the system is based on the benefits of combining smart homes into a social network in terms of improving the security of both a single smart home and the entire social network of combined smart homes. Detection of anomalies and identification of devices in each of the smart homes is based on monitoring network traffic and forming profiles of smart devices that are present in the network. Profiles consist of a set of features that describe the behavior of smart devices on the network, including the period of activity of the device and the period of its sleep. Based on this, a whitelist of allowed profiles of devices operation in the cluster is formed. To verify the presence of a profile in the whitelist the Random Forest algorithm was used. A key feature of the system is the communication of smart home clusters with each other to exchange information about the available smart device profiles in the whitelists of each cluster.

The internet of things is one of the world's fastest-growing technologies. Sensors, computers, software, and projects are all implemented using this technology on various platforms. The primary goal is to make the procedure more intelligent and user-friendly. After the association with Node MCU, custom TRIAC-based PCB, blynk cloud, mobile application, smart watch application, if the user gives a command in mobile application or smart watch application. The input reads at virtual pins of blynk cloud and updates the data. Then the information reads at node MCU and triggers the new input, and TRIAC leads to the appliances to turn on/off accordingly. Smart homes are safer, consume less energy, and can be controlled from anywhere. The TRIAC is included in this smart home automation (Triode for alternating current). It serves as a convenient AC switch. Relays are less effective than TRIAC. The prototype aims to create a reliable TRIAC-based home automation system with a user-friendly interface.

The proliferation of Internet of Things (IoT) technology has transformed the way we interact with home appliances. This study investigates the technical feasibility and energy efficiency of Wi-Fi-based IoT remote monitoring and control of home appliances. A prototype system was designed and developed using Wi-Fi-enabled microcontrollers, sensors, and actuators to monitor and control various appliances remotely through a mobile application. Experimental results show that the system achieves an average energy savings of 23.4% and reduces appliance standby power consumption by 91.2%. The system's technical feasibility was evaluated through reliability, scalability, and security assessments. Results indicate high reliability (99.85%), scalability (supporting up to 50 devices), and robust security. Energy efficiency was analyzed using Energy Consumption Analysis (ECA) methods. The study concludes that Wi-Fi-based IoT remote monitoring and control of home appliances is technically feasible and energy-efficient, offering significant potential for reducing energy consumption and carbon emissions.

In recent years, the rapid advancement of Internet of Things (IoT) technologies has revolutionized the concept of home automation, enabling enhanced convenience, energy efficiency, and remote control. However, the integration of smart devices into domestic environments introduces critical security and privacy challenges. This research paper presents a comprehensive study of smart home automation systems with a dual focus on functionality and cybersecurity. We explore various architectures, communication protocols, and automation frameworks that form the foundation of intelligent homes. Furthermore, the paper analyzes potential attack vectors, threat models, and common vulnerabilities affecting home automation ecosystems.

The Internet of Things (IoT) has emerged as a transformative technology that connects the physical and digital worlds, revolutionizing how devices, objects, and systems interact. As the world becomes increasingly interconnected, IoT paves the way for the development of smart cities, homes, industries, and healthcare systems. This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the Internet of Things and its role in shaping the smart world.The first section of this paper delves into the foundational concepts of IoT, outlining its history, principles, and key components. The discussion highlights the rapid growth of IoT devices, sensors, and communication protocols, which have enabled seamless data exchange and connectivity on a global scale. The potential benefits and challenges of IoT adoption are addressed, emphasizing the need for robust security and privacy measures to protect against potential threats. The second section explores the pivotal role of IoT in shaping smart cities. With urbanization on the rise, the need for efficient resource management, sustainable infrastructure, and enhanced citizen services becomes more pressing. IoT-driven solutions empower cities to optimize traffic flow, manage energy consumption, improve waste management, and enhance public safety through real-time data analytics and predictive modeling.In the context of smart homes, the third section investigates how IoT applications have revolutionized the way people interact with their living spaces. Smart home devices, such as smart thermostats, lighting systems, and voice-activated assistants, provide users with increased convenience and energy efficiency. However, concerns surrounding data privacy and potential vulnerabilities necessitate a discussion on the best practices for securing smart home ecosystems. The fourth section examines the impact of IoT on industries, from manufacturing to agriculture. IoT-enabled industrial processes streamline production, enhance supply chain management, and facilitate predictive maintenance, leading to increased productivity and reduced operational costs. Additionally, precision agriculture applications of IoT offer farmers real-time data on soil conditions, weather patterns, and crop health, leading to improved crop yield and resource utilization.The fifth section addresses the transformation of healthcare systems through IoT integration. From remote patient monitoring to wearable health devices, IoT has opened new avenues for personalized and proactive healthcare. This section emphasizes the potential of IoT to revolutionize healthcare delivery by facilitating timely interventions, reducing hospital readmissions, and empowering patients to take an active role in their health management.The sixth section discusses the challenges and barriers hindering the widespread adoption of IoT and the smart world. Interoperability issues, standardization, and the complexity of integrating diverse systems pose significant challenges for stakeholders. Moreover, concerns regarding data ownership, privacy, and cyber-security remain key obstacles that need to be addressed to build public trust in IoT technologies. The final section explores future trends and possibilities for IoT and the smart world. With the proliferation of 5G networks, edge computing, and artificial intelligence, the potential for IoT applications is boundless. The paper concludes by emphasizing the importance of collaboration among governments, industries, and researchers to shape a sustainable and inclusive smart world powered by IoT technologies.In summary, this paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the Internet of Things and its role in shaping the smart world. From its foundational principles to its diverse applications across various sectors, IoT has the potential to transform societies and redefine how we interact with technology. However, addressing challenges related to security, privacy, and standardization is crucial to unlock the full potential of IoT and pave the way for a truly interconnected and intelligent future.

Thanks to developments in Artificial Intelligence (AI) and the Internet of Things (IoT), the once-futuristic idea of smart houses is now a reality. These cutting-edge technologies are transforming regular houses into intelligent, networked spaces that improve security, comfort, and energy efficiency. These technologies including AI and IoT, automate such homes and control various systems and devices. At the core of the smart home lie their capabilities to automate routine tasks like adjusting lighting and temperature to locking doors and managing security cameras. This creates an ecosystem that is adaptable to suit the requirements and preferences of its occupants. In the era characterized by artificial intelligence (AI) and the Internet of Things (IoT), almost everything including homes is automated and smart. The smart home market valued at $ 79.16 billion in 2022 is expected to grow at a CAGR (Compound Annual Growth Rate) of 27.07% from 2023 to 2030 (Grandview Research Report, 2024). Accordingly, the present chapter aims to explore the potential of AIoT in home automation.