Semantic-Driven Multimedia Retrieval with the MPEG Query Format

The MPEG Query Format (MPQF) is a new standard from the MPEG standardization committee which provides a standardized interface to multimedia document repositories. The purpose of this paper is describing the necessary extensions which will allow MPQF to manage metadata modelled with Semantic Web languages like RDF and OWL, and query constructs based on SPARQL. The suggested modifications include the definition of a new MPQF query type, and a generalization of the MPQF metadata processing model. As far as we know, this is the first work to apply the MPEG Query Format to semantic-driven search and retrieval of multimedia contents.

An article tries to see a group of semantic web representation and communication means like description logics, semantic networks, RDF model and language, OWL language, RDF CFL etc. taking a part at the development of formal ontologies from a slightly higher (meta) level. A focus has been oriented towards properties that semantic web language ought to have to fulfill according to a semantic web idea. Consequently the article tries to draw by the help of the means above the trip towards a proper semantic-web ontology language fulfilling the main demands of expressivity and also easy-to-use conditions. Even if the development of a semantic web language was until now much more complicated with a taking part of a lot of people or companies the authors of the article try to contribute to an analyzing of the actual state by drawing it as a cloud of demands, streams, events or condition’s fulfilling that at the end would have brought into the world an easy-to-usable semantic web ontology language having all the demands fulfilled. The article moreover shows that a language RDF CFL belongs nowadays to the semantic web family as a unique well usable tool of reasoning within semantic web knowledge bases.

This paper introduces a novel approach for search and retrieval of multimedia content. The proposed framework retrieves multiple media types simultaneously, namely 3D objects, 2D images and audio files, by utilizing an appropriately modified manifold learning algorithm. The latter, which is based on Laplacian Eigenmaps, is able to map the mono-modal low-level descriptors of the different modalities into a new low-dimensional multimodal feature space. In order to accelerate search and retrieval and make the framework suitable even for large-scale applications, a new multimedia indexing scheme is adopted. The retrieval accuracy of the proposed method is further improved through relevance feedback, which enables users to refine their queries by marking the retrieved results as relevant or non-relevant. Experiments performed on a multimodal dataset demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of our approach. Finally, the proposed framework can be easily extended to involve as many heterogeneous modalities as possible.

Uniform query formalization in mobile visual search: From standards to practice

The MPEG Query Format (MPQF) is one of the new standardization initiatives which aim to provide a standardized interface to XML-based multimedia retrieval systems. Since relational databases such as Oracle, DB2 and MS SQL Server are still the mainstream database products in practice to store multimedia data. In this paper we propose a method to translate an MPQF query to SQL that relational based multimedia database can evaluate and execute.

Recently, there has been an increasing interest in formalisms for representing uncertain information on the Semantic Web. This interest is triggered by the observation that knowledge on the web is not always crisp and we have to be able to deal with incomplete, inconsistent and vague information. The treatment of this kind of information requires new approaches for knowledge representation and reasoning on the web as existing Semantic Web languages are based on classical logic which is known to be inadequate for representing uncertainty in many cases. While different general approaches for extending Semantic Web languages with the ability to represent uncertainty are explored, we focus our attention on probabilistic approaches. We survey existing proposals for extending semantic web languages or formalisms underlying Semantic Web languages in terms of their expressive power, reasoning capabilities as well as their suitability for supporting typical tasks associated with the Semantic Web.

Knowledge Representation Using Type-2 Fuzzy Rough Ontologies in Ontology Web Language

In this paper we give details about the role of ontologies in Semantic Web and tools required for constructing Semantic Web applications. The Protégé tool for ontology development and knowledge acquisition can be adapted for editing models in different Semantic Web languages. In recent experiments to prototype the Semantic Web, members of different communities with different backgrounds have created a multitudinous of languages for representing ontologies and instance data on the Web. Typically, a Semantic Web language for describing ontologies and instance data contains a hierarchical description of important conceptual thing in a domain. Individuals in the domain are instances of these classes, and properties of each classes describes the various features and attributes of the concept. Logical statements describe relations among concepts. Protégé adopt the new world of the Semantic Web reusing its user interface, internal representation, and framework also it is useful in conceptual modeling with the new Semantic Web languages.

Internet of things interconnects increasing numbers of artefacts and individuals, allowing the setup of ambient intelligence systems in multi-domains (e.g., hospitals). Designing a suitable architectural framework is required to ensure the efficiency and sustainability of the implementation of such systems. Consolidating public services about citizens' safety and authorisation decisions when a resource is accessed in an open-dynamic environment are the main challenges that can be highlighted. Therefore, the semantic heterogeneity between the local policies of the different domains is a crucial lock for implementing this process. Our approach goes beyond the semantic web languages' weaknesses by combining the XACML-based security policy model with a semantic rules language developed during the European SembySem Project. Built on top of RDF(S), the proposed model aims to abstract the security implementation, reconcile semantic differences across multi-domain, and maintain the local security policy. Moreover, this model addresses the semantic heterogeneity of sensors' data during knowledge-sharing.

Adaptive learning (AL) systems have long been one of the promising solutions to web-based personalized learning. This paper proposes a framework to solve the problem of integrating knowledge resources on the Web based on Semantic Web languages. As a consequence, knowledge modules of an AL system can be shared and reused on the Internet, resulting a service-based approach to developing distributed AL systems. Based on this framework, a prototype AL system was implemented to demonstrate how the knowledge modules of an AL system can be developed and integrated. Finally, a preliminary prototype evaluation result shows that the performance of the service-based approach is acceptable under light to middle traffics of requests based on current web service implementations.

Semantic filtering and retrieval of multimedia content is crucial for efficient use of the multimedia data repositories. Video query by semantic keywords is one of the most difficult problems in multimedia data retrieval. The difficulty lies in the mapping between low-level video representation and high-level semantics. We therefore formulate the multimedia content access problem as a multimedia pattern recognition problem. We propose a probabilistic framework for semantic video indexing, which call support filtering and retrieval and facilitate efficient content-based access. To map low-level features to high-level semantics we propose probabilistic multimedia objects (multijects). Examples of multijects in movies include explosion, mountain, beach, outdoor, music etc. Semantic concepts in videos interact and to model this interaction explicitly, we propose a network of multijects (multinet). Using probabilistic models for six site multijects, rocks, sky, snow, water-body forestry/greenery and outdoor and using a Bayesian belief network as the multinet we demonstrate the application of this framework to semantic indexing. We demonstrate how detection performance can be significantly improved using the multinet to take interconceptual relationships into account. We also show how the multinet can fuse heterogeneous features to support detection based on inference and reasoning.

Content Centric Networking (CCN) is an emerging next-generation network infrastructure around content dissemination and retrieval, shifting from physical locations to named data. The built-in caching capacity of CCN, termed as in-network caching, promises to enable fast and effective content distribution at a global scale. Because of the in-network caching, the caching strategy of content location potentially affects how to make content searching decisions, while content searching in return decides in which routers content are stored. The relationship between content caching location and content searching has not been fully exploited in CCN or further used for the whole network performance improvement. This paper exploits the content caching location and content searching mechanism of CCN, and proposes a Popularity-driven content Caching Location and Searching scheme (P-CLS) in CCN. P-CLS leverages content access popularity to realize diverse content distribution and reduce content caching redundancy, which also overcomes the oscillation and frequent replacement phenomenon in the existing content caching and searching (CLS) scheme. Extensive simulations via hierarchical and arbitrary caching topologies show that the proposed scheme outperforms the existing caching algorithms.

Semantic web reasoners and languages enable the semantic web to function. Some of the latest reasoning models developed in the last few years are: DLP, FaCT, RACER, Pellet, MSPASS, CEL, Cerebra Engine, QuOnto, KAON2, HermiT and others. Some software tools such as Protege, Jena and others also have been developed, which provide inferencing as well as ontology development and management environments. These reasoners usually differ in their inference procedures, supporting logic, completeness of reasoning, expressiveness and implementation languages. Various semantic web languages with increasing expressive power continue to be developed for describing web services. We survey the some of the more recent languages like OWL-S (Ontology Web Language-Schema), WSML (Web Service Modeling Language), SWRL (Semantic Web Rule Language) and others that have been tested in early use. We also survey semantic web reasoners and their relationship to these languages.

The automation of software development processes is a desirable goal of current software companies which would lead to a cost reduction in software production. This automation is the backbone of approaches such as Model Driven Architecture (MDA) or Software Factories. This paper proposes the use of standard Business Rules (using Rules Interchange Format, RIF) to specify application functionality along with a platform to produce automatic implementations for them. The novelty of this proposal is to introduce Business Rules at all levels of MDA architecture in a software development process, providing a supporting tool where production Business Rules are considered at every abstraction level. Production Business Rules are represented through standard languages, rule engine vendor independence is assured via automatic transformation between rule languages, and Business Rules reuse is made possible. The objective is to get the development of production Business Rules closer to non-technical people involved in the software development process through the use of natural language processing approaches, automatic transformations among models and semantic web languages such as Ontology Web Language (OWL).

The current architecture for the Semantic Web, with its emphasis on RDF syntactic and semantic compatability, has severe problems when expressive Semantic Web languages are incorporated. An architecture less tied to RDF is proposed. In this architecture different Semantic Web languages can have different syntaxes but must use the same models. This revised architecture provides significant advantages over the currrent Semantic Web architecture while still remaining true to the vision of the Semantic Web.