Sensorless BLDCM Ceiling Fan using a Single Switch and Single Stage PFC Converter

This paper aims to present a PFCC (Power Factor correction converter) fed permanent magnet brushless direct current motor (PMBLDCM) drive for fan application with improved power quality in a supply network with reduced voltage stress of the switch and improved efficiency. It is a single switch single-stage topology and combination of boost and zeta PFCC. Both the converters are designed in discontinuous conduction mode (DCM) of operation, considering less switch stress. The fan speed is controlled by controlling the DC link voltage of the PFCC, and a simple voltage follower control technique is utilized to get the inherent PFC at the input supply. The DC link voltage sensor is eliminated by using an auxiliary winding voltage (V awg ) to control PFCC output voltage (VDC) and achieve the fan's variable speed. These techniques make an overall system cost-effective and straightforward with less harmonic distortion. Moreover, to achieve the electronic commutation, Hall Effect sensors are utilized, and the voltage source inverter (VSI) is switched at a fundamental frequency, which provides less switching losses in VSI. The BLDCM fan's performance is simulated in a MATLAB environment, and its behavior is given to confirm the design. This topology's power quality performance is found to adhere to the international harmonic standard IEC61000-3-2 for the universal RMS input supply.

This article presents a back-electromotive force (BEMF)-based technique of detection for sensorless brushless direct current motor (BLDCM) drivers. The BLDCM has been chosen as the energy converter in rotary or pulsatile blood pumps that use electrical motors for pumping. However, in order to operate properly, the BLDCM driver needs to know the shaft position. Usually, that information is obtained through a set of Hall sensors assembled close to the rotor and connected to the electronic controller by wires. Sometimes, a large distance between the motor and controller makes the system susceptible to interference on the sensor signal because of winding current switching. Thus, the goal of the sensorless technique presented in this study is to avoid this problem. First, the operation of BLDCM was evaluated on the electronic simulator PSpice. Then, a BEMF detector circuitry was assembled in our laboratories. For the tests, a sensor-dependent system was assembled where the direct comparison between the Hall sensors signals and the detected signals was performed. The obtained results showed that the output sensorless detector signals are very similar to the Hall signals at speeds of more than 2500 rpm. Therefore, the sensorless technique is recommended as a responsible or redundant system to be used in rotary blood pumps.

The electric vehicle’s overall efficiency can be augmented through the implementation of the regenerative braking system (RBS), which serves to extend the drive range. This paper explores a method for further increasing said range by implementing a roof‐mounted photovoltaic (PV) system in conjunction with RBS, resulting in an impressive 25.14% increase to the vehicle’s driving distance. The roof‐mounted PV and regenerative braking work together to charge the dual battery pack present within the vehicle, following a specific sequence as dictated by its controller. Maximum energy is extracted from the PV module via employment of a particle swarm optimization (PSO)‐based maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm, while propulsion is provided through utilization of a brushless direct current (BLDC) motor driven by reduced switch voltage source inverter (VSI). The BLDC motor itself is controlled utilizing field‐oriented control (FoC), with hybrid ANN‐PID and Fuzzy‐PID (HAP‐FUP) controllers employed at the outer loop; furthermore, HAP‐FUP controller performance was compared favorably against other top controllers such as model predictive controller (MPC), sliding mode controller (SMC), and conventional PID controller, ultimately demonstrating superior performance when it comes to reducing rise time and settling time of vehicle speed.

This paper presents a single-stage isolated power factor corrected power supply (SSIPP) fed permanent magnet brushless DC (BLDC) motor drive. An advantage of fast voltage regulation with single voltage control loop of SSIPP is utilised to develop a power factor correction (PFC) based BLDC motor drive. The speed of BLDC motor is controlled by varying the DC link voltage of the voltage source inverter (VSI) feeding BLDC motor using a single voltage sensor. A boost-flyback SSIPP operating in discontinuous inductor current mode (DICM) is used for the voltage control with improved power quality at AC mains. A fundamental frequency switching of VSI is used instead of pulse width modulation (PWM) switching to avoid high frequency switching losses in it. The performance of the proposed BLDC motor drive is evaluated for wide range of speed control with power quality indices with-in the recommended limits of international power quality standards such as IEC 61000-3-2.

This paper presents a power factor correction (PFC)-based bridgeless canonical switching cell (BL-CSC) converter-fed brushless dc (BLDC) motor drive. The proposed BL-CSC converter operating in a discontinuous inductor current mode is used to achieve a unity power factor at the ac mains using a single voltage sensor. The speed of the BLDC motor is controlled by varying the dc bus voltage of the voltage source inverter (VSI) feeding the BLDC motor via a PFC converter. Therefore, the BLDC motor is electronically commutated such that the VSI operates in fundamental frequency switching for reduced switching losses. Moreover, the bridgeless configuration of the CSC converter offers low conduction losses due to partial elimination of diode bridge rectifier at the front end. The proposed configuration shows a considerable increase in efficiency as compared with the conventional scheme. The performance of the proposed drive is validated through experimental results obtained on a developed prototype. Improved power quality is achieved at the ac mains for a wide range of control speeds and supply voltages. The obtained power quality indices are within the acceptable limits of IEC 61000-3-2.

A new switching scheme, which combines conventional space vector modulation (SVM) and carrier-based pulse width modulation (CBPWM), is proposed for a three-phase four-leg voltage source inverter (VSI). The proposed algorithm is simpler than conventional three-dimensional space vector modulation (3-D SVM) and easy in implementation in a real-time DSP system, it avoids the selection of a prism and tetrahedron in a 3-D SVM, therefore alleviates the computation burden of the DSP. Also, the concept of near-state pulse width modulation (NSPWM) method, which is used in a three-phase three-leg inverter to reduce the common mode voltage (CMV) noises, can be adopted in this algorithm so as to reduce the common mode voltage for a three-phase four-leg VSI. The feasibility of the proposed modulation technique is verified by both computer simulation and experimental results.

This paper presents an IHQRR (Integrated High Quality Rectifier Regulator) BIFRED (Boost Integrated Flyback Rectifier Energy Storage DC-DC) converter fed BLDC (Brushless DC) motor drive. A reduced sensor topology is derived by utilizing a BIFRED converter to operate in a dual DCM (Discontinuous Conduction Mode) thus utilizing a voltage follower approach for the PFC (Power Factor Correction) and voltage control. A new approach for speed control is proposed using a single voltage sensor. The speed of the BLDC motor drive is controlled by varying the DC link voltage of the front end converter. Moreover, fundamental frequency switching of the VSI's (Voltage Source Inverter) switches is used for the electronic commutation of the BLDC motor which reduces the switching losses in the VSI. The proposed drive is designed for a wide range of speed control with an improved power quality at the AC mains which falls within the recommended limits imposed by international power quality standards such as IEC 61000-3-2.

This work presents a low cost PFC (Power Factor Correction) based BLDCM (Brushless DC Motor) drive targeting low power household appliances. Development of a highly efficient BLDCM drive with minimum amount of sensing requirement is the primary objective of this work. The switching losses in the VSI (Voltage Source Inverter) feeding BLDCM is reduced by electronically commutating the BLDCM and controlling its speed by controlling the voltage of the DC bus. A PFC buck-boost converter is used as a front-end converter due to its simplicity in design, minimum number of component count and its ability to buck and boost the voltage to control the speed over a wide range. The PFC buck-boost converter operating in DICM (Discontinuous Inductor Current Mode) is used for the control of DC bus voltage. An inherent PFC is achieved for variation of speed over a wide range at universal AC mains (90–265 V). The obtained PQ (Power Quality) indices are within the recommended limits of international PQ standards IEC 61000–3-2. The performance of proposed BLDCM drive is simulated in MATLAB/Simulink environment and validated experimentally on a developed prototype of the drive.

This paper deals with the analysis, design and control of solar photovoltaic (SPV) array fed permanent magnet brushless DC (BLDC) motor drive for water pumping system which utilizes a canonical switching cell (CSC) converter as an intermediate DC-DC converter between the SPV array and the voltage source inverter (VSI). The CSC converter performs the functions of solar PV array power optimization and the safe starting of the BLDC motor by an adequate control. In addition to MPPT (Maximum Power Point Tracking) of SPV array, the CSC converter provides a variable output DC voltage for the electronic commutation of VSI facilitating its fundamental switching for reduction in its losses and an elimination of its current sensors. The detailed performance of the proposed water pumping system is demonstrated through simulated results obtained using MATLAB/Simulink based developed model subjected to various operating conditions such as the variations in the solar insolation level.

This manuscript deals about the configuration of a power factor correction (PFC) converter feeding a drive of brushless DC (BLDC) motor for medium and low power equipment. The front-end PFC converter working in discontinuous inductor current mode (DICM) is applied for regulating the DC link voltage and PFC is achieved inherently. The BLDC motor speed is adjusted by regulating the DC link voltage of voltage source inverter (VSI) feeding to motor. The DC link voltage of drive system is maintained by a single DC voltage actuator. A prototype is developed for evaluating the performances of anticipated drive for the speed control over a broad range. The performance of anticipated drive is also validated for its function at varying AC mains voltages (90V–265V). Test results for power quality (PQ) parameters are compared with restrictions of power quality standard IEC 61000-3-2.

This paper presents a non-isolated boost integrated buck rectifier/energy storage DC-DC (NI-BIBRED) converter fed brushless DC (BLDC) motor dive. The speed of proposed drive is controlled by adjusting the DC link voltage of voltage source inverter (VSI) feeding a BLDC motor. The BLDC motor is electronically commutated to operate the VSI in fundamental frequency switching for reduced switching losses in it. The proposed NI-BIFRED converter is designed to operate in triple discontinuous inductor current mode (DICM) to act as an inherent power factor pre-regulator using a single voltage sensor for DC link voltage control. The performance of proposed drive is evaluated for a wide range of speed control at varying supply voltages. An improved power quality is achieved with power quality indices within the limits of IEC 61000-3-2.

This paper presents a mechanism for the power factor correction of brushless DC (BLDC) motor drive by utilizing the Cuk converter along with a particle swarm optimization (PSO) controller. This drive can be used in low-cost and low-power applications. The BLDC motor speed is controlled by swapping the DC bus voltage of voltage source inverter (VSI) for minimal switching losses. The Cuk converter works in both the discontinuous conduction method and the continuous conduction method although the diode bridge rectifier is followed behind it for swapping the DC link voltage. This improves the power factor at the AC mains of the circuit. The PSO controller is employed for getting various best values of measurements by comparison. The suggested system is simulated using Simulink/MATLAB software, and a hardware model of this suggested motor drive is made to authenticate its performance over a broad range of speed with a better power factor at the AC mains of the circuit.

A power factor correction (PFC) based bridgeless Sheppard-Taylor converter for feeding brushless DC (BLDC) motor dive is presented in this work. The voltage of DC bus of the voltage source inverter (VSI) feeding BLDC motor is adjusted for speed control. The BLDC motor is electronically commutated to operate the VSI in low switching frequency for reducing the switching losses in it. The proposed PFC converter is operated in discontinuous inductor current mode (DICM) for inherent power factor correction using a single voltage sensor. The performance of the proposed PFC converter feeding BLDC motor drive is evaluated for control of speed over a wide range. A unity power factor is achieved with power quality indices acceptable within the limits of IEC 61000-3-2.

This study deals with a reduced sensor configuration of a power factor correction (PFC) based zeta converter for brushless DC (BLDC) motor drive for low power applications. The speed of the BLDC motor is controlled by varying the dc‐link voltage of the voltage source inverter (VSI) feeding BLDC motor drive. A low‐frequency switching of the VSI is used for achieving the electronic commutation of BLDC motor for reduced switching losses. The PFC‐based zeta converter is designed to operate in discontinuous inductor current mode; thus utilising a voltage follower approach which requires a single voltage sensor for dc‐link voltage control and PFC operation. The proposed drive is designed to operate over a wide range of speed control with improved power quality at ac mains. The performance of the proposed drive is validated with experimental results obtained on a developed prototype of PFC converter.

The proportional–integral (PI) control is usually applied in synchronous reference frame to regulate the output voltage of three-phase voltage source inverter (VSI). However, the PI controller is constrained by the capability of suppressing harmonic and negative sequence components; besides, its direct application in single-phase VSI is limited. While the proportional–resonant (PR) control can track ac reference and achieve harmonic suppression in stationary frame for both single-phase and three-phase VSI. Due to the high order of the resonant controller, lots of efforts are needed during the parameter design to get a satisfactory performance, such as trial-and-error. In this article, the way to approximately reduce the order of the resonant controller in the discrete time domain is presented, and then a method of selective pole placement and cancellation for the PR control design used in VSI is proposed. With the proposed method, the closed-loop pole-zero distribution of the PR control structure used in the VSI is well handled, and the parameters of the feedback controller and the reference feedforward controller are directly calculated by placing the selected poles and zeros in desired positions. The procedure of the parameter design is facilitated, and the performance of the VSI with PR control is improved.