S4BZ PFC Converter for BLDC Motor Ceiling Fan

This manuscript deals about the configuration of a power factor correction (PFC) converter feeding a drive of brushless DC (BLDC) motor for medium and low power equipment. The front-end PFC converter working in discontinuous inductor current mode (DICM) is applied for regulating the DC link voltage and PFC is achieved inherently. The BLDC motor speed is adjusted by regulating the DC link voltage of voltage source inverter (VSI) feeding to motor. The DC link voltage of drive system is maintained by a single DC voltage actuator. A prototype is developed for evaluating the performances of anticipated drive for the speed control over a broad range. The performance of anticipated drive is also validated for its function at varying AC mains voltages (90V–265V). Test results for power quality (PQ) parameters are compared with restrictions of power quality standard IEC 61000-3-2.

This paper aims at the application of a half bridge DC-DC converter as a power factor correction (PFC) converter for a permanent magnet brushless DC motor (PMBLDCM) driven air conditioner. This PFC converter is fed from singlephase AC mains through diode bridge rectifier (DBR) and connected to a voltage source inverter (VSI) feeding the PMBLDCM. The proposed PFC half-bridge converter based PMBLDCM drive is controlled to have the variable speed operation of the compressor for efficiency improvement of the air conditioning system. The control scheme for the PFC converter based PMBLDCM drive is designed, modeled and its simulation is carried out in Matlab-Simulink environment for an air conditioner compressor driven through a 1.5 kW, 1500 rpm PMBLDC motor. The obtained results are presented to validate the effectiveness of the proposed adjustable speed drive in wide range of the speed and an AC input voltage. An improved power quality is observed with almost unity power factor and improved efficiency of the drive in a wide range of the speed and an AC input voltage.

The scope of this research is to manage the speed of Permanent Magnet Brushless DC Motor Drive (PMBLDCMD) for various less capacity applications. In the circuit, a 1ϕ AC power is given to Diode Rectifier and the converted DC supply is given to condenser, which leads to abnormal pulsating current. Because of this pulsating current, the power quality disturbances arise at the supply point. Hence, the PMBLDCMD requires Power Factor Correction (PFC) converter for many household and profitable applications. The rotors of PMBLDCMD are driven by 3ϕ voltage source inverter (VSI), which performs electronic commutation. The range of PFC converter for feeding PMBLDCMD has high emphasis on the power quality (PQ) norms, cost and performance of controllers. The proposed converter requires very less components, which imposes less stress, low ripple and less power loss with positive voltage polarity. The chopper is used to correct the power factor. Various chopper layouts like buck boost Converters and boost converters with single switch are used. The mostly used regulated structures for PFC converters govern the current with continuous conduction technique and to govern the potential differential tracker using discontinuous conduction method (DCM). The processes like examining, modelling and governing of PFC converters are applied for upgrading the quality of power in AC supply.

Buck-buck/Boost power factor correction (PFC) converter is a great choice to compensate the inherent dead zones in the input current of buck PFC converter. However, whether the converter operates with traditional constant on-time control in critical conduction mode (CRM) or with conventional constant duty-cycle control in discontinuous conduction mode (DCM), the power factor (PF) is low, especially at low input voltage. Therefore, fixed on-time ratio control (FOTRC) and fixed duty-cycle ratio control (FDCRC) are proposed for CRM/DCM buck-buck/boost PFC converter to achieve high PF, respectively. Both control methods maximize PF over wide input voltage range by adjusting on-time or duty-cycle of buck/boost mode and buck mode. Compared with the traditional controls, the proposed control methods also have advantage of increasing efficiency. Furthermore, for improving dynamic response performance, smooth and rapid dynamic response control (SRDRC) is put forward, which can reduce the regulation time and output voltage overshoot/undershoot when the load or input voltage changes abruptly. In addition, the implementation circuits combining FOTRC/FDCRC and SRDRC are designed. Two prototypes have been built and tested in the lab to demonstrate the validity of the theoretical analysis.

Here, a single switch and single-stage power factor corrected converter (S <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sup> PFCC) fed sensorless BLDCM (brushless direct current motor) based fan is presented. Here, the PFCC is designed in the discontinuous conduction mode (DCM) of operation with 48V output, and it provides a natural PFC at the input mains. This paper aims to produce a low-cost sensorless BLDCM fan with improved power quality indices and efficiency. The ceiling fan system contains an AC-DC S4PFCC cascaded with a three-phase voltage source inverter (VSI) fed BLDCM. The commutation frequency is used to keep minimum switching losses of the VSI. Moreover, the PFCC output voltage sensor is avoided using the auxiliary winding voltage as feedback to the DSP controller to handle the supply voltage fluctuations and controls fan speed. The performance of the BLDCM fan is simulated in MATLAB/Simulink to confirm the PFCC design.

Pulse width modulation (PWM) of voltage source inverter (VSI) is common for speed regulation of permanent magnet (PM) brushless direct-current (BLDC) motor drives. However, when the motor runs at high speed, the conventional PWM technique may become unfeasible due to the low carrier ratio of inverter, which makes the motor current distorted and the motor core loss increased significantly. In this paper, two control strategies, namely single pulse variable width (SPVW) and dual pulses variable width (DPVW), are introduced for the high-speed PM BLDC motor drives, and are comprehensively investigated. Finite element method (FEM) is employed to evaluate and compare the drive system performance when using the conventional PWM, and the proposed SPVW and DPVW, respectively. Influence of the control techniques, especially on the loss distribution, is revealed.

SummaryPower solutions contribute a remarkable role in all the sectors. In order to develop the sustainable and affodable power solution, the bettered power quality (PQ) based modified bridgeless switched inductor (MBSL) Sepic power factor correction (PFC) converter is introduced in this article. An added feature to an already existing traditional Sepic converter resulted in switched inductor (SL) network that reasonably improves the step‐down voltage gain with low current stress across the output inductors and diodes which restricts the utilization of transformer that ultimately reduces the overall cost of power solution. This introduced structure acts as a good choice of low‐cost power conversion solution in the perspective of improved inline PQ indices, high efficiency and good reliability. Furthermore, the discontinuous conduction mode (DCM) functioning of SL network reveals the innate zero current switching (ZCS) capability with enhanced efficiency. Besides, the effective functionality of the one‐stage PFC converter is tested on hardware prototype of 250 W/48 V, and it also adopts an appropriate control approach to stabilize the output voltage. This study also exposes small signal modeling to prove the stability of the power solution. In addition, the test outcomes reveal that the preferred PFC procure sinusoidal current from the AC mains that confirms the good enshaping attribute and low current harmonic distortions within the stipulated IEC 61000‐3‐2 standard guidelines for both standstill and fluctuating conditions.

Usually speed and position of a permanent magnet brushless direct current motor (PMBLDCM) rotor is controlled in a conventional cascade structure. The inner current control loop runs at a larger bandwidth than the outer speed control loop to achieve an effective cascade control. This paper proposes a multirate based general predictive control (GPC) law performed for the conventional cascaded PI-PI scheme. Both speed and torque tracking objectives are achieved in matched and mismatched parameter case. The measured and unmeasured disturbances can be effectively rejected and the motor can run at desired speed at constant load. In addition, non-minimum phase characteristics and system constrains can effectively be handled by proposed GPC algorithm. The simulation results are provided to show that the proposed GPC strategy results in better performance than that of the conventional well tuned cascade PI- PI control strategy. The proposed controller has also been implemented to control the speed of a PMBLDCM and the results show an improvement over conventional scheme.

An analytical method for calculating the no-load magnetic field of external rotor permanent magnet brushless direct current motor (PMBLDCM) used as in-wheel motor of electric vehicle in the stator static coordinate and the rotor motion coordinate is presented in this paper. First, the analytic formulas of slotless permanent magnetic field in both coordinate systems are derived, respectively. Then, the complex relative permeance of external rotor PMBLDCM in both coordinate systems is calculated. Finally, the analytical solution of the no-load magnetic field in both coordinate systems is derived by applying the magnetic potential multiplied by the complex relative permeance. In this paper, a 46-pole-51-slot external rotor PMBLDCM is taken as an example, and the accuracy of the proposed analytical model is verified by the finite-element results. Based on the analytical model, the influences of the stator slotting effect on the no-load magnetic field of the external rotor and the inner stator are analyzed. The spatial order characteristics and frequency characteristics of the no-load magnetic field of the external rotor PMBLDCM in both coordinate systems are revealed, respectively.

This paper aims at a power factor corrected (PFC) buck bridge DC-DC converter for a permanent magnet brushless DC motor (PMBLDCM) for an air conditioner. This PFC converter is fed from a single-phase AC mains through a diode bridge rectifier (DBR) and connected to a voltage source inverter (VSI) feeding the PMBLDCM. The Speed of the proposed PMBLDCM drive is controlled to improve efficiency of the air conditioning system. The control scheme for the PFC bridge converter based PMBLDCM drive is designed, modeled and its simulation is carried out in Matlab-Simulink environment for an air conditioner compressor driven through a 3.75 kW, 1500 rpm PMBLDC motor. The obtained results are presented to validate the effectiveness of the proposed PFC converter based adjustable speed drive. An improved power quality is observed with almost unity power factor and improved efficiency of the drive in a wide range of the speed and an AC input voltage.

This paper presents a power factor correction (PFC)-based bridgeless canonical switching cell (BL-CSC) converter-fed brushless dc (BLDC) motor drive. The proposed BL-CSC converter operating in a discontinuous inductor current mode is used to achieve a unity power factor at the ac mains using a single voltage sensor. The speed of the BLDC motor is controlled by varying the dc bus voltage of the voltage source inverter (VSI) feeding the BLDC motor via a PFC converter. Therefore, the BLDC motor is electronically commutated such that the VSI operates in fundamental frequency switching for reduced switching losses. Moreover, the bridgeless configuration of the CSC converter offers low conduction losses due to partial elimination of diode bridge rectifier at the front end. The proposed configuration shows a considerable increase in efficiency as compared with the conventional scheme. The performance of the proposed drive is validated through experimental results obtained on a developed prototype. Improved power quality is achieved at the ac mains for a wide range of control speeds and supply voltages. The obtained power quality indices are within the acceptable limits of IEC 61000-3-2.

This paper deals with a new approach to design a fast charger for electric vehicle, which consists of a new bridgeless (BL) Zeta PFC (Power Factor Correction) converter with reduced size of DC-link capacitance cascaded by a buck converter. The battery fast charging is provided based on a new approach of operating the PFC converter at increased DC-link voltage, as compared to the conventional slow chargers. This implies to the reduced size of DC-link capacitance, as the value of DC-link capacitance varies inversely with respect to the DC-link voltage. The proposed BL Zeta converter has lower device voltage stress, which ensures a high-power density and better efficiency during fast charging at the battery end. A buck converter is used to control the battery current during constant current and constant voltage modes. Moreover, the operation of two converters in the discontinuous conduction mode (DCM) gives the benefit of fewer sensors as sensing of input side quantities is avoided. It is shown that with the proposed topology, the battery charging can be achieved 8 times faster than conventional BL Zeta converter.

This work proposes a novel approach for managing the output DC link voltage of a single-phase power factor correction (PFC) converter for electric vehicle (EV) charging without using a DC voltage sensor. The inputs and outputs of conventional boost PFC converters normally use several expensive sensors such as input voltage, input current, and output voltage. These sensors are employed to maintain system stability and control the quality of the power. A DC voltage sensorless control utilizing an estimator is used to lower the cost and hardware complexity of the power converter. The output DC link voltage is predicted using the available input voltage and current signals. For a high power factor, the controller follows the reference sine wave signal. Additionally, the converter exhibits extremely steady performance under transient fluctuations in load for a typical 1kW PFC converter. A novel Simplified Optimum Intelligent PID (SOI-PID) controller is designed for a 2.4kW, 400V output voltage, and 6A rated load, based on the second order transfer function of the system, both designs are analyzed, simulated, and compared for the same circuit parameters and loading conditions. The novel SOI-PID controller has shown advantageous performance in both transient and steady-state periods including lower rise and settling times, lower maximum overshoot, fast response to load variation, and lower stress on switching element which leads to better efficiency and lower fixed cost of the overall system.

This study deals the design, simulation and implementation of an isolated Zeta converter based novel cost-effective, dual-colored, step-dimming with power quality improvement at universal AC mains while operating the power factor correction (PFC) converter in Discontinuous Conduction Mode (DCM). The PFC Zeta converter is able to provide regulated output current to a string of LED load of 23 W and maintains the power quality indices within the requirements of IEC61000-3-2 for class C equipments with high level of efficiency. Moreover, to achieve cost benefit and size reduction, this converter utilizes reduced control circuitry for the emerging LED lighting solutions. A novel cost effective color changing is discussed with primary-side regulation (PSR) technique using an isolated Zeta converter. A prototype of the Zeta converter with color changing solution and step-dimming mechanism is implemented to evaluate the proposed approach. The overall power factor at full load condition is achieved around 0.98 and AC mains current THD as 7.15% with an efficiency of 85.56% at rated voltage of 220V.

This paper presents an IHQRR (Integrated High Quality Rectifier Regulator) BIFRED (Boost Integrated Flyback Rectifier Energy Storage DC-DC) converter fed BLDC (Brushless DC) motor drive. A reduced sensor topology is derived by utilizing a BIFRED converter to operate in a dual DCM (Discontinuous Conduction Mode) thus utilizing a voltage follower approach for the PFC (Power Factor Correction) and voltage control. A new approach for speed control is proposed using a single voltage sensor. The speed of the BLDC motor drive is controlled by varying the DC link voltage of the front end converter. Moreover, fundamental frequency switching of the VSI's (Voltage Source Inverter) switches is used for the electronic commutation of the BLDC motor which reduces the switching losses in the VSI. The proposed drive is designed for a wide range of speed control with an improved power quality at the AC mains which falls within the recommended limits imposed by international power quality standards such as IEC 61000-3-2.