Shifting terminology and confusing representations

Like quantitative content analysis, qualitative content analysis is an empirical method of social sciences for analyzing live or recorded human communication such as → Newspaper articles, protocols of → television news or programs, transcripts of → interviews, or protocols from → observations (→ Content Analysis, Quantitative). This written or transcribed material is called text material in this context (→ Text and Intertextuality). From a general perspective, there are two main differences between quantitative and qualitative content analysis. First, quantitative content analysis works deductively and measures quantitatively. In this respect, quantitative content analysis decomposes the text material into different parts and assigns numeric codes to these elements or parts. Of course, such parts are not just words, but are rather issues, statements, arguments, or bundles of → meaning. By contrast, however, qualitative content analysis works inductively by summarizing and classifying elements or parts of the text material and assigning labels or categories to them. In this respect, qualitative content analysis searches rather for “coherent” meaning structures in the text material.

This chapter discusses the principles of textual analysis as a means of gathering information and evidence in political research. Textual analysis has generated strong interest as a research method not only in Politics and International Relations, but also throughout the social sciences. In political research, two forms of textual analysis have become particularly prominent: discourse analysis and content analysis. The chapter examines discourse analysis and content analysis and explains the use of documents, archival sources, and historical writing as data. It considers the distinction between discourse analysis and content analysis, as well as the differences between qualitative and quantitative content analysis. It also describes the procedures that are involved in both quantitative and qualitative content analysis.

The article deals with the urgent problem of possibilities of using information and communication technologies during epidemics, and their role in the organization of the educational process in Ukraine under quarantine conditions. The analysis of publications on the role of information and communication technologies in epidemics has been carried out by searching on the Internet platforms that comprise abstract databases of scientific journal publications and patents. It is found out that for the most existing works are concerned with the closure of institutions during infectious disease outbreaks, the analysis of the importance of information and communication technologies in epidemics, the role of social media during pandemics, the role of mobile technologies in supporting the continuity of education during temporary closures of schools caused by different crises, experiences of the use of online or other communication technology for the temporary distance learning provision. The analysis of the publications revealed that most of the scientific papers found have been devoted to the problem of preventing the spread of the epidemic rather than organizing the educational process at the educational institution. The carried out research has comprised a quantitative and qualitative (content) analysis of Internet search results in various information resources and Internet services. The qualitative content analysis has been applied to clarify the essence of information and communication technology concepts of and to define the value of information and communication technologies for the organization of the educational process under quarantine conditions. The quantitative content analysis has been used to identify the frequency of words or phrases contained in the texts of scientific articles, web pages, social media posts outlined by the research topic. The analysis of articles in search systems for scientific publications and patents, the analysis of official information resources of different countries, the electronic search in the most popular search engines, the analysis of messages on the most popular social networks, the analysis of lists of educational topics, search in the shops of mobile applications have been carried out in the research. The descriptive analysis, classification, grouping, and graphical methods have been used to systematize, summarize, and present the results of the research. It is concluded that, at present, informing the population and educational institutions on the organization of the educational process under the conditions of pandemics and quarantine is not of sufficiently high quality and opportune. The situation with the dissemination of information and the support of educators in such an emergency as a pandemic needs further study, it is advisable to direct the actions and reactions of educators during this period in particular scientific analysis.

Актуальность темы междисциплинарного осмысления символических паттернов будущего молодежью России определяется потребностью в самовыражении собственного восприятия будущего у молодого поколения через социальные коммуникации и отсутствием социально-философских работ, посвященных анализу взаимодействий между элементами познавательных аспектов и представлений о будущем в конкретных символах. Цель работы: определить символические реалии современной российской молодежи, репрезентативным свойством отражения которых на данный момент являются молодежные СМИ. Методы анализа: контент-анализ (качественный и количественный) молодежных СМИ развлекательного характера вместе с методологией социального конструктивизма для установления релятивных символических паттернов образов будущего в представлении молодого поколения. Результаты. Было установлено, что процесс конструирования концепта «образ будущего» происходит на субъективном уровне, а символ как фрагмент мышления находит отражение в современных молодежных СМИ, в рамках которых процессы знаковой динамики рефлексируют и задают правила конструирования действительности. Также исследование позволило описать триггерные точки (оптимистическая оценка личного и общего будущего России) в субъективном символизме, где главной конструирующей силой является непосредственный субъект (интервьюируемый студент) в контексте различных компонентов. При анализе молодежных изданий было выявлено, что взаимодействие субъективного представления молодежи об образах будущего, коррелирующего с усиливающейся ролью социальных медиа, отражает положительную динамику представлений относительно будущего России в студенческом сообществе, но при этом показывает низкую вовлеченность молодого поколения страны в коллективные цели, в выстраивание идеи общего российского будущего в паттернах положительной направленности. Отмечается, что маркер «Карьера» отображается в качестве основной триггерной точки, которая является ключевым показателем собственного будущего для молодого поколения.

Abstract. Introduction. It has been established that content analysis is a method of quantitative and qualitative study of content to measure or identify certain trends and facts reflected in the texts proposed for study. The first examples of content analysis began to appear in social disciplines starting from the 30s of the last century in the USA. The basic system of content analysis includes: quick update of content, search for content on a certain resource, collection of content about regular and potential customers, audience analysis, analysis of resource visits. It is necessary to analyze the content of the site when the main tasks of the virtual project are not solved quickly enough or too efficiently. Quantitative content analysis is characterized by the frequency of occurrence of certain characteristics in the text. Qualitative content analysis - involves studying the form and structure of content. Nine stages of content analysis are distinguished: analysis of the situation, drawing up a plan, drawing up descriptions; site scanning. Analysis of descriptions for all types of products offered on the site; checking the effectiveness of the content - number of views, number of unique visitors, citations, rejection rate; entering information about keywords/phrases. Creating a map of keywords/phrases for the pages that are considered most significant; studying keywords. Analysis of query statistics for a list of keywords; integration of information from keywords. Determination of key phrases, the number of requests, information about the competition, entering information into the table; determining which content is missing.Definition of additional keywords and content corresponding to them; analysis of additional parameters of virtual pages. Research of popular and unpopular pages, pages with an increased level of risk (contain copied materials or information that does not cause any interest), improvement of publications; making recommendations. Selected software tools for site content analysis: Screaming Frog, XML-sitemaps.com, URL Profiler, Google Ads.

Introduction. Obtaining up-to-date sociological information about the specifics of the representation of the special military operation currently being carried out by the Russian Federation in the print media is actualized by the tasks of integration and consolidation of Russian society in a hybrid reality. Considering the media as the most important institution for the formation of public opinion, the authors rely on the theory of information society and communicative action, consider the informational and communicative sphere as determining in the construction of trends in the social and political process. Methods. The empirical study was conducted by the method of quantitative and qualitative content analysis and critical discourse analysis in the period from 08/21/2022 to 10/21/2022. The general totality is 484 articles, the sample is 105 articles. Results and its discussion. Based on the quantitative and qualitative analysis of publications, the authors identified 4 thematic clusters and their content characteristics: military reports (26%), events around the special military operation (SMO) (30%), partial mobilization (28%) and peaceful life under the SMO (16%). Using the method of critical discourse analysis, the dominant discourses replicated in the media (wars, victories, everyday life and normalization of the military situation, heroization of the SMO, sacrifice, struggle, unity), as well as the main strategies for the representation of the SMO were identified, the emotional load for each cluster was revealed. It is shown that the emotional tone of publications worsened before the announcement of partial mobilization in connection with the Ukrainian counteroffensive, became positively neutral after the announcement of partial mobilization and was further characterized by instability. On the basis of the discursive strategies identified, it is concluded that the dominant image of SMO as a just and liberating action, based on an appeal to the experience of the Great Patriotic War, determines the direction of integration of Russian society and its consolidation with the authorities. Possible risks of consolidation based on the restriction of the space of free discussion may be associated with a decrease in the level of trust in the authorities and an increase in the conflict of society in the future.

In recent years, an increasing number of natural and man-made disasters has demonstrated that a working relief supply chain management (RSCM) is crucial in order to alleviate the suffering of the affected population. Coordination, cooperation and collaboration within RSCM is essential for overcoming these destructive incidents. This paper explores the research undertaken in recent years, focusing on coordination, cooperation and collaboration in the field of supply chain management (SCM) and RSCM in order to provide unique definitions of these concepts taking the disaster setting into consideration. A systematic literature review including 202 academic papers published from 1996 onwards in top journals dealing with commercial supply and relief supply chain coordination, cooperation and collaboration is applied. In order to answer the underlying research questions in a proper way, a descriptive analysis and qualitative and quantitative content analysis of the papers are conducted. Descriptive results indicate that RSCM coordination, cooperation and collaboration have increasingly shifted into the focus of scientific research since 2001/2004 (i.e., 9/11 and the Indian Ocean Tsunami). Based on the qualitative content analysis, clear definitions of the terms coordination, cooperation and collaboration in SCM and RSCM were elaborated. The research landscape, as a result of the quantitative content analysis, allowed the identification of three issues that need to be addressed in future research work.

The Israel-Palestine conflict is a complex geopolitical struggle which captivated media attention worldwide. On 7th October 2023, Hamas militants initiated a momentous attack on Israel from the Gaza Strip, resulting in the tragic loss of over 1,400 lives and the capture of more than 200 individuals. In response to these hostilities, Israel has launched counterattacks on Gaza, which brought the unfortunate losses of more than 10,000 people. The news coverage of this conflict revealed the multifaceted dimensions of the struggle between the two countries, stemming from historical, geographical, and political disparities. The media’s portrayal of the conflict significantly influences public perception and policy decisions. This study analyses how The Star Online, a prominent Malaysian news outlet, frames the Israel-Palestine conflict. Using a mixed-methods approach, this study employs both quantitative and qualitative content analyses. Keyword searches, including “Israel-Palestine conflict” and “Gaza War”, were conducted to gather relevant news articles from 7th October 2023, to 7th January 2024. The aim is to identify prevailing topics and sources that subsequently help reveal the media treatment frameworks in this event. Examining these frameworks sheds light on how media representations shape the audience’s understanding of the conflict and its implications for regional stability. Both thematic and episodic frames are found in the findings where the thematic frames appear dominant. Solving the conflict is assigned as a societal responsibility. The frames proposed solutions and consequences of the conflict despite the conflict’s root causes are not discussed.

The aim of the present study was to know about the depiction of source, target and international target cultures in two English textbooks used at Secondary School Certificate (SSC) level in the government schools of Balochistan, Pakistan. The study was delimited only to reading passages of the prescribed textbooks. The study was descriptive and exploratory in nature and the specific method employed was content analysis. The study was a blend of quantitative and qualitative content analysis. In this connection, all the reading passages of the textbooks were firstly classified into cultural specific and neutral texts; secondly, cultural specific texts were categorized by adapting the frameworks of Cortazzi and Jin (2013); source culture, target culture, international target culture, Oliver (1942), and Chapelle (2009). The percentage of each category was calculated and then the cultural elements of each category were also discussed with the help of a devised checklist. The results of the study show that the percentage of neutral passages in the textbooks used in Balochistan is 65.38% whereas the percentage of passages having cultural contents is 34.61%. As for passages having cultural contents, the numbers of Mentions related to source culture(s) are 149(91.41%) whereas the numbers of Depiction are 57 (89.06%). As regards target culture(s), there are only 2(1.22%) instances of Mention and 4(6.25%) instances of Depiction. As for international target culture(s), the textbooks contain 12(7.36%) instances of Mention and only 3(4.68%) instances of Depiction. Overall, the study reveals that the textbooks do not provide sufficient cultural load as two third of the passages are neutral in nature. Moreover, the cultural elements in the textbooks are predominantly about source culture(s) and there is a dearth of cultural elements pertaining to target and international target cultures. Therefore, it is suggested that the textbooks should be improved by incorporating adequate amount of cultural elements across all the cultures for developing intercultural communicative competence in the learners. Keywords: source, target, international, culture, English, textbooks.

PurposePerformance management systems (PMSs) must remain dynamic and maintain the ability to withstand the high degrees of complexity brought about by digital technologies (DTs). Academics and practitioners have explored DTs and PMSs separately. This study aims to bridge the academic and practitioner discourse surrounding PMSs and DTs to promote knowledge diffusion and collaboration.Design/methodology/approachThe authors adopted a mixed method approach, combining quantitative and qualitative content analysis, which were validated through semi-structured interviews with academics and practitioners. The authors first conducted a content analysis of the academic literature contained in the Scopus database and the practitioners' literature featured in the Nexis Uni database.FindingsThe combined academic-practitioners’ body of knowledge underscores the risk and environmental dimension, as well as the theoretical frameworks employed to explore digitally empowered PMSs. These findings were corroborated by 17 confirmatory interviews conducted with scholars and practitioners.Research limitations/implicationsDue to its scope, the research is limited to publications listed on Scopus and Nexis Uni. Additionally, its qualitative and interpretative nature presents some generalizability issues.Originality/valueThis study connects the intentions of scholars and practitioners concerning PMSs and DTs to promote collaborative efforts and knowledge diffusion. Moreover, considering the broader spectrum of insights, this manuscript postulates new avenues of research that address the key issues and concerns of both academics and practitioners. Finally, this article showcases PMs- and DT-appropriate theoretical frameworks that can inform practitioners’ discourse and work.

Socio-interpersonal factors have a strong potential to protect individuals against pathological processing of traumatic events. While perceived social support has emerged as an important protective factor, this effect has not been replicated in people with intellectual disabilities (ID). One reason for this might be that the relevance of socio-interpersonal factors differs in people with ID: Social support may be associated with more stress due to a generally high dependency on sometimes unwanted support. An exploration of the role of posttraumatic, socio-interpersonal factors for people with ID is therefore necessary in order to provide adequate support. The current study aims to explore the subjective perception of social reactions to disclosure of sexual violence in four women with mild to moderate ID. The study was conducted in Austria. The women were interviewed about their perception of received social reactions as benevolent or harmful, their emotional response, and whether they perceived being treated differently due to their ID diagnosis. The interviews were analysed using qualitative content analysis. First, the interviews were coded inductively, and social reactions were then deductively assigned to three categories that were derived from general research: positive reactions, unsupportive acknowledgement, turning against. Findings on the perception of social reactions were in line with findings from the general population. Overall, participants reported that they did not feel that they were treated any differently from persons without disabilities. However, the social reactions they received included unjustified social reactions, such as perpetrators not being held accountable. A possible explanation may be a habituation and internalisation of negative societal attitudes towards women with ID. Empowerment programmes and barrier-free structural support for women with ID following trauma exposure should be improved.

Patients with diabetes may experience different needs according to their diabetes stage. These needs may be met via online health communities in which individuals seek health-related information and exchange different types of social support. Understanding the social support categories that may be more important for different diabetes stages may help diabetes online communities (DOCs) provide more tailored support to web-based users. This study aimed to explore and quantify the categorical patterns of social support observed in a DOC, taking into consideration users' different diabetes stages, including prediabetes, type 2 diabetes (T2D), T2D with insulin treatment, and T2D remission. Data were collected from one of the largest DOCs in Europe: Diabetes.co.uk. Drawing on a mixed methods content analysis, a qualitative content analysis was conducted to explore what social support categories could be identified in users' posts. A total of 1841 posts were coded by 5 human annotators according to a modified version of the Social Support Behavior Code, including 7 different social support categories: achievement, congratulations, network support, seeking emotional support, seeking informational support, providing emotional support, and providing informational support. Subsequently, quantitative content analysis was conducted using chi-square post hoc analysis to compare the most prominent social support categories across different stages of diabetes. Seeking informational support (605/1841, 32.86%) and providing informational support (597/1841, 32.42%) were the most frequent categories exchanged among users. The overall distribution of social support categories was significantly different across the diabetes stages (χ218=287.2; P<.001). Users with prediabetes sought more informational support than those in other stages (P<.001), whereas there were no significant differences in categories posted by users with T2D (P>.001). Users with T2D under insulin treatment provided more informational and emotional support (P<.001), and users with T2D in remission exchanged more achievement (P<.001) and network support (P<.001) than those in other stages. This is the first study to highlight what, how, and when different types of social support may be beneficial at different stages of diabetes. Multiple stakeholders may benefit from these findings that may provide novel insights into how these categories can be strategically used and leveraged to support diabetes management.

Individuals with intellectual disabilities (ID) face disproportionately poor health profiles, underscoring the need for targeted and tailored health promotion strategies. Increasing health-related knowledge is essential for making lifestyle changes. However, difficulties associated with ID can affect the learning processes within health promotion, challenging professionals to apply various strategies to promote health. There is a lack of research exploring strategies perceived as meaningful and helpful in everyday health promotion informed by the lived experiences of individuals with ID and the insights of those who support them. The aim of this study is to explore strategies and organisational prerequisites for health promotion targeting individuals with ID by including the perspectives of individuals with ID, their significant others and professionals within healthcare, social services and educational systems. The study was conducted in the southeast of Sweden. Data collection included eight workshops involving 30 participants in total. Individuals with ID (n = 14) participated in two constellations: one group attended a series of three workshops, whereas the other group attended a single workshop. Support persons, including significant others and professionals (n = 16), were divided into four separate groups, attending one workshop each. All workshops were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. The data were analysed using qualitative content analysis. Three categories emerged during analysis: enabling informed decision-making for health promotion, promoting health and well-being through encouraging relations, and organisational factors influencing prerequisites for health promotion. Learning about health among individuals with ID appears to constitute a vital component of healthy decision-making, and support persons play a central role in facilitating health-related learning in everyday contexts. Prominent strategies for health promotion targeting individuals with ID include enabling informed decision-making and fostering encouraging relationships. These strategies must be responsive to individual needs, grounded in everyday relationships and supported by organisational structures. Hindering organisational structures and limited health promotion knowledge among professionals may constrain these efforts. Strengthening professional capacity and organisational responsibility within health, social care and educational systems could enhance the conditions for equitable health promotion in this population.

Background: Clear and effective communication is a prerequisite to provide help and support in healthcare situations, especially in health, and social care services for persons with intellectual disabilities, as these clients commonly experience communication difficulties. Knowledge about how to communicate effectively is integral to ensuring the quality of care. Currently, however, there is a lack of such knowledge among staff working in the disabilities sector, which is exacerbated by challenges in the competence provision in municipal health and social care services. Therefore, the aim of the study was to explore staffs' experience of web-based training in relation to their professional caring for persons with intellectual disabilities and challenging behavior. The intention is to move toward well-evaluated and proven web-based training in order to contribute to competence provision in this specific context.Methods: Fourteen semi-structured interviews were carried out with individual staff members to gather data regarding their experiences with web-based training in relation to their profession. The collected data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis with a focus on both manifest and latent content.Results: The staff's experiences with the web-based training program were presented as a single main theme: “Web-based training for staff initiates a workplace learning process by promoting reflections on and awareness of how to better care for persons with intellectual disabilities and challenging behavior.” This theme contained three categories which are based on eight sub-categories.Conclusion and clinical implications: The benefits of web-based training for workplace learning could clearly be observed in the strengthening of professional care for persons with intellectual disabilities and challenging behavior. Staff members claimed to have gained novel insights about how to better care for clients as well as about the importance of interactions in their encounters with clients. Professional teamwork is crucial to providing effective care for persons with intellectual disabilities and challenging behavior. Hence, future research aimed at investigating the views of other healthcare professionals, such as registered nurses, is recommended to improve the competence provision within municipal health and social care services and thereby enhance the quality of care.

A baseline summary of framing research in public relations from 1990 to 2009