Smart Business for Smart Users: A Social Agenda for Developing Smart Grids

This is a study of the visions and expectations which have been put forward by experts about smart grids. Within the sociology of expectation, such visions are given performative significance, and as such these expectations can provide us with an idea of where smart grid development is intended to take us. In order to gain insight into these issues, this paper first undertakes a literature review of 40 smart grid research papers. Thereafter, the paper reviews the self-reporting of 19 smart grid demo projects within the ERA-Net research framework of the EU. The findings suggest that there are three distinct expert smart grid narratives about users, one economic, one technical, and one which consists of a social science critique. The first one seeks to facilitate for user rationality by economic incentives, whereas the second seeks largely to automate the consumption and thereby bypass the question of active users. Social science critique is found to evaluate imagined users and their potential correspondence with real ones. When actual failure of economic incentives is recorded in demo sites, the economic rationale narrative exhibits surprising resilience within the frameworks. Technical narratives reinforce the argument for bypassing the user with the aid of technology, thereby suggesting performativity at work. The discussion raises the question of the actual and perceived need for active users in the smart grid, and suggests that strategies for non-participation of end users in the smart grid are both relevant and necessary.

The global upsurge in research of smart grid and demand response (DR) is opening up new opportunities and challenges to China's power industry in recent years. The smart grid emphasize the interaction with user particularly, including the information interaction and power interaction, which are achieved through the deployment of various types of DR programs. Meanwhile, the development of smart grid also depends on demand response mechanism in the open market environment. DR coincides with the goal of smart grid which is to achieve a high-security, economical, reliable and efficient power system. So the collaboration between smart grid and demand response is talked in this paper. First,we analyze the relationship between smart grid and demand response systematically.Second,the development conditions of DR project in China and abroad are expounded. Furthermore, the necessity and significance of pushing DR project into smart grid is discussed and summarized, finally, methods and suggestions for achieving the collaboration are presented. (4 pages)

With the rapid development of national economy, our demand for power resources has also increased rapidly. The traditional power grid can not be achieved operational status of equipment for effective monitoring and control, we will not be able to ensure the quality and quality of electricity service. Cloudbased build smart grid information platform enables gathering the parameter of grid operation state, greatly increasing the economic efficiency of power enterprises. Firstly, cloud computing and smart grid briefly described, and then pointed out that cloud computing applications in the smart grid information platform, and specialized of cloud-based smart grid information platform, in order for the power grid enterprises to enhance their level of service and provide effective reference. KEYWORD: cloud computing; smart power grids; information platform; Application 4th International Conference on Mechanical Materials and Manufacturing Engineering (MMME 2016) © 2016. The authors Published by Atlantis Press 202 3 THE MAIN PROBLEM IS STILL THE SMART GRID INFORMATION PLATFORM FACING The transition to a cloud computing data center. Our data center because of the different regions and the degree of information presents different characteristics, some data centers already have a basic cloud computing capabilities, but most data centers still remain in the initial level, to ensure the normal operation of the existing data center power under the premise, gradual transition to cloud computing data center in order to meet future requirements of the development of smart grid. Restricting data transmission problem. State Grid Corporation between provincial branches and there are a lot of data needs to be transmitted, will bring massive data transmission efficiency decreases, taking into account the load balancing device between the cloud node, thus building a wide area network channels to resolve data transmission problem. Security of data transmission. Data Center for Cloud Computing power companies to build internal private cloud, capable of self-maintenance and management, system wide area network data transmission services, according to the third security zone defined security partition, and install proprietary equipment production area and external public network isolation . 4 CLOUD COMPUTING APPLICATIONS IN THE SMART GRID INFORMATION POLICY PLATFORM Integrate and optimize the management of heterogeneous resources. Among the smart grid systems, data resources, information systems between various platforms and mutually dispersed, severe heterogeneity, thus leading to the integration of the quality of information sharing to increase difficulty, unable to effectively improve network management efficiency for the power distribution system electrical work quality management and marketing operations system maintenance upgrade will not be able to effectively meet demand (Jie Yang, 2014). Cloud computing technology enables the power system to effectively integrate the various business data and computing resources on the basis of information for business collaboration platform built on effective, able to satisfy the huge demand for smart grid information resource sharing. Cloud computing network virtualization and application virtualization technology, the server virtualization technology and other resources to achieve each service abstraction, and then realize the difference between the system and the software effectively eliminated by the appropriate method to achieve the effective integration of information resources, and then to optimize the management, greatly improving the efficiency of heterogeneous resources management applications. Distributed storage and management of large volume of data. After application of smart grid information platform construction, customer service requests varied, huge data volume information brought it to the storage and management of data provides a great challenge. Cloud computing technology in general face amount of data each smart grid system and unit collected using forms distributed storage of data to achieve the effective storage, greatly to ensure the security and reliability of data storage. GFS effective use of technology with each node, the master server is responsible for the effective management of the whole file system, the file system and complete the work of the metadata stored in the data block is the main server for data storage block sliced, and by saving three or more redundant backup storage. At the same time, client access and complete access to the main block server information. Fast Power System Parallel Computation and Treatment. Smart grids and information platform for the large volume of data to provide stable operation of the power grid data base, but more critical is the analysis and design of each system operating data, planning and decision-making, and even failures and transient stability, state estimation and intelligent a variety of computing and content analysis and decision-making process, its huge computing needs, general computing system can not reach its goal (Wang, Mengxue, 2015). Cloud computing technology through parallel computing technology has greatly enhanced parallel processing capability of the power system, which provides parallel programming model makes more simple and efficient parallel algorithms. MapReduce as Google made an important parallel programming model, and its role in large data sets in parallel computing plays a very prominent. Parallel processing job results by the client to achieve effective user submitted, via decomposition automated master role, the corresponding task scheduling to working nodes and nodes work completed by the specific calculations and perform the appropriate task. 5 SMART GRID INFORMATION PLATFORM CLOUD COMPUTING ANALYSIS Cloud Computing Smart Grid Information Platform Architecture. Smart grid technology information platform architecture cloud computing include the following several levels and aspects (Yan Cui, 2015): First, that the platform infrastructure layer is the integration of the various hardware resources and related management capabilities of virtualized using virtual technology to achieve the corresponding hardware devices such as computers and network storage devices abstraction, and then complete the automation and optimization of resource data and load management; secondly, the main platform for the integration of the various layers of software

Smart Grid and its future perspectives in Australia

The future smart grid (SG) is envisioned as a very dynamic and decentralized energy network, where electricity is generated in distributed and dispersed ways, while the customers are not only consumers but also producers, playing an active role in energy generation. Bidirectional interactions between producers, consumers, and other entities are possible in the SG. Collaboration and near or real-time interactions are envisioned between all grid stakeholders, but these will depend upon timely communication, monitoring, and control capabilities. To realize the emerging SG infrastructure, several services are needed to empower all stakeholders and enable them to realize the expected interactions. The SG deployment and development have given rise to a strong interdisciplinary research. The SG is designed to integrate the most advanced communication, networking, and computing technologies into electrical power grids to make them smarter. The current status is that most of the blackouts and voltage disturbances could be prevented if we had better and faster communication devices and technologies to run the electrical grid. In order to make the current electrical power grid a smart grid, the design and implementation of a new communication and computing infrastructure for the grid are important research fields. These new technologies are seen as additional instruments that will be available to achieve targets for promoting competition, increasing the safety, reliability, and efficiency of electricity systems, and reducing the environmental impacts of energy generation. However, the boom in SGs also raises many economic and social questions.

Smart grid has become the hot topic to domestic and foreign about the development trend of power grid in recent years, and communication technology is foundation of the development of smart grid; the paper forecasts the smart grid communications automation and development trend.Further from intelligent dispatching center, smart grid, smart distribution grid and users, in view of the existing and emerging intelligent and automatic application were communication needs analysis, and provide a reliable basis for the smart grid communications planning.

Current power grid and market development, characterized by large growth of distributed energy sources in recent years, especially in Europa, are according energy storage systems an increasingly larger field of implementation. Existing storage technologies, e.g. pumped-storage power plants, have to be upgraded and extended by new but not yet commercially viable technologies (e.g. batteries or adiabatic compressed air energy storage) that meet expected demands. Optimal sizing of storage systems and technically and economically optimal operating strategies are the major challenges to the integration of such systems in the future smart grid. This paper surveys firstly the literature on the latest niche applications. Then, potential new use case and operating scenarios for energy storage systems in smart grids, which have been field tested, are presented and discussed and subsequently assessed technically and economically.

An efficient dependable smart power grid relies on the secure real-time data collection and transmission service provided by a monitoring system. In such a system, the measuring units, such as phasor measurement units (PMUs) and smart meters (SMs), are critical. These measuring equipments function as sensors in the smart grid. Data exchanges between these sensors and the central controller are protected by various security protocols. These protocols usually contain computationally intensive cryptographic algorithms that cause heavy energy overhead to the sensor nodes. Since PMUs and SMs are mostly energy-constrained, the problem of how to ensure the secure communication with minimum energy cost becomes a critical issue for the functionality of the whole smart grid. In this article, we focus on the low power secure communication of the PMUs and SMs. We take two wireless sensor platforms as examples to experimentally investigate the approaches and principles of reconciling the two conflicting system requirements-communication security and low energy consumptions. The proposed methods are general ones and applicable to other energy-constrained yet security sensitive systems.

The future smart power grid will consist of an unlimited number of smart devices that communicate with control units to maintain the grid's sustainability, efficiency, and balancing. In order to build and verify such controllers over a large grid, a scalable simulation environment is needed. This paper presents an open source smart grid simulator (SGSim). The simulator is based on open source SystemC Network Simulation Library (SCNSL) and aims to model scalable smart grid applications. SGSim has been tested under different smart grid scenarios that contain hundreds of thousands of households and appliances. By using SGSim, different smart grid control strategies and protocols can be tested, validated and evaluated in a scalable environment.

Smart grids are smart grids because they don't only transport electricity but also information that will become an active part of the electricity supply system. Smart grid evolution has, thus, a lot to gain through the exploitation of emerging Future Internet networking technologies for the efficient collection and management of the acquired information. The capabilities for interconnection of numerous intelligent networking devices, the advanced monitoring and control of dynamic networking infrastructures and the efficient handling of large volumes of data are research areas that have direct applicability into the smart grid design and operation. This article presents our insights for the design of a novel and open overlay networking architecture for leveraging end-to-end interconnection of physical or virtual objects, for achieving decentralized data management, and for providing distributed services in smart grid environments. The proposed architecture follows a layered-approach and extends or adapts a set of existing overlay and IP protocols. In addition, a smart grid business-oriented scenario is briefly presented in order to explain how future technologies may be used to fulfill contemporary society needs.

With the development of new technologies for smart grid construction, the smart grid is gradually developing. Smart grid construction is an important field of next generation information technology, and its value and significance have been widely recognized. Smart grid construction not only provides development opportunities, but also brings great challenges. Security and privacy have become serious problems in the development of smart grid. Based on this, this paper discusses the system structure of the block chain, and puts forward the security diagnosis scheme of the smart grid according to the existing problems in the smart grid. Based on the theoretical basis of smart grid big data technology, this paper combines the grid data encryption process with the privacy protection process under the premise of protecting privacy and security, and develops the latest network security protocol. Then use block chain distributed storage to reduce the connection protection process in privacy, and use multi-level encryption. The experimental results show that the technology can improve the rate of sensitive data hiding and has good anti-cracking ability, which provides a theoretical reference for the construction of enterprise power grid.

Harnessing sunlight beyond earth: Sustainable vision of space-based solar power systems in smart grid

Smart grid development is an area where the discussion about who can be negatively affected by low-carbon energy transitions has progressed. The research on vulnerable households in smart grids often focuses on how potentially vulnerable groups react to smart energy technologies. This paper contributes to the literature by highlighting how a broad range of actors in society think about neglected and vulnerable households in smart grids. The research question concerns how stakeholders frame potential inequalities, differentiations, and vulnerabilities in smart grids in Sweden. The frame analysis is carried out, building on interviews with national and local public authorities dealing with energy issues and consumer advice, actors involved in developing, testing, and using smart energy technologies as well as interest organizations representing diverse social groups. Three narratives are identified that frame potentially neglected households as consumers without economic benefits; as users without technological interests, competences, and access to technologies; and as households with intersecting vulnerabilities. It is argued that, since there could be different interpretations of inequalities in smart grids, the governance of smart grids, and specifically discussions of neglected/vulnerable households in smart grids, can benefit from the involvement of a broad coalition of actors.

The deployment of smart grids has a major role to play in Japan’s aspiration to achieve sustainable energy systems. A smart grid in Japan is designed to have an intelligent monitoring system, which not only keeps track of all the energy coming in from diverse sources but also can detect where energy is needed through a two-way communication system that collects data about how and when consumers use power. This chapter examines the vision, concepts, and elements of Japan’s smart grid development. Smart grids are a part of the Japanese government’s ‘go green’ effort to bring Japan to a leadership position in environmental and energy sustainability. This analysis provides an overview of Japan’s major initiatives in deploying smart grids, including smart communities, large-scale smart grid pilot projects in four major cities, as well as overseas collaboration. Major smart grid awareness promotion bodies in Japan are discussed along with their important initiatives for influencing and shaping policy, architecture, standards, and traditional utility operations. Implementing a smart grid will not happen quickly because when Japan does adopt one, it will continue to undergo transformation and be updated to support new technologies and functionality.

Smart Grid is one of the critical technologies that provide essential services to sustain social and economic developments. There are various cyber attacks on the Smart Grid system in recent years, which resulted in various negative repercussions. Therefore, understanding the characteristics and evaluating the consequences of an attack on the Smart Grid system is essential. The combination of Graphical Security Model (GrSM), including Attack Tree (AT) and Attack Graph (AG), and the Common Vulnerability Score System (CVSS) is a potential technology to analyze attack on Smart Grid system. However, there are a few research works about Smart Grid attack analysis using GrSM and CVSS. In this research, we first conduct a comprehensive study of the existing research on attack analysis using GrSM and CVSS, ranging from (1) Traditional Networks, (2) Emerging Technologies, to (3) Smart Grid. We indicate that the framework for automating security analysis of the Internet of Things is a promising direction for Smart Grid attack analysis using GrSM and CVSS. The framework has been applied to assess security of the Smart Grid system. A case study using the PNNL Taxonomy Feeders R4-12.47-2 and Smart Grid network model with gateways was conducted to validate the utilized framework. Our research is enriched by capturing all potential attack paths and calculating values of selected security metrics during the vulnerability analysis process. Furthermore, AG can be generated automatically. The research can potentially be utilized in Smart Grid cybersecurity training.KeywordsSmart GridGraphical Security Model (GrSM)Common Vulnerability Score System (CVSS)Attack analysisAttack treeAttack graph