Smart Grid and its future perspectives in Australia

With the rapid development of national economy, our demand for power resources has also increased rapidly. The traditional power grid can not be achieved operational status of equipment for effective monitoring and control, we will not be able to ensure the quality and quality of electricity service. Cloudbased build smart grid information platform enables gathering the parameter of grid operation state, greatly increasing the economic efficiency of power enterprises. Firstly, cloud computing and smart grid briefly described, and then pointed out that cloud computing applications in the smart grid information platform, and specialized of cloud-based smart grid information platform, in order for the power grid enterprises to enhance their level of service and provide effective reference. KEYWORD: cloud computing; smart power grids; information platform; Application 4th International Conference on Mechanical Materials and Manufacturing Engineering (MMME 2016) © 2016. The authors Published by Atlantis Press 202 3 THE MAIN PROBLEM IS STILL THE SMART GRID INFORMATION PLATFORM FACING The transition to a cloud computing data center. Our data center because of the different regions and the degree of information presents different characteristics, some data centers already have a basic cloud computing capabilities, but most data centers still remain in the initial level, to ensure the normal operation of the existing data center power under the premise, gradual transition to cloud computing data center in order to meet future requirements of the development of smart grid. Restricting data transmission problem. State Grid Corporation between provincial branches and there are a lot of data needs to be transmitted, will bring massive data transmission efficiency decreases, taking into account the load balancing device between the cloud node, thus building a wide area network channels to resolve data transmission problem. Security of data transmission. Data Center for Cloud Computing power companies to build internal private cloud, capable of self-maintenance and management, system wide area network data transmission services, according to the third security zone defined security partition, and install proprietary equipment production area and external public network isolation . 4 CLOUD COMPUTING APPLICATIONS IN THE SMART GRID INFORMATION POLICY PLATFORM Integrate and optimize the management of heterogeneous resources. Among the smart grid systems, data resources, information systems between various platforms and mutually dispersed, severe heterogeneity, thus leading to the integration of the quality of information sharing to increase difficulty, unable to effectively improve network management efficiency for the power distribution system electrical work quality management and marketing operations system maintenance upgrade will not be able to effectively meet demand (Jie Yang, 2014). Cloud computing technology enables the power system to effectively integrate the various business data and computing resources on the basis of information for business collaboration platform built on effective, able to satisfy the huge demand for smart grid information resource sharing. Cloud computing network virtualization and application virtualization technology, the server virtualization technology and other resources to achieve each service abstraction, and then realize the difference between the system and the software effectively eliminated by the appropriate method to achieve the effective integration of information resources, and then to optimize the management, greatly improving the efficiency of heterogeneous resources management applications. Distributed storage and management of large volume of data. After application of smart grid information platform construction, customer service requests varied, huge data volume information brought it to the storage and management of data provides a great challenge. Cloud computing technology in general face amount of data each smart grid system and unit collected using forms distributed storage of data to achieve the effective storage, greatly to ensure the security and reliability of data storage. GFS effective use of technology with each node, the master server is responsible for the effective management of the whole file system, the file system and complete the work of the metadata stored in the data block is the main server for data storage block sliced, and by saving three or more redundant backup storage. At the same time, client access and complete access to the main block server information. Fast Power System Parallel Computation and Treatment. Smart grids and information platform for the large volume of data to provide stable operation of the power grid data base, but more critical is the analysis and design of each system operating data, planning and decision-making, and even failures and transient stability, state estimation and intelligent a variety of computing and content analysis and decision-making process, its huge computing needs, general computing system can not reach its goal (Wang, Mengxue, 2015). Cloud computing technology through parallel computing technology has greatly enhanced parallel processing capability of the power system, which provides parallel programming model makes more simple and efficient parallel algorithms. MapReduce as Google made an important parallel programming model, and its role in large data sets in parallel computing plays a very prominent. Parallel processing job results by the client to achieve effective user submitted, via decomposition automated master role, the corresponding task scheduling to working nodes and nodes work completed by the specific calculations and perform the appropriate task. 5 SMART GRID INFORMATION PLATFORM CLOUD COMPUTING ANALYSIS Cloud Computing Smart Grid Information Platform Architecture. Smart grid technology information platform architecture cloud computing include the following several levels and aspects (Yan Cui, 2015): First, that the platform infrastructure layer is the integration of the various hardware resources and related management capabilities of virtualized using virtual technology to achieve the corresponding hardware devices such as computers and network storage devices abstraction, and then complete the automation and optimization of resource data and load management; secondly, the main platform for the integration of the various layers of software

The promise of smart grids is very attractive. However, it is not yet clear what the future smart grid will look like. Although most researchers acknowledge that users will play a more prominent role in smart grids, there is a lot of uncertainty on this issue. To counter the strong technological bias in smart grid research and literature, we propose that research should focus more on the social and business dimension of smart grid developments. The main elements of such a research agenda are: Developing more socially embedded visions on smart grids and the services it will provide A shift in the focus on developing smart grids components and systems towards the services it will deliver Development and testing of innovative user-centered business models and ecosystems. More general, on the role of users in smart grids, the main lesson is that user roles should be taken more seriously in relation to smart grids: experts should no longer regard users exclusively and/or simply as potential barriers to smart grid innovation but also as important stakeholders and potential participants in the innovation process.

WSNs (Wireless Sensor Networks) have been considered one of the very promising technologies for the implementation of smart grid. And security of WSNs becomes a central concern. The security solutions for generic wireless sensor networks cannot be directly used in smart grid WSNs. In this paper, the applications of sensor networks in electric power systems are discussed and analyzed first. Then, the characteristics of smart grid WSNs are summarized. Threats and security requirements special for wireless sensor networks used in smart grid systems are presented. Based on these works, reference security architecture was proposed to guide the development and the design of the security solutions of wireless sensor networks in smart grid systems, considering the information security requirements of electric power systems. Moreover, open security issues needed solve to protect WSNs applied in smart grid, and research challenges are introduced.

The global energy landscape has always been dominated by fossil fuels, but with the intensification of climate change and environmental issues, people realize that the traditional energy system must be transformed. In order to integrate renewable energy and improve the sustainability and resilience of the energy system, smart grids have emerged. Smart grid is a modern grid system based on advanced communication, control and information technology, which can integrate renewable energy more effectively. As one of the renewable energy sources, solar energy plays an important role in the smart grid. It has the advantages of wide distribution, environmental protection, and renewable, and with technological progress and cost reduction, solar power generation is widely used in smart grids. Similarly, wind energy, another important renewable energy source, also plays an important role in the smart grid. The continuous development of wind turbine technology has made wind power generation more efficient and reliable, and the integration with smart grid infrastructure has further improved the efficiency of wind energy utilization. In addition, hydrogen energy has great potential as a clean energy carrier, but the storage and distribution of hydrogen energy in smart grid systems still face challenges.

Smart grids are smart grids because they don't only transport electricity but also information that will become an active part of the electricity supply system. Smart grid evolution has, thus, a lot to gain through the exploitation of emerging Future Internet networking technologies for the efficient collection and management of the acquired information. The capabilities for interconnection of numerous intelligent networking devices, the advanced monitoring and control of dynamic networking infrastructures and the efficient handling of large volumes of data are research areas that have direct applicability into the smart grid design and operation. This article presents our insights for the design of a novel and open overlay networking architecture for leveraging end-to-end interconnection of physical or virtual objects, for achieving decentralized data management, and for providing distributed services in smart grid environments. The proposed architecture follows a layered-approach and extends or adapts a set of existing overlay and IP protocols. In addition, a smart grid business-oriented scenario is briefly presented in order to explain how future technologies may be used to fulfill contemporary society needs.

An efficient dependable smart power grid relies on the secure real-time data collection and transmission service provided by a monitoring system. In such a system, the measuring units, such as phasor measurement units (PMUs) and smart meters (SMs), are critical. These measuring equipments function as sensors in the smart grid. Data exchanges between these sensors and the central controller are protected by various security protocols. These protocols usually contain computationally intensive cryptographic algorithms that cause heavy energy overhead to the sensor nodes. Since PMUs and SMs are mostly energy-constrained, the problem of how to ensure the secure communication with minimum energy cost becomes a critical issue for the functionality of the whole smart grid. In this article, we focus on the low power secure communication of the PMUs and SMs. We take two wireless sensor platforms as examples to experimentally investigate the approaches and principles of reconciling the two conflicting system requirements-communication security and low energy consumptions. The proposed methods are general ones and applicable to other energy-constrained yet security sensitive systems.

Smart grid has become the hot topic to domestic and foreign about the development trend of power grid in recent years, and communication technology is foundation of the development of smart grid; the paper forecasts the smart grid communications automation and development trend.Further from intelligent dispatching center, smart grid, smart distribution grid and users, in view of the existing and emerging intelligent and automatic application were communication needs analysis, and provide a reliable basis for the smart grid communications planning.

Smart Grid is one of the critical technologies that provide essential services to sustain social and economic developments. There are various cyber attacks on the Smart Grid system in recent years, which resulted in various negative repercussions. Therefore, understanding the characteristics and evaluating the consequences of an attack on the Smart Grid system is essential. The combination of Graphical Security Model (GrSM), including Attack Tree (AT) and Attack Graph (AG), and the Common Vulnerability Score System (CVSS) is a potential technology to analyze attack on Smart Grid system. However, there are a few research works about Smart Grid attack analysis using GrSM and CVSS. In this research, we first conduct a comprehensive study of the existing research on attack analysis using GrSM and CVSS, ranging from (1) Traditional Networks, (2) Emerging Technologies, to (3) Smart Grid. We indicate that the framework for automating security analysis of the Internet of Things is a promising direction for Smart Grid attack analysis using GrSM and CVSS. The framework has been applied to assess security of the Smart Grid system. A case study using the PNNL Taxonomy Feeders R4-12.47-2 and Smart Grid network model with gateways was conducted to validate the utilized framework. Our research is enriched by capturing all potential attack paths and calculating values of selected security metrics during the vulnerability analysis process. Furthermore, AG can be generated automatically. The research can potentially be utilized in Smart Grid cybersecurity training.KeywordsSmart GridGraphical Security Model (GrSM)Common Vulnerability Score System (CVSS)Attack analysisAttack treeAttack graph

A smart grid that integrates additional renewable energy sources (RES) requires advanced management strategies to increase dependability and efficiency. Accurate estimations of energy consumption and RES generation are essential to the functioning of the smart grid. But the evaluation procedure is still difficult due to the unpredictable nature of RES and the diverse energy consumption patterns of users. The research introduced an innovative approach, the modified coot-optimized tuned hierarchical artificial neural network (MCO-HANN), for managing RES in smart grids. To use RES data, with continuous wavelet transform (CWT) applied for pre-processing to extract significant features from energy usage data. A python-based implementation of the MCO-HANN approach is evaluated using various metrics, including RMSE (0.0435), precision (96.2%), recall (95.4%), MAE (0.035), and accuracy (97.6%). The results of a comparative analysis show that the proposed MCO-HANN approach outperforms existing techniques in managing RES within smart grids. However, the model's functionality is influenced by the quality of input data, and its scalability can face challenges when applied to large, real-world smart grid environments. The method offers a viable way to maximize the incorporation of RES in upcoming smart grid systems.

Nature oriented power generation systems are considered as renewable energy sources. Renewable energy generations are safe to the environment and nature, in terms of minimal radiation and pollution. The space requirement, operational and maintenance cost of renewable energy generation stations are also comparatively lesser than the conventional generating stations. The new form of micro grid energy stations of 230Volt supply attract the small commercial users and the domestic users. The smart grid energy generation is widely employed in the place where the conventional energy supply is not available. Due to its simple construction process, the smart grid renewable energy stations are employed on certain national highways as charging stations for electric vehicles and as a maintenance centre. The motive of the proposed work is to alert the smart grid system with an intelligent algorithm for making an efficient energy generation process on various climatic changes. This reduces the energy wastage in the primary smart grid station and makes the system more reliable on all conditions. The performance of the proposed approach is compared with a traditional smart grid system which yielded a satisfactory outcome.

In smart power grid systems, real-time electricity data sharing can bring many benefits. However the security and privacy challenges have been a concern. This is because shared data may contain some private and sensitive information of data owners or users. So it has been an important issue to balance data utilization, data privacy and users privacy. Privacy-preserving multi-authority attribute-based encryption (MA-ABE) is a promising tool to tackle this issue, but it cannot be directly applied to addressed scenario of smart power grid systems. In this paper, we propose a framework to achieve secure data sharing in smart grid. The scheme uses the technique of inner product encryption (IPE). Under this framework, the access policy and the attribute set are fuzzy by converting them into two vectors. Only when the two vectors are orthogonal, users can successfully obtain the sharing data. Besides, our scheme allows that the threshold access policy only involves attribute name indexes, and sensitive attribute values are not sent along with the shared data so the attribute privacy is preserved. In addition, in order to improve efficiency, our scheme adds a testing phase to avoid the unnecessary operation before recovering data. Finally, our performance analysis and experiments confirm the merits of the proposed framework.

The paper presents a smart grid system which is able to monitor and control a distribution grid area. The smart grid system helps to integrate photovoltaic in the system without negative effects. Especially the new developed functions of the smart grid system help to increase the cost efficiency. The established controller allows to integrate a huge amount of photovoltaic systems without losses in terms of grid reliability. To simplify the integration of a photovoltaic system in a smart grid system an automatic integration process is presented. This process evaluates the new properties until the new photovoltaic system is used as an actuator. The integration of photovoltaic systems as actuators in a smart distribution grid provides synergies and additional benefits. A huge number of actuators can provide control flexibility to solve local and overall critical grid situations. Therefore, the integration can be used to increase the grid reliability by a simultaneously increasing usage of renewable power generation.

Since the European Union aims to generate by renewable energy sources up to 80% of the total electric demand by 2050, the ideas towards integration traditional and distributed sources have been developed. Smart grid is one of such idea. In fact it helps to provide the concept of an interactive methodology implemented in the design IT tool for planning, observing and operating energy power infrastructure within rural areas. The Rural Intelligent Grid (“Rigrid”) Network in the framework of the initiative ERA-Net Smart Grids Plus leads to the emergence of demonstration installations for modern renewable and distributed energy in Podlaskie voivodship in Poland. The aim of the project Rigrid is to design and demonstrate an innovative tool for the planning and the operation of energy power infrastructures in rural areas. The final result of the project shall be an energy & measurement & IT system, verified in a laboratory in real conditions. The system shall have both options: to operate in parallel with the power grid or in island operating conditions, dedicated for the optimal planning and efficient operation of integrated renewable energy equipment in rural areas, ensuring continuous and secure supply of energy. The repetitive methodologies developed during the project will enable the efficient introduction and implementation of smart grid solutions that maximize RES and low carbon energy, while providing secure electricity supplies.

The Smart Grid (SG) is one of the most ultimate topics within the energy communities. It refers to the modernized electric grid, including innovative Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) to support enhanced power management, protection, security, reliability, and improved costumer choice. To that, SG systems depends on reliable and scalable networking solution to allow efficient communications amongst applications, as power monitoring, protection, demand response and advanced metering, and Intelligent Electronic Devices (IEDs) that provide SG system measurements. However, the deployment of SG applications is complex and very challenging, given the missing of standards and convergent technologies to enable the jointly operation of the underlying heterogeneous systems. SG applications must implement different interfaces to intercommunicate with IEDs in their platforms, process-bus communication protocol, network technologies, and other, limiting the system scalability and time response. We propose the Session Aware Multicast based Architecture (SAMbA) to decouple the intercommunication amongst SG applications and multiple heterogeneous IEDs. SAMbA also leverages multihoming control to keep best connected sessions, and adopts multicast-based channels to achieve optimized communications, while hiding network aspects, as naming and addressing, of IEDs. Simulation results from scenarios under Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) application traffic show that the SAMbA architecture outperforms the typical communication scheme in terms of network performance aspects.

With the development of new technologies for smart grid construction, the smart grid is gradually developing. Smart grid construction is an important field of next generation information technology, and its value and significance have been widely recognized. Smart grid construction not only provides development opportunities, but also brings great challenges. Security and privacy have become serious problems in the development of smart grid. Based on this, this paper discusses the system structure of the block chain, and puts forward the security diagnosis scheme of the smart grid according to the existing problems in the smart grid. Based on the theoretical basis of smart grid big data technology, this paper combines the grid data encryption process with the privacy protection process under the premise of protecting privacy and security, and develops the latest network security protocol. Then use block chain distributed storage to reduce the connection protection process in privacy, and use multi-level encryption. The experimental results show that the technology can improve the rate of sensitive data hiding and has good anti-cracking ability, which provides a theoretical reference for the construction of enterprise power grid.