Smart-technology in city planning of post-war cities

This talk revolves around critical perspectives on the smart city digitalization and its repercussions for a resilient urban society. The talk will deal with issues regarding who will benefit from implementing the smart city model and the talk will also cover how the smart city model may interact with transformations of human behavior linked to both climate mitigation and to the resilience of intertwined infrastructure-Internet systems of the smart city whilst global warming. While applying a critical perspective, I plan also to address the potentials that may open up by the digital city revolution. For instance, it is already a fast development of using smart technologies as new planning practices and simultaneously as novel research methods. For instance ‘citizens as sensors approaches’ are now being developed rapidly. The talk will cover both what kind of new understanding of urban sustainability and resilience such technologies may bring as well as its ethical implications, including environmental justice perspectives, and how smart city technologies may affect social health and human-nature connections

An exploration of smart city approaches by international ICT firms

Chapter 4 - Smart city solutions and climate change adaptation: An overview

<p><b>Local governments are innovatively applying smart city technology to resolve challenges in their jurisdictions. These challenges commonly relate to environmental sustainability, infrastructure, and transportation, and result in novel discourses within local government strategies and operations, such as Smart Environment, Smart Infrastructure, and Smart Mobility. Driven by the success of these discourses, local governments seek further solutions through converging the smart city technology with other disciplines. The next likely convergence is with the heritage discipline, subsequently producing the Smart Heritage discourse. Academic literature records that Smart Heritage is an emergent yet unformed discourse that is on the verge of application within local government. Smart Heritage presents opportunities to converge historical narratives with the automated and autonomous capabilities of smart technology. However, due to its novelty, the local government sector has no guidance on delivering Smart Heritage within strategies and operations. Therefore, this thesis comprehensively explores and defines the Smart Heritage discourse and addresses Smart Heritage's delivery within local government strategies and operations.</b></p> <p>The original contributions to knowledge in this thesis are the first thorough definition of Smart Heritage in academic literature and the production of Smart Heritage Principles, which direct the delivery of Smart Heritage within local government. This thesis firstly defines Smart Heritage through an investigation into the nascent patchwork of academic literature at the intersection of the smart city and heritage disciplines. This definition establishes the discursive framework for the subsequent inquiry into how to deliver Smart Heritage in local government organisations. In this inquiry, the researcher conducts three case studies on local governments in Australia: Broken Hill City Council, the City of Melbourne, and the City of Newcastle. In each case study, the researcher analyses strategic smart city and heritage documents and then interviews their smart city and heritage advisors regarding strategic and operational convergences between the disciplines. The researcher then synthesises the resulting data into cross-case key considerations that contextualise a base understanding of how local governments deliver Smart Heritage. Using this understanding, the researcher conducts a second round of interviews and synthesis that, in turn, produces the refined Smart Heritage Principles. The researcher validates the principles’ relevancy and applicability through an additional case study with Wellington City Council in New Zealand.</p> <p>The research finds that Smart Heritage in the academic literature is nascent yet organically forming around a shared discourse between the smart city and heritage disciplines. As a result, there are numerous understandings of Smart Heritage. Nevertheless, these understandings agree that Smart Heritage convergences historical contextual narratives with automatic and autonomous technologies and advances from the passive Digital Heritage discourse. The case studies find that there is a foundation for Smart Heritage within local government through strategic documents that share similar focuses and advisors who seek multi-disciplinary convergences. However, the disciplines’ overlapping is not explicitly recognised in strategic documents and operational models, leading to inadequate financial and staff resourcing of Smart Heritage and inefficient cross-disciplinary initiatives in local government. The research identifies four thematic key considerations that address delivering Smart Heritage within local government; recognition, delivery, resourcing, and innovation; and proposes four Smart Heritage Principles for local governments to follow in order to deliver the discourse. The researcher presents the principles in an industry-ready document at the end of the thesis.</p> <p>The implications of this research are the increased visibility of Smart Heritage as an academic discourse and support for the delivery of Smart Heritage within local government strategies and operations. Smart Heritage becomes more visible as this research solidifies then illuminates a discursive pathway that researchers can engage with. Importantly, this research presents evidence that Smart Heritage is extant within academic literature and local governments, supporting its position as a constructive academic and practical discourse. The Smart Heritage Principles support the delivery of Smart Heritage within local government strategies and operations through the applied guidance they offer the organisations. As the industry-ready document is the first publication with this focus, the influence on the delivery of Smart Heritage is significant. The researcher aspires to share the Smart Heritage Principles document beyond this research context through its distribution to other councils globally.</p>

In recent years, “smart city” has become a buzzword in discussions about urbanisation. While in Europe and North America the initial utopian optimism has now receded, due to booming implementation costs and surveillance concerns, the smart city model has taken root in rapidly urbanising Asia in particular, thanks to the activism of China and Japan. For the latter, smart city technologies and technical know-how represent the new frontier of export goods. In April 2018, the Government of Japan and that of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam announced the construction of a new smart city on the outskirts of the Vietnamese capital Hanoi that is set to become Japan’s largest ODA project to date. Despite changes in the global hegemonic narratives on smart cities, the new project bears the features of an urban settlement that revolves around technological data collection for the sake of perfect efficiency, rather than for its prospective inhabitants. Against this backdrop, how did the Government of Japan succeed in constructing a convincing narrative for made-in-Japan smart cities? Since 2011, thanks to specific initiatives by Japan’s government and investments by Japanese tech companies in the sector, a Japanese discourse on smart cities has emerged. Through an examination of earlier critiques of the smart city model and a close analysis of official policies and books by energy policy intellectuals, this paper will identify the main features of the Japanese discourse on smart cities and place it in the context of an evolving broader global narrative. The study demonstrates how the Japanese discourse on smart cities largely reflects a corporate managerial vision of the city and, at the same time, a “technonationalist” approach that informs the country’s foreign policy.

Recently, smart technologies as well as the digitization has entered dynamically into our lives. Cities become mega-cities because of the over population, human health conditions are gradually degraded. The existence of disabled people and the lack of their socialization the diversity of stakeholders as human beings and the difficulty of integrating them into society are few of some problems that Smart City and Smart Technology come to give manageable solutions. Solutions that could find into suggesting researches and intelligence analytics. It is important to refer to this relationship of intelligent capabilities and human resources. This study presents an overview of digital technology especially for people with disabilities. It highlights the contribution of technology to simple everyday habits of disabled and the ability to access the immediate environment. In conclusion, this article is based on the individual requirements, human rights, and preferences of people with disabilities and gives an intriguing perspective to a subject that will be in the limelight and provide effective solutions in the next years driven by technological developments.

Globally, cities strive to attain sustainability goals by leveraging smart technologies. Accordingly, there have been consistent scholarly efforts to elucidate the connection between adopting smart technologies (smartness domain) and achieving sustainability goals (sustainability domain). However, very little attention has been paid to exploring the processes through which these two domains are systematically integrated. This paper addresses this gap by asking: How are smart technologies institutionalised within socio-technical systems to achieve urban sustainability, particularly at the technology selection or experimentation stage? To answer this question, the paper aims to (1) identify and analyse drivers, enablers, and barriers (DEBs) to institutionalising smart technologies to achieve sustainability outcomes and (2) develop a conceptual model to elucidate complex socio-institutional interactions between 'smartness' and 'sustainability' domains. We draw on interviews with policymakers, practitioners, and technical leaders in 23 smart city projects funded by the Australian federal government to identify a set of overarching DEBs, and a Grounded Theory Approach to construct a four-phase path model to formalise the institutionalisation of smart technologies for sustainability outcomes: Compatibility, Alignment, Co-adaptation, and Integration. The paper provides policymakers and practitioners with deeper insights into and crucial implications for enhancing implementation and institutionalisation strategies in current and future smart city programs in pursuit of sustainability. • Institutionalising smart technologies for sustainable goals faces many limitations. • We identified and analysed drivers, enablers, and barriers to institutionalisation. • We built a four-phase path: compatibility, alignment, co-adaptation, and integration. • Negotiating shared visions builds scaffolds for smart cities towards sustainability. • Smart technologies compatible with sustainable visions tend to evolve and diffuse.

Many cities are being named or motivated to become by the leaders, planners and officials. Smart cities infrastructure development involves grids for energy and water, networks for information and communications technologies (ICT) and mobility for transportation and logistics. The term is striving to be a solid brand in cities planning and management from all aspects. A very common theme in cities is the high dependency, and application of ICT technologies in city planning and management, which is expected to result-in superior and rational optimization of time and resources with harmonious smart city ecosystem. Nevertheless, the definitions of cities remain vague, and poor understanding may lead cities planners to possible technological traps such as heavy investments in ICT infrastructure for short-term solutions without reasonably considering the long term. As cities officials deals with rapid development, expansion and goals for creating sustainable development, dealing with climate change mitigation, and rationally manage resources, the precise definition and wisdom about being will be vital for smart cities leaders and planners. The aim of this study is to survey and assess the conceptual perceptions of smart cities by academicians, researchers, practitioners and policy makers about smart cities and the technology providers who developed smart city solutions. Furthermore, we survey the strategic ICT strategic frameworks used for smart cities.

The term ‘smart cities’ describes a bundle of informational technologies that are profoundly reconfiguring how cities are managed and experienced. This piece is an introduction to a special issue of the journal on cycling, cities, and smart technology. For all the attention on smart cities within the social sciences, surprisingly little scholarship has focused on the ways that specific technologies and practices are enrolled or incorporated into ideas and visions for the smart city or smart urbanism. The articles in the special issue “Cities and Smart Technology: The Case of Cycling” seek to address this lacuna.

Smart city technologies present opportunities for local governments, while also exposing them to new risks. While privacy threats and algorithmic biases have received significant attention within urban studies, cybersecurity has received far less. Our study examines systematic variation across smart city technologies in cyber-risks. We administered a survey to cybersecurity experts in which they ranked the vulnerabilities, threats, and consequences of potential cyberattacks for nine different smart city technologies. Analysis using a Markov-based approach indicates that cyber-risks vary greatly across technologies. Notably, technologies that are more vulnerable in technological terms are also viewed as most likely to be impactful if an attack were to occur, and most likely to be targeted by nation-states. Case studies of emergency or security alerts and smart water meters—ranked as most risky and less risky respectively—underscore and help explain this variation, while also highlighting that local governments vary in their ability to vet vendors, and that cyber-protections are typically subordinated to other concerns in procurement decisions. Our study illustrates the utility of disaggregating the concept of the “smart city,” and the analytic utility of comparisons across technologies rather than geographic units and provides a useful framework for local government decision-making.

Why do cities adopt smart technologies? Contingency theory and evidence from the United States

Rapid urbanization has brought about an influx of people to cities, tipping the scale between urban and rural living. Population predictions estimate that 64% of the global population will reside in cities by 2050. To meet the growing resource needs, improve management, reduce complexities, and eliminate unnecessary costs while enhancing the quality of life of citizens, cities are increasingly exploring open innovation frameworks and smart city initiatives that target priority areas including transportation, sustainability, and security. The size and heterogeneity of urban centers impede progress of technological innovations for smart cities. We propose a Smart Stadium as a living laboratory to balance both size and heterogeneity so that smart city solutions and Internet of Things (IoT) technologies may be deployed and tested within an environment small enough to practically trial but large and diverse enough to evaluate scalability and efficacy. The Smart Stadium for Smart Living initiative brings together multiple institutions and partners including Arizona State University (ASU), Dublin City University (DCU), Intel Corporation, and Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA), to turn ASU’s Sun Devil Stadium and Ireland’s Croke Park Stadium into twinned smart stadia to investigate IoT and smart city technologies and applications.

The need to paying attention to smart city initiatives in several countries has been varying, as cities are undergoing multifaceted ecological changes due to climate change and dealing with multiple issues like economic, social, and environmental management. To address these challenges, smart cities focus on the areas of education, health, governance, media, energy, and other services. The literature reveals three types of smart city drivers, namely policy, society, and technology, that are related to five outcomes: sustainability, livability, accessibility, productivity, and wellbeing. The use of smart sensors to identify the structural damages in reinforced concrete structures is also included in this chapter with studies of Singapore and India. The aim of this chapter is to provide an overview of smart cities and how Singapore-like countries are continuously working in the different sectors to make their cities adhere/solve the challenges by adopting frontier technologies like Internet of Things (IoT) and Artificial Intelligence (AI). The smart city is one of the solutions for the future requirements and path toward sustainable development.

Since the Act on the Construction, etc. of Ubiquitous Cities was enacted in 2008, Ubiquitous City Planning has been established by many municipalities to improve urban competitiveness, to promote the sustainable development and to consider the quality of life through the efficient construction and operation of a ubiquitous city. However, the Ubiquitous City Planning has limits of the absence of objective methodology, spatial scheme and consideration of locality. Thus, this study aims to construct objective methodology of the Smart City Planning by establishing STIM methodology based on the Smart City architecture: the Smart City Services (S), the Smart City Technology (T), the Smart City Infrastructure (I) and the Smart City Management (M). By applying the STIM methodology to ‘the Ubiquitous City Planning Guideline’, the connectivity between each item was analyzed. As a result, 11 out of 14 items were drawn from the Ubiquitous City Planning except mutual cooperation, development and promotion of local industries and international cooperation between ubiquitous cities. These results and the STIM methodology may contribute to the future Smart City Planning beyond the lack of present Ubiquitous City Planning.

PropósitoEste artículo se enmarca dentro del estudio de los modelos de gobernanza colaborativa en las ciudades inteligentes y analiza aquéllas que son miembros de la red EUROCITIES y, además, participan en un grupo de trabajo sobre "ciudadanía creativa", buscando analizar el uso de las nuevas tecnologías por parte de los gobiernos de estas ciudades inteligentes con el objetivo de mejorar la e-participación pública.Diseño/metodología/enfoqueEsta investigación se basa en dos métodos de recopilación de datos. En primer lugar, este documento realiza una encuesta electrónica enviada a las principales ciudades inteligentes europeas sobre: a) la relevancia de la gobernanza colaborativa en las estrategias de las ciudades; b) los principales fundamentos y resultados de la gobernanza inteligente; y c) el modelo de participación en el desarrollo de una ciudad inteligente. En segundo lugar, este trabajo realiza, a fecha de mayo de 2017, un análisis de las nuevas tecnologías utilizadas por 47 gobiernos locales de estas ciudades inteligentes (aquéllas incluidas en el grupo de trabajo de "ciudadanía creativa" en la red EUROCITIES) para facilitar la participación electrónica de la ciudadanía.HallazgosLas ciudades inteligentes de muestra creen que la gobernanza colaborativa debe ser implementada en la gestión de la ciudad inteligente, pero menos del 50% han creado plataformas de e-participación ciudadana para promover la involucración de la ciudadanía en los asuntos públicos, y sólo unas pocas de estas ciudades promueven el desarrollo de consultas, discusiones y peticiones online. Además, un análisis realizado por culturas administrativas destaca la existencia de diferencias entre las percepciones obtenidas de los gestores de las ciudades inteligentes de la muestra y las herramientas que estas ciudades utilizan para fomentar la e-participación pública.Originalidad/valourEste documento contribuye a llenar el vacío en la investigación sobre el análisis de la relevancia de los modelos de gobernanza colaborativa en ciudades inteligentes y el uso de web de transparencia, de datos abiertos o de plataformas de participación electrónica para promover la participación ciudadana en los asuntos públicos dentro de estas ciudades.