Special Installations and Locations

* Tired of trawling through the Wiring Regs?* Perplexed by Part P?* Confused by cables, conductors and circuits?Then look no further! This handy guide provides an on-the-job reference source for Electricians, Designers, Service Engineers, Inspectors, Builders, Students, DYI enthusiastsTopic-based chapters link areas of working practice – such as cables, installations, testing and inspection, special locations – with the specifics of the Regulations themselves. This allows quick and easy identification of the official requirements relating to the situation in front of you.The requirements of the regulations, and of related standards, are presented in an informal, easy-to-read style that strips away confusion. Packed with useful hints and tips, and highlighting the most important or mandatory requirements, this book is a concise reference on all aspects of the 17th edition IEE Wiring Regulations.

With the development of technology, phenomena with ultra-high heat flux, small space, short time span heat conduction becomes more common. In these cases, the traditional Fourier's law is not applicable. Accurately predicting heat flux or temperature at special locations is prerequisite of thermal design in electronic cooling, laser engineering and so on. However, the existence of non-Fourier heat conduction makes it difficult to obtain demanding data. Numerous physical parameters also increase difficulties in estimating the heat flux and temperature at special locations by resolving inverse problems. In this paper Laplace transform treats the heat equation and boundary conditions to exclude the necessity of system parameters. Furthermore, we derive a calibration integral equation based on dual-phase-lag model to resolve surface heat flux in non-Fourier heat conduction process, and prove the correctness of the algorithm by designing calibration tests with different heat fluxes. Under 2% and 10% noise factor, the relative root mean square errors of prediction results are less than 3% by selecting optimum regularization parameters, which verify the robustness of the algorithm.

The purpose of the article is to reveal causes and features of punitive practice of the Spaso-Kamenny Monastery in the pre-imperial period when there was a rapid separation of the state and church jurisdiction in various spheres of society. The article tries to define the most significant events which determined the inclusion of this monastery in the punitive policy of the state. Another task of the research is to determine the peculiarities of the exile to the Spaso-Kamenny Monastery at the early stage of its development. Due to its special geographical location, initially it was used for punitive purposes rarely and rather selectively. The complexity of the research work can be explained by the limited availability of the sources related for the period under consideration, which did not allow us to recreate a complete picture of the functioning of the prison premises and the everyday life of prisoners. It was possible to create a more detailed picture only by turning to the documents of the era of the regular state of Peter the Great. Therefore, the accent in the research was made first of all on generalization and analysis of the most striking and at the same time insufficiently studied facts of exile to the Spaso-Kamenny Monastery of various well-known persons, including Metropolitan Zosimus, Metropolitan Varlaam, Archbishop Arsenii, and Archimandrite Ivan Neronov, who played an important role in the history both of the church and of the state. The author analyzes the causes and conditions of exile in the context of the events of that time. The conclusion is made that the content of punitive functions of the Spaso-Kamenny Monastery was constantly changing. The basis for these changes was the desire of the grand-princely power to see the monastery as a supporter of the spread of its own influence. A peculiarity of the first stage in the punitive activity of the Spaso-Kamenny Monastery was the fact that representatives of the religious elite were exiled there. It was explained by special natural conditions and geopolitical location of the island monastery. Later this trend continued, but the contingent of exiles significantly expanded.

The purpose of this study is to introduce the effects of a recreation camp program on the self-concept of the young people with social and behavioral problems. In the last years each summer University of West Hungary and AIS Youth Service Organization have been organizing camps for young people with different type of disadvantages. Beside the general camp organizing methods we introduced a new experience based therapy method, called Body Functions Therapy Model (BFTM). Within one week program we offered a special location, recreation activities like excursions, playing sports to enjoy the aesthetic environment, and physical movements, cooking special food to experience the different taste of the nutrition, teaching and experiencing different type of massage etc. to experience the positive changes of their perception abilities. The evaluation process included interviews, participant observation of the process in the field. One of the results of the program was, that young people became aware about their main abilities, the reasons, why they could enjoy the program, what lifestyle models they can adopt for their daily routines, when they get home. In the evaluation interview participants gave the highest ranks for the benefits, which they gained during the program.

Qinghai Province is located in the northwest part of China, is part of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, its special location, abnormal climate, is the frequent occurrence of earthquake disaster area. Under the background of global climate change, earthquake disaster research in Qinghai province is of great significance for ecological protection and disaster prevention. In this paper, the data of earthquake disaster with MS ≥ 5 in Qinghai Province from 1960 to 2022 are collected statistically, and the risk grade distribution map of earthquake disaster is made by using GIS technology with the county and city as the unit. The spatial and temporal distribution law of earthquake disaster is illustrated from the distribution of earthquakes over the years and the annual occurrence frequency. The results show that the earthquake disasters in Qinghai Province are mainly concentrated in the northwest and southwest areas, the central and northern areas are also relatively high distribution, among which Geermu city and Yushu City are more affected. In terms of time, earthquake disasters occurred frequently from 1990 to 2010, and the frequency of disasters decreased slightly from 2010 to 2020, but in the past two years, the geological activity is more frequent, and the disaster incidence is high.

In some special locations, phone calls are strictly prohibited due to the possibility of significant security hazards. To prevent and reduce this dangerous behavior, we implemented real-time detection of handheld phones on resource-limited devices and developed a novel target detection network called YOLO-PAI. Initially, a pruning algorithm is mainly used to optimize CSPDarknet53 to reduce the number of model parameters while maintaining detection accuracy. Next, the SE attention mechanism module is introduced, and the SRBlock structure is designed to improve the network's attention to the input data and enhance the network feature extraction capability. Then, a new low-dimensional feature extraction branch is added to help the network extract more diverse and richer feature information. Finally, the InceptionV3 structure replaces the original 3 × 3 convolution to reduce the number of model parameters. the YOLO-PAI network can be executed in real-time on an NVIDIA Jetson TX2 embedded device and tested under various illumination and obstacle occlusion conditions. Experimental results show that YOLO-PAI reduces network structure parameters and computational costs while maintaining accuracy. In the Phonehand_Imgs dataset, the network model is shrunk by 190MB and the accuracy of handheld call detection reaches 94%, which is 1.44% higher than YOLOv4. FPS can reach 45 fps, which is 21 fps higher than the original model. On the other two datasets, YOLO-PAI outperformed other popular networks in terms of detection accuracy and speed. In addition, running on the NVIDIA Jetson TX2 embedded device, its detection speed is more than 15 fps faster than other popular networks.

This paper describes the efforts required for the precursor mission Wireless Compose (WICO), a sensing and positioning experiment, which is operated in the Columbus module of the International Space Station (ISS). Moreover, a Ground Reference Model is deployed in the Evolution & Design of Environmentally closed Nutrion-Sources (EDEN) laboratory in Antarctica by German Aerospace Centre (DLR). It evaluates also agriculture/vertical farming concepts in human spaceflight. WICOs main objective is the deployment of a wireless sensor network for sensor data acquisition and the demonstration of positioning capabilities on the ISS. The wireless sensor network (WSN) is based on impulse radio - ultra wideband (IR-UWB) in the physical layer, which also allows time-of-flight measurements between two special locations. The utilization of wireless technologies in space habitats provides a great potential for several kinds of applications, decreasing the harness complexity and providing easier access for installation as well as maintenance tasks. For this reason, WICO also uses energy harvesting from internal light sources to drive the sensor modules thus allowing maintenance-free operation. The paper describes the hardware design, the operational concept and aspects of applied quality and safety requirements for Human Spaceflight. Finally, the status is presented with a focus on the analysis of different applications on Earth and in space for the implementation of wireless sensor networks in order to help and to identify new applications for future space missions.

Central and Eastern European countries are a hotspot area when analyzing the impacts of climate change on agricultural and environmental sectors. This paper conducts a socio-economic evaluation of climate risks on crop production in Hungary, using panel data models. The region has a special location in the Carpathian basin, where the spatial distribution of precipitation varies highly from humid conditions in the western part to semiarid conditions in eastern Hungary. Under current conditions, crop systems are mainly rainfed, and water licences are massively underexploited. However, water stress projected by climate change scenarios could completely change this situation. In the near future (2021–2050), most of the crops examined could have better climatic conditions, while at the end of the century (2071–2100), lower yields are expected. Adaptation strategies must be based on an integrated evaluation which links economic and climatic aspects, and since the results show important differences in the case of individual systems, it is clear that the response has to be crop and region specific.

Unlike the Earth, the Moon lacks is not protected from the atmosphere and global magnetic field, and will be directly exposed to complex radiation environments such as high-energy cosmic rays, solar wind, and the Earth’s magnetotail plasma. The surface of the Moon is covered with a thick layer of lunar soil, and the particles in the soil with a diameter between 30 nm–20 μm are called lunar dust. In the complex environments such as solar wind or magnetotail plasma, lunar dust carries an electric charge and becomes charged lunar dust. Charged lunar dust is prone to migration under the action of the electric field on the lunar surface. Charged migrated lunar dust is easy to adhere to the surface of instruments and equipment, resulting in visual impairment, astronauts’ movement disorders, equipment mechanical blockage, sealing failure, and material wear, which affects the lunar exploration mission. As an important lunar exploration landing site, the lunar south pole receives special solar radiation and produces a special dust plasma environment due to its special location. In order to provide an environmental reference for lunar south pole exploration, it is necessary to explore the characteristics of the dust plasma environment in the lunar south pole and its impact. In view of the lunar south pole environment, The Spacecraft Plasma Interactions Software (SPIS) software developed by the European Space Agency is used to carry out modelling and simulation in this work. Through the simulation, the logarithmic distribution of the lunar dust space density in a range of 0–200 m at the lunar south pole, the potential distribution near the lunar surface, and the spatial distribution characteristics of plasma electrons and ions are obtained. The obtained lunar dust space density and lunar surface potential are similar to the previous theoretical derivation and field detection data, so the simulation results have high reliability. The spatial potential distribution and the spatial density distribution of electrons and ions in the lunar environment with and without lunar dust are compared. Finally, the conclusions can be drawn as follows. The space potential increases with altitude increasing. The potential at 0–10 m near the lunar south pole is about –40 V, and the space potential at 100 m is about –20 V. The density of lunar dust in an altitude range below 10 m is 10<sup>7.22</sup> m<sup>–3</sup>–10<sup>4.66</sup> m<sup>–3</sup>. The electron density in the dust plasma near the lunar surface is 10<sup>5.47</sup> m<sup>–3</sup>, and the ion density is 10<sup>6.07</sup> m<sup>–3</sup>, and both increase with altitude increasing. Charged lunar dust affects the spatial distribution of lunar dust, mainly through affecting the distribution of the space electric field, which leads to difference in electron distribution, but has little effect on ions.

The objective of Solids Accumulation activities was to perform scaled testing to understand the behavior of remaining solids in a Double Shell Tank (DST), specifically AW-105, at Hanford during multiple fill, mix, and transfer operations. It is important to know if fissionable materials can concentrate when waste is transferred from staging tanks prior to feeding waste treatment plants. Specifically, there is a concern that large, dense particles containing plutonium could accumulate in poorly mixed regions of a blend tank heel for tanks that employ mixing jet pumps. At the request of the DOE Hanford Tank Operations Contractor, Washington River Protection Solutions, the Engineering Development Laboratory of the Savannah River National Laboratory performed a scouting study in a 1/22-scale model of a waste staging tank to investigate this concern and to develop measurement techniques that could be applied in a more extensive study at a larger scale. Simulated waste tank solids: Gibbsite, Zirconia, Sand, and Stainless Steel, with stainless steel particles representing the heavier particles, e.g., plutonium, and supernatant were charged to the test tank and rotating liquid jets were used to mix most of the solids while the simulant was pumped out. Subsequently, the volume and shape of the mounds of residual solids and the spatial concentration profiles for the surrogate for heavier particles were measured. Several techniques were developed and equipment designed to accomplish the measurements needed and they included: 1. Magnetic particle separator to remove simulant stainless steel solids. A device was designed and built to capture these solids, which represent the heavier solids during a waste transfer from a staging tank. 2. Photographic equipment to determine the volume of the solids mounds. The mounds were photographed as they were exposed at different tank waste levels to develop a composite of topographical areas. 3. Laser rangefinders to determine the volume of the solids mounds. The mounds were scanned after tank supernatant was removed. 4. Core sampler to determine the stainless steel solids distribution within the solids mounds. This sampler was designed and built to remove small sections of the mounds to evaluate concentrations of the stainless steel solids at different special locations. 5. Computer driven positioner that placed the laser rangefinders and the core sampler in appropriate locations over solids mounds that accumulated on the bottom of a scaled staging tank where mixing is poor. These devices and techniques were effective to estimate the movement, location, and concentrations of the solids representing heavier particles and could perform well at a larger scale The experiment contained two campaigns with each comprised of ten cycles to fill and empty the scaled staging tank. The tank was filled without mixing, but emptied, while mixing, in seven batches; the first six were of equal volumes of 13.1 gallons each to represent the planned fullscale batches of 145,000 gallons, and the last, partial, batch of 6.9 gallons represented a full-scale partial batch of 76,000 gallons that will leave a 72-inch heel in the staging tank for the next cycle. The sole difference between the two campaigns was the energy to mix the scaled staging tank, i.e., the nozzle velocity and jet rotational speed of the two jet pumps. Campaign 1 used 22.9 ft/s, at 1.54 rpm based on past testing and Campaign 2 used 23.9 ft/s at 1.75 rpm, based on visual observation of minimum velocity that allowed fast settling solids, i.e., sand and stainless steel, to accumulate on the scaled tank bottom.

The theory analysis of a 3-DOF spherical micro-manipulator in kinematics and dynamic considering the frictional condition is discussed in the paper. The manipulator is driven by the friction between the manipulator rotating sphere and the piezoelectric tube. The drive modes and the rotating plan to get a special location is studied, and then the Lagrange equation is applied in the model, and solved in numerical, getting the interrelation of some chief parameters. From the analysis, the drive effect of the friction and the principle of the manipulator's movement is clarified. From the model, an appropriate input for the manipulator can be evaluated. This proposed model is available not only for the manipulator in the paper but also for all ones based on stick-slip.

In this paper, the electromagnetic properties and structural characteristics of superconducting materials are studied based on AHP hierarchical analysis and FCE fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method. A sub-analytical model is established using hierarchical analysis and a weight set is established using FCE fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method, respectively, and a comprehensive evaluation model is established to study the average magnetization intensity and vortex of samples with different pore size types and sizes under the same conditions. Then the superconducting current situation at special locations is studied, focusing on summarizing the structural characteristics of most typical superconductors. The number of vortices in the superconducting square tube gradually decreases as the pore size increases. The maximum absolute value of its average magnetization intensity decreases with the increase of the aperture diameter, while its penetrating magnetic field increases subsequently. The superconducting square tube remains in the superconducting state until the magnetic field reaches a certain value. Most of the superconducting material structures are hierarchical crystal structures, such as MgB2, a simple binary and substance of simple hexagonal crystal system, and AlB2 type simple hexagonal structure with theoretical density of 2.605g/cm3 and dot constants of a=30.84nm and c=35.24nm, which belong to the P6/mmm space group. Superconductors not only have zero resistance properties at critical temperature, but also have electromagnetic properties that conventional conductors do not have at all under certain conditions, so it is important to study the properties of superconducting materials.

This paper studies an extension of the well-known one-to-one pickup-and-delivery problem with time windows. In the latter problem, requests to transport goods from pickup to delivery locations must be fulfilled by a set of vehicles with limited capacity subject to time window constraints. Goods are not interchangeable: what is picked up at one particular location must be delivered to one particular other location. The discussed extension consists in the consideration of a heterogeneous vehicle fleet comprising lorries with detachable trailers. Trailers are advantageous as they increase the overall vehicle capacity. However, some locations may be accessible only by lorries. Therefore, special locations are available where trailers can be parked while lorries visit accessibility-constrained locations. This induces a nontrivial tradeoff between an enlarged vehicle capacity and the necessity of scheduling detours for parking and reattaching trailers. The contribution of the paper is threefold: (i) it studies a practically relevant generalization of the one-to-one pickup-and-delivery problem with time windows. (ii) It develops an exact amortized constant-time procedure for testing the feasibility of an insertion of a transport task into a given route with regard to time windows and lorry and trailer capacities. (iii) It provides a comprehensive set of new benchmark instances on which the runtime of the constant-time test is compared with a naïve one that requires linear time by embedding both tests in an adaptive large neighbourhood search algorithm. Computational experiments show that the constant-time test outperforms its linear-time counterpart by one order of magnitude on average.

Plants have been, since time immemorial, the focus of religious purposes for many human societies worldwide. Because of efficacious use in religious aspects, some plant species are said to be important. Certain plants are held sacred due to their intimate association with special locations like temple courtyards. These locations are easily overlooked for scientific investigations. People are closely associated with the plant-wealth in such places as well although on religious ground. These need to be tapped for indigenous wisdom for human welfare. The present authors inventorised three districts of Khandesh region (Maharashtra) to divulge plantlore. Total 28 species belonging to 27 genera and 21 angiospermic families are presently focussed touching four aspects viz., sacredness, miscellaneous uses, cosmetics and medicinal utilities. The worshippers, trustees and people intimately associated with temples and religious places have been interviewed to tap down traditional ethnobotanical information. This work provides an account of religious and cultural ways of conserving biodiversity. At the same, these places help improve local environment. Further studies in a country like India are desired to unearth the potentials of religious locations.

The autonomous profiling float has been a revolutionary development in oceanography, enabling global broad-scale ocean observations of temperature, salinity, velocity, and additional variables. The Argo float array applies this new technology to provide unprecedented measurements of the global upper ocean in near real time, with no period of exclusive use. It builds on its predecessors, the upper ocean thermal networks of the 1970s to 1990s—extending the spatial domain and depth range, improving the accuracy, and adding salinity and velocity. Precision satellite measurements of sea surface height, as made by the Jason-1 altimeter, combine with Argo data in a dynamically complementary description of sea level variability and its subsurface causes. The broad-scale Argo float array is a central element in the international infrastructure for ocean research. A comprehensive ocean observing system can be constructed from floats, together with satellite measurements, improved measurements of air-sea fluxes, moored time-series in the tropics and other special locations, shipboard hydrography, and high resolution measurements in fronts, eddies and boundary currents from autonomous gliders. One of the primary objectives of the observing system is to close the oceanic budgets of momentum, heat, and freshwater on seasonal and longer time-scales in order to understand the role of the ocean in the climate system.