Statistical Insights and Fraud Techniques for Telecommunications Sector in Egypt

Telecommunication infrastructure is part of critical infrastructure because it has a vital role in the community and affects the country's economy. Therefore, telecommunications infrastructure can be classified as a vital national object, requiring a particular security mechanism in its deployment. However, telecommunication infrastructure has different characteristics than other sectors, where the operation is fixed and mobile. Using a descriptive-analytical approach, data is obtained from benchmarks and interviews with resource persons from various fields through several Forum Group Discussion activities. Each telecommunications network operator can apply for National Vital Objects in the Telecommunications Sector based on the mechanism under the guidelines for determining the national vital object in the telecommunications sector stipulated through a Ministerial Regulation. The regulation covers various aspects, including the mechanism for determining, evaluating, fostering, and responsibilities of National Vital Objects in the Telecommunications Sector. In its implementation, the National Vital Objects in the Telecommunications Sector manager coordinates with various security parties, such as the Indonesian National Police. With the policy of the National Vital Objects in the Telecommunications Sector implementation mechanism, it is hoped that the telecommunications infrastructure can be well protected so that the business climate of telecommunications operations remains conducive and telecommunications services can always support the development and strengthening of the national economy.

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to benchmark the Indian mobile telecommunication service providers for relative efficiencies. In this paper, a method for benchmarking performance of mobile telecom utilities based on data envelopment analysis (DEA) is presented. The paper discusses some concepts between quality performance and benchmarking and the results include performance efficiency and sensitivity‐based classification of utilities. Also, peer‐to‐peer comparison of inefficient with efficient utilities is provided. Based on these results, inefficient utilities can develop strategic plans to improve performance.Design/methodology/approachThe authors use DEA to measure comparative efficiencies of mobile telecom companies and two different DEA models, CCR and BCC, were applied to evaluate the relative efficiency of mobile telecom operators in India. Sensitivity‐based classification of utilities is carried out by removing one or more inputs or outputs from the base model to construct a new DEA model. Comparisons of DEA efficiencies from the base model with the structurally perturbed models show the impact on efficiency. Data include annual and quarterly reports showing various quality parameters.FindingsDEA is used to derive the benchmarks based on the comparison of the 126 utilities which include public sector undertaking (PSU) operators (MTNL and BSNL) and private operators of the Indian mobile telecommunication sector. The result includes performance efficiency and peer‐to‐peer comparison of inefficient utilities with efficient utilities. Based on these results, inefficient utilities can develop strategic plans to improve their performance. Sensitivity analysis, based on removal of one or more variables from the base model to determine changes in DEA efficiencies is done for selecting the strength of parameters of utilities for performance improvement.Practical implicationsBenchmarking of service utilities in the telecom sector is virtually non‐existent at the national level in India. This research identifies the different variables and then a model is prepared for benchmarking of the service providers in India. Based on the efficiency analysis, benchmarks can be set, and utility efficiency scores can be obtained based on the set benchmarks. These scores can help develop a strategic plan for mitigating the factors that contribute to the system inefficiencies.Originality/valueThis paper is one of the few published studies that benchmark the performance of mobile telecom services in India. This research promises to be amongst the first of the works carried out taking specific parameters of mobile telecom utilities of India.

This article offers insight into the Telecommunications Sector's infrastructure and services and the importance of its survivability, to the economy and national security. It describes the interconnection between the Information Technology and Telecommunications infrastructures. It demonstrates the criticality of interdependency among other critical infrastructures and how their interconnection with the Information Technology and Telecommunications infrastructures is critical to their survivability. Specific vulnerabilities and challenges facing security planners as well as potential solutions for strengthening security weaknesses and advancing the continuity of telecommunications operations are discussed.

A variety of elements, such as architecture, written material, usability, credibility, and accessibility, are evaluated when determining the quality of a website. Layout, aesthetics, and navigation are design components that influence user engagement and experience. The material on high-quality websites is useful, timely, and well-organized. Usability emphasizes on the user interface's simplicity, search capabilities, and ease of navigating. Websites should enable user interactions and offer a smooth surfing experience. Analyzing the authority, knowledge, and correctness of the information supplied entails determining the sources' reputation and dependability. Customer retention has emerged as a crucial element for long-term performance and profitability in the fiercely competitive telecoms sector. In order to keep their current client base, telecom businesses must put in place successful strategies since customers have more alternatives and mobility when selecting service providers. This introduction gives an overall summary of customer retention methods used in the telecommunications industry, emphasizing their importance in preserving long-term client relationships and enhancing operational efficiency. Client retention strategies are a collection of actions and programmers designed to lower churn, develop loyalty, and raise client lifetime value. Telecom firms may reduce the expenses of obtaining new customers and gain from the income produced by devoted, long-term consumers by concentrating on customer retention. Providing outstanding customer service is a key tactic in client retention It is crucial to comprehend and put into practice efficient client retention tactics in the telecoms sector. For telecom firms, it provides numerous significant advantages: Increased Profitability: client retention techniques assist in reducing client turnover, which may be expensive in terms of revenue loss and acquisition costs. Retaining current customers allows telecom firms to increase customer lifetime value, which boosts profitability. Effective client retention tactics provide businesses a competitive edge in the fiercely contested telecoms sector. Telecom operators can set themselves apart from their rivals, draw in repeat business, and keep their current clientele by offering excellent customer experiences and individualized services. In the telecommunications sector, the methodology for researching client retention tactics often combines both qualitative and quantitative methods of research. Here is a summary of the popular methodologies: Data collection: Information on client retention, such as rate of churn, customer satisfaction ratings, and engagement indicators, is obtained from telecom firms. This information offers a starting point for assessing the efficacy of various client retention methods. Surveys and survey responses: Surveys are carried out to obtain input from customers on their satisfaction, loyalty, and opinions of various retention techniques. Online platforms, emails, and phone interviews are all options for distributing questionnaires. Trust, Reliability, Security, Accuracy and Awareness Security clearly outweighs other considerations like reliability, accuracy, knowledge, and trust. This shows that customers give top attention to a secure online environment that protects their personal data. The emphasis on reliability demonstrates that users expect trustworthy, reliable service from websites. Additionally underlined is accuracy, underscoring how crucial it is to deliver reliable information. The significance of awareness argues that customers like websites that make their objectives and service offerings apparent.

Good Governance in Basic Education in Egypt: Paradoxical or Self Explanatory?

Customer loyalty is vital in any relationship marketing effort. With little or no product and service differentiation in the telecom sector, retaining the loyalty of customers is a big challenge. Service providers are investing substantial amounts in a variety of CRM strategies. While on one hand customer loyalty is a function of good products and services, resulting in increased levels of satisfaction, on the other hand customers' social and demographic profile plays a key role in determining a customer's loyalty to his service provider. Four types of loyalty measures were categorized and relationships with the demographic variables studied. This paper explores whether customer loyalty and demographic factors are linked in the telecom sector and to what extent. The findings and interpretation are similar to what other researchers have arrived at in the past, in that there is no significant relationship between demographic factors and loyalty. This study will have a huge impact on CRM investments in the telecom sector and will make service providers rethink their customer loyalty strategies.

Customer loyalty is vital in any relationship marketing effort. With little or no product and service differentiation in the telecom sector, retaining the loyalty of customers is a big challenge. Service providers are investing substantial amounts in a variety of CRM strategies. While on one hand customer loyalty is a function of good products and services, resulting in increased levels of satisfaction, on the other hand customers' social and demographic profile plays a key role in determining a customer's loyalty to his service provider. Four types of loyalty measures were categorized and relationships with the demographic variables studied. This paper explores whether customer loyalty and demographic factors are linked in the telecom sector and to what extent. The findings and interpretation are similar to what other researchers have arrived at in the past, in that there is no significant relationship between demographic factors and loyalty. This study will have a huge impact on CRM investments in the telecom sector and will make service providers rethink their customer loyalty strategies.

We propose the TelcoFog architecture as a novel, secure, highly distributed, and ultra-dense fog computing infrastructure, which can be allocated at the extreme edge of a wired/wireless network for a telecom operator to provide multiple unified, cost-effective, and new 5G services, such as NFV, MEC, and services for third parties (e.g., smart cities, vertical industries, and IoT). The distributed and programmable fog technologies that are proposed in TelcoFog are expected to strengthen the position of the mobile network and cloud markets. TelcoFog, by design, is capable of integrating an ecosystem for network operators willing to provide NFV, MEC, and IoT services. TelcoFog's key benefits are the dynamic deployment of new distributed low-latency services. The novel TelcoFog architecture consists of three main building blocks: a scalable TelcoFog node, which is seamlessly integrated in the telecom infrastructure; a TelcoFog controller, focused on service assurance and based on service data modeling using YANG, which is integrated in the management and orchestration architecture of the telecom operator; and TelcoFog services, which are able to run on top of the TelcoFog and telecom infrastructure. The TelcoFog architecture is validated through a proof of concept for IoT services.

The threats to global substance necessitated by effects of global warming call for the embrace of green energy initiatives. The powering of telecommunications equipment is an enormous burden for the operators in Nigeria since it has the smallest per capita electricity consumption in the world. In this paper, the challenges faced by telecommunication service providers in powering their infrastructures are reviewed. The green energy options available for powering our telecommunication infrastructure in Nigeria are analyzed. The paper ends with a frame work on modalities to having safer and efficient power source for communication service delivery. It is anticipated that this paper will bring to light the plight of the public and telecommunication operators in sustaining good quality of service. It will also hasten the need to embrace alternative power supply that is clean and reliable in powering telecommunication base stations for better service delivery.

The telecommunication sector mainly comprises operators, vendors, and regulators. In Indonesia, tele- communications operator companies tend to decrease profits from the first quarter of 2017 to the third quarter of 2018. This condition is due to the tight competition of telecommunication service providers, high operational costs, and digital transformation that does not provide substantial revenue for the company. Telecommunica- tions operators need other service options that can expand target market segmentation. It aims to open up a new blue ocean as a new source of income. The world is getting closer to massive communication technology, so high-speed communication is needed. Therefore, telecommunications operators can open new service options based on the visible light spectrum as their communication resources. This option can be integrated with ambient lighting, a wide spectrum ranging from radio waves, and greater bandwidth, making visible light suitable for IoT- 5G services. This research aims to design a wireless visible light communication business model. Several frame- works are used, such as the magic triangle of St. Gallen, Osterwalder Business Model Canvas, and PESTLE analysis. The business model design results in a business model with B2B market segmentation being the main focus and B2C market segmentation to acquire retail customers.

Challenging times for Chief Marketing Officers (CMOs) in Telecommunication space: The telecom industry is a fast moving, emerging, evolving and converging space with rapidly changing business scenarios and technology variations. This poses a formidable challenge and also an opportunity to the CMOs. Churn rates reaching up to 8-10% or further are experienced by most telecom operators across the globe. Although large investments are made to bridge the gap, but CMOs have been forced to admit that there is no unanimous solution. ARPU on a steady decline: With greater maturity in the marketplace, operators attract more marginal customers leading to inevitable squeezing of ARPU and margins. Also, new technology alternatives such as VoIP are further eroding traditional profit centres for most of the operators. Multiple channels to the customer: Telecom operators have a distinct advantage - telecommunication companies control the media as well as the message. Mobile operators in particular have access to the new billboard i.e. the mobile phone. On the downside, as increase in the choice of channels to the customer also means more sophistication in execution is required to choose the most appropriate channel to each customer.

Mobile network operators' role as keystone players in the smartphone ecosystem is challenged by other actors and technologies that aim to reduce the importance of the Universal Integrated Circuit Card (also known as SIM card). Modern Universal Integrated Circuit Cards are Java Cards that also include a Global Platform conformant Secure Element, usually under the mobile operator’s control. We argue that mobile operators still have the opportunity to defend their role by offering easy access for customers and service providers to the Secure Element on the Universal Integrated Circuit Card for storing data and executing applications with high demands for security. The mobile operators could let the customers or service providers own and manage their private Global Platform specified supplementary security domain on the Secure Element. Such access to supplementary security domains on the Universal Integrated Circuit Card can enable new ecosystems and new business models created around this asset. This paper describes a novel smartphone, customer and service provider oriented, technical approach to management of the secure element. We have designed and implemented SecurePlay, a client side, proxy based lightweight Trusted Service Manager prototype and have successfully used it to manage Secure Elements on Universal Integrated Circuit Cards in the Telenor operated mobile phone network in Norway. SecurePlay allow operators to cost efficiently enable end users’ ownership and operation of their own private security. Implementation details of a proof-of-concept prototype are presented.

Purpose This research examines the influence of CSR digitalization on sustainable competitive performance within Egypt’s telecommunications industry. Drawing on the resource-based view (RBV), this study aims to examine how corporate social responsibility digitalization (CSRD) influences sustainable competitive performance (SCP) in Egypt’s telecommunications sector and explores the mediating roles of digital capability and digital innovation. Design/methodology/approach Using survey data from 419 managers and supervisors in three private Egyptian telecom operators, the authors tested the model with partial least squares structural equation modeling. Findings Results indicate that CSRD is positively associated with digital capability, innovation and firm SCP. Moreover, digital capability and innovation impact a firm’s SCP. In addition, both digital capability and innovation are partial mediators of the relationship between CSRD and a firm’s SCP. Practical implications Practically, the findings encourage telecom managers to pair CSR initiatives with targeted capability-building and innovation programs to secure lasting competitive gains. Originality/value This study addresses the existing knowledge gap by presenting empirical data concerning the mediating functions of digital capability and digital innovation in the relationship between CSRD and SCP, thereby making a substantial contribution to emerging markets, where managerial practitioners endeavor to deepen their comprehension of leveraging CSRD to promote SCP.

The phenomenal rise of the telecommunications industry resulted in the significant growth of society as a whole. The focal masseur that has been taken by the advancement of contemporary technology has made a significant contribution to the worldwide society's advancement. However, governments must take measures to maintain a smooth and harmonious condition of development in the telecommunications industry. The formation of the "TRAI" (Telecom Regulatory Authority of India) in India has secured this. The government had enlisted the help of a masseur to form this organization in order to settle a disagreement in this industry. This body was created to oversee India's telecommunications sector, judge disputes, hear appeals, and defend the interests of both service providers and their customers. The Act also encourages the telecommunications industry to expand in a controlled manner. The TRAI body is made up of a Chairperson and no more than four members, half of whom work full-time and the other half part-time. The Chairman shall be a serving or retired High Court judge, and the members should be well-known in the telecommunications sector, finance, accounting, law, management, and consumer affairs, and have relevant expertise. Because of its rules and regulations, the TRAI Act of 1997 has provided several benefits to the telecommunications sector. Operational costs and other expenses formerly faced by operators have been dramatically reduced, resulting in increased development of the economy in the country. The Act allows a public stakeholder organization to incorporate other groups, such as private corporations, policy organizations, academics, and others, in the government's decision-making process, resulting in a more inclusive society. We may confidently predict that, given the growing rise of arbitration, this mechanism would be useful in resolving any complicated issue developing between telecom sectors.

This chapter examines the phenomenon of internet users attempting to report and prevent online child sexual exploitation (CSE) and child sexual abuse material (CSAM) in the absence of adequate intervention by internet service providers, social media platforms, and government. The chapter discusses the history of online CSE, focusing on regulatory stances over time in which online risks to children have been cast as natural and inevitable by the hegemony of a “cyberlibertarian” ideology. We illustrate the success of this ideology, as well as its profound contradictions and ethical failures, by presenting key examples in which internet users have taken decisive action to prevent online CSE and promote the removal of CSAM. Rejecting simplistic characterizations of “vigilante justice,” we argue instead that the fact that often young internet users report feeling forced to act against online CSE and CSAM undercuts libertarian claims that internet regulation is impossible, unworkable, and unwanted. Recent shifts toward a more progressive ethos of online harm minimization are promising; however, this ethos risks offering a new legitimizing ideology for online business models that will continue to put children at risk of abuse and exploitation. In conclusion, we suggest ways forward toward an internet built in the interests of children, rather than profit.