Study on quantitative equilibrium model of human factor risk control

Agriculture is an economic sector facing large risk, mainly from natural factors and despite of relatively low price responsiveness to supply and demand causes output volatility in general. It is a risky business, and risk assessment and management tools have become increasingly important in recent years. Risk assessment and management is a complex process, since the risk arises from different sources. Typically, literature analyzes financial, business, credit, or currency risk. There is lack of research of human risk, especially in agriculture sector. It is important to identify knowledge, attitudes, behaviors, and priorities among farmers regarding safety, health, and risk management. This research focuses on identifying main human risk factors, identifying vulnerable populations in agriculture, including immigrants, migrants, refugees, young and older persons, women, persons with disabilities, and minority workers. The research explores human risk assessment and management problems in agriculture. Only then is it possible to increase safety and health for agriculture workers and decrease human risk manifestation in agriculture and to make the agriculture sector socially beneficial for its nation.

The article investigates the ways and means of improving and perfecting the state of labor protection at transport enterprises of Ukraine through the implementation of international standards for risk management and occupational safety. A detailed analysis of international standards for occupational safety, and their main benefits that improve the health and safety of enterprises. The object of research is international standards on occupational safety and risk management. The purpose of the work is to analyze the implementation and use of international standards on occupational safety and risk management at Ukrainian transport enterprises. Research methods - analytical. Quality management of labor protection at enterprises is one of the priority areas of transport enterprises in order to reduce occupational injuries and improve working conditions. In order to effectively manage labor protection in transport enterprises, the authors of the article propose the introduction of international standards in the field of occupational safety and risk management in Ukraine. Examining the chosen topic, it was found that in many works that devoted to the application of international standards on occupational safety was not a generalization of all regulations and standards on labor protection and risk management in the enterprise. The main directions for the implementation of international standards for occupational safety and risk management in transport enterprises of Ukraine are proposed. The results of research can be recommended for implementation in the management system of labor protection at transport enterprises of Ukraine. KEY WORDS: INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS, OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY, SAFE WORKING CONDITIONS, RISK ASSESSMENT, IMPROVING OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY CONDITIONS, MANAGEMENT SYSTEM.

Increasing the quality of services both within private organizations and public institutions was and remains one of the top objectives in most fields of activity due to the major impact it has on income. The purpose of this research paper is to expad the knowledge regarding the effects of human resource management and risk management on service quality, considered a priority for the quality of life. Regarding the methodology, the present studey structures, synthesizes and analyzes relevant information from the literature in the field of risk management and human resources management, and the possible effects between it and service quality. This article discusses the significance of human resource management and risk management in the context of service quality for private and public organizations. This study aims to contribute to the development of the literature on this topic and in conclusion highlights how a variety of managerial practices can be used in order to maximize the quality of services as well as the impact they can have on the final consumer.

Workforce-related risks in projects with a contingent workforce

Background: Aviation safety in the Africa region has continued to be a concern for the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) and the industry as a whole. ICAO’s 2012 accident statistics show thet Africa had an accident rate of 5.3 per one million departures with 3% of the worldwide traffic distribution. A study set out to examine the existing human factors risks in the region’s aviation operation with a particular focus on skill and aeromedical risks exist in the Eastern African region. Methodology: A cross-sectional study research design was used with quantitative methods of data collection applied; perceptual information was collected by use of a survey. Results: Four categories of variables investigated skills required for the job and had positive moderately strong correlation with values between 0.4-0.6 and were statistically significant with p ˂0.05. Another four had weak positive correlation which is less than 0.4. Eleven out of fifteen categories of the aeromedical variables had positive moderately strong correlation with values between 0.4-0.6. Four had weak positive correlation which was less than 0.4. Results did show that current skill related risks in public safety, operations monitoring, quality control, trouble shooting, design and telecommunications and public safety. Most of the above skills had a direct correlation with each other. Conclusions: Aeromedical factors affecting performance included fitness and health, stress, time pressure and deadlines, sleep related issues, fatigue, cigarette smoking, alcohol, pain and nervousness. Recommendations: There is a need for redefining human factors risks in Eastern Africa and incorporating them in the curriculum at all levels to ensure that individual are capable of functioning effectively and safely in a range of situations and environments continuous as well as aeromedical assessment should be designed to fully capture the existing skill related and aeromedical risks in the region and improve the region’s safety record.

In finance, risk is the probability that an investment's actual return will be different than expected.This includes the possibility of losing some or all of the original investment.A fundamental idea in finance is the relationship between risk and return.The greater the potential return one might seek, the greater the risk that one generally assumes.Risk management is an activity which integrates recognition of risk, risk assessment, developing strategies to manage it, and mitigation of risk using managerial resources.Some traditional risk managements are focused on risks stemming from physical or legal causes (e.g.natural disasters or fires, accidents, death).Financial risk management, on the other hand, focuses on risks that can be managed using traded financial instruments.Objective of risk management is to reduce different risks related to a pre-selected domain to an acceptable.It may refer to numerous types of threats caused by environment, technology, humans, organizations and politics.The paper describes the different steps in the risk management process which methods are used in the different steps, and provides some examples for risk and safety management.The financial risk should be minimized by analyzing the capital structure of the company.If the debt equity ratio is higher, the investor should have a sense of caution.Along with the capital structure analysis, he should also take into account of the interest payment.In a boom period, the investor can select a highly levered company but not in a recession.

Despite the implementation of diverse policies and systems by the government aimed at mitigating severe disasters such as deaths, the occurrence of fatal incidents within the construction industry remains alarmingly high, comprising 53% of the industry as a whole. Consequently, this research endeavor was undertaken with the aim of identifying an efficacious approach for KOSHA-MS(Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency Management System), the pivotal component of the construction site accident prevention system, to enhance its efficacy and effectiveness. In this study, the independent variables were comprised of four human factors and two occupational factors. These variables were constructed based on interviews with forty safety and health management managers, as well as safety managers, from twenty construction sites operated by S Construction. A review of previous research was also conducted. The dependent variable, on the other hand, was the configuration of KOSHA-MS. A survey encompassing a total of 151 construction employees and workers was conducted between 1, November, 2023, and 21, November, 2023. The gathered data underwent statistical analysis utilizing the SPSS program.
 The study found that the survey items had good validity and reliability. Additionally, the roles of safety and health managers and management supervisors, were identified as significant human factors, while hazardous work was identified as a significant occupational factor impacting KOSHA-MS. The findings of this study indicate that effective managerial roles and the management of hazardous work take part in a crucial role in the practical and effective implementation of KOSHA-MS.

Aviation has for many years been one of the leading industries in addressing human and organisational factors (HOF) within its different sectors – flight operations, air traffic control, ground operations, maintenance, etc. In particular aviation has led the way in mandating a range of measures that address HOF issues – reporting systems, shift-handover procedures, etc (e.g. UK CAA, 2003). A key element of the regulation has been the mandating of initial and continuation training in HOF for virtually all personnel working in aviation maintenance. By contrast the development of practice and regulation of risk and safety management in aviation has lagged behind process, power and nuclear industries (Gambetti et al., 2012; Leva et al., 2012). ICAO published its requirements for Safety Management in 2009 (ICAO, 2009) and these are still being translated into regulations by local aviation authorities. For example the EASA regulations require implementation of Safety Management Systems (SMS) in airlines by 2013. As a consequence of this historical sequence – the development of HOF regulations prior to safety management regulations – organisations are facing the challenge of integrating two programmes with related objectives developed to meet the requirements of different regulations. HOF training in aviation maintenance, in the European context, normally comprises of a two day initial training classroom based workshop supplemented by a one-day continuation training workshop every 2 years. The continuation training typically comprises a refresher of key HOF concepts and information about company specific challenges. E-learning and blended learning are sometimes used for continuation training, but their acceptance by the local aviation authorities is variable. This paper reports an initiative to integrate HOF continuation training within a risk management context in an aviation maintenance company.

With the application of automation technology, Human operators rely on automation functions or intelligent agents to conduct complex cognitive tasks, but this also leads to a series of human factor risks such as out-of-the-loop and first failure problems. An appropriate level of automation (LOA) design will help to alleviate the above human factors risks and improve the performance of human-machine cooperation, but the traditional LOA taxonomy is difficult to directly guide the human-machine function allocation of operational supervisory tasks. To characterize current LOA design practices, a literature review was conducted to review the LOA taxonomy of supervision and control tasks in related fields. This research summarizes the taxonomy dimensions of LOA. The intelligent operational supervisory task requires the operators to maintain a high degree of interaction and cooperation with the automation system. Therefore, we must shift the focus of LOA design to cognitive interaction tasks and takeover tasks. This research analyzes the characteristics of different dimensions of LOA taxonomy in the literature, and summarizes the LOA granularity of system task, cognitive interaction task and takeover task. On this basis, from the perspective of human-machine interaction, the LOA taxonomy of intelligent operational supervisory tasks is proposed. This research provides an important theoretical basis for human-machine function allocation scheme and system LOA design, and has important theoretical and practical significance for improving the human-machine interaction efficiency.

It is well known that human error is the key contributor in most marine accidents. Nevertheless, human error is not the cause of accidents or mishaps in the new view on human errors; it is the deeper trouble of the MMEM (Man-Machine-Environment-Management) system. The key point for human error analysis is to find out the connection between human error and the features of system elements, that is the contexts of human error (Operating environment, Organization influence, etc). For this reason, this paper shows an approach for mining the human factors data which influence the occurrence of human error. This approach bases on the data collected on HFACS (Human Factor Analysis and Classification System) Model. It can be used for analysis of human factors and risk management of marine industry.

While human error happens repeatedly in the semiconductor industry in Korea, which has brought a tremendous loss from manpower, welfare etc., there are limitations to human error prevention activities. When a semiconductor company introduces new machines and facilities from Japan or Germany, the companies often do not consider human factors in the design. Also, semiconductor companies are so occupied with promoting increased productivity, their attention to human errors has been pushed aside. Negative aspects of technical exchange associated with safety management are one aspect of the industry's nature. A semiconductor company recently began acknowledging on the back of TQM(Total Quality Management) that human error has a decisive effect on the safety. There are a number of uncontrollable and hard to handle event sets because the nature of these events with a human error may often be threatened or very intensive. It is strongly required that systemic studies should be performed to grasp the whole picture of a current situation for hazard factors. This study aims to examine the human error approach through the case of human error prevention field activities in a semiconductor industry compared with the activities and experience in nuclear power plants.

As a forward-looking development in air traffic control (ATC), remote towers rely on virtualized information presentation, which may exacerbate visual fatigue among controllers and compromise operational safety. This study proposes a visual fatigue recognition model based on multimodal physiological signals. A 60-min simulated remote tower task was conducted with 36 participants, during which eye-tracking (ET), electroencephalography (EEG), electrocardiography (ECG), and electrodermal activity (EDA) signals were collected. Subjective fatigue questionnaires and objective ophthalmic measurements were also recorded before and after the task. Statistically significant features were identified through paired t-tests, and fatigue labels were constructed by combining subjective and objective indicators. LightGBM was then employed to rank feature importance by integrating split frequency and information gain into a composite score. The top 12 features were selected and used to train a multilayer perceptron (MLP) for classification. The model achieved an average balanced accuracy of 0.92 and an F1 score of 0.90 under 12-fold cross-validation, demonstrating excellent predictive performance. The high-ranking features spanned four modalities, revealing typical physiological patterns of visual fatigue across ocular behavior, cortical activity, autonomic regulation, and arousal level. These findings validate the effectiveness of multimodal fusion in modeling visual fatigue and provide theoretical and technical support for human factor monitoring and risk mitigation in remote tower environments.

Aviation operations require clear visual perception and precise sensorimotor interaction with aircraft controls, which both vary with neurophysiological state. Operational risk management surveys for military aviation assay several categories of risk factors, including environmental, human, and mission factors. Several human risk factors, such as poor sleep and stress, have neurophysiological effects. Yet human risk factors are routinely self-reported by pilots, which can introduce uncertainty. We evaluated an objective, automated, eye-movement-based method to assess neurophysiological variability in military aircrews. In a cross-sectional study of 72 members from the 25th Combat Aviation Brigade representing RQ7B, AH64, CH47, and H60 airframe communities, we used a validated eye-movement-based "oculometric" assessment method to quantify performance on a visual motion tracking task as well as a brief survey to document demographic (e.g., age, military occupational specialty, airframe, flight hours) and operational risk management (e.g., sleep, stress, ops tempo, experience, currency) variables. From the task, 10 z-scored oculometric measures are computed, including a summary score. We observed a significant effect of aircraft type on oculometric performance, with the H60 community performing above normal (median summary score: 0.59), as well as effects of sleep, stress, and experience. We observed significant positive correlations between oculometric scores and both age (Pearson's r: 0.31) and flight hours (Pearson's r: 0.30). Some elements of human factors risk can be measured using eye-movement-based techniques. Automated eye-movement-based assessment tools can quantify neurophysiological state objectively, a potential alternative to self-report. Al-Husseini M, McGuire M, Kennedy Q, Belanger C, Liston D. Oculometric assessment of human risk factors in military aviation. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2025; 96(12):1056-1062.

The human factors (HF) programs and current state of progress in the two major construction projects are reviewed. These include topics of man-machine interface, fault analyses, procedures, training, and management. The HF content of the major safety reviews of the first generation Magnox power plants is described. Some aspects of the assessment of utilities' training arrangements including some general conclusions from recent team inspections, are discussed. Developments in the appraisal of 'management of safety' are described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>

Resilience to evolving drinking water contamination risks: a human error prevention perspective