Study on Social Stability Risk Analysis for Nuclear Power Projects

Reducing vulnerability of social system is the foundation of social stability, if the social system becomes more and more vulnerable, then the social stability risk is greater, on the contrary, it is smaller, which put forward higher request for developing social risk detection platform. Risk detection is a kind of typical fuzzy pattern problem, a technology based on vulnerability evaluation is used for social stability risk. This paper analyzes the reasons of social vulnerability in the large hydraulic project construction area from three dimensions which are characteristic function of social risk exposure, social sensitivity and social adaptability capability, and builts the vulnerability evaluation model and risk detection index system, using entropy method to calculate the detection index weight. The paper finds that Wanzhou social vulnerability (social stability risk) present reduced year by year from 1999 to 2011, and the change caused by the enhancement of social adaptability capability, not by the fall of social system risk. The finding proves that social economic development, social security and public opinion promote the Social adaptability capability in Wanzhou.

In October of 2002, The Power and Propulsion Office and The Risk Management Office of NASA Glenn Research Center in Cleveland, Ohio began developing the reliability, availability, and maintainability (RAM) engineering approach for the Space Nuclear Propulsion and Power Systems Project. The objective of the Space Nuclear Power and Propulsion Project is to provide safe and reliable propulsion and power systems for planetary missions. The safety of the crew, ground personnel, and the public has to be the highest priority of the RAM engineering approach for nuclear powered space systems. The project will require a top level reliability goal for substantial mission success in the range from 0.95 to 0.98. In addition, the probability of safe operation without loss of crew, vehicle, or danger to the public, cannot be less than 0.9999. The achievement of these operational goals will require the combined application of many RAM engineering techniques. These include: advanced reliability, availability, and maintainability analysis, probabilistic risk assessment that includes hardware, software, and human induced faults, accelerated life testing, parts stress analysis, and selective end to end sub-system testing. Design strategy must involve the selection of parts and materials specifically to withstand the stresses of prolonged operation in the space and planetary environments with a wide design margin. Interplanetary distances and resulting signal time delay drive the need for autonomous control of major system functions including redundancy management.

This paper reviews the present state of nuclear power infrastructure of Bangladesh. It describes how Bangladesh is progressing towards nuclear power. The major infrastructure issues about the way in which to implement the country’s first nuclear power project have been identified and analysed. The domestic education and training infrastructure of the nuclear power sector of the country has been reviewed and it is regarded as the most critical challenge to commence the nuclear power programme in the country. A broad-based academic and research capability in nuclear science and engineering disciplines and the professional educational and training courses for different tiers of professionals and staff of the Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) operating organisation and nuclear regulatory authority needs to be strengthened for the sustainable development of the nuclear power sector as well as the economic operation of nuclear power facilities of the country. An approach to the manpower development for the national nuclear power sector has also been proposed.

With the rapid development of economic in China, a serious of important construction projects is put into practice. The building materials of the significant engineering construction projects get more attention, and strengthen supervision for building materials is an important element of social stability risk. Building an evaluation of social stability risk on engineering construction projects with building materials can find the hidden dangers which may affect social stability timely, so that the builders can take effective measures earlier to reduce and resolve social stability risk. This is meaningful for the smooth implementation of construction projects and keeping of social stability.

In recent years, like many other countries, the Chinese people pay close attention to development of nuclear power. After learning the history of the development of the nuclear power, we learn some lessons and experiences. Therefore, we put forward some innovative ideas for nuclear power development. We advocate ”one center, longitudinal integration” thought to build information system for innovative management system in order to improve the management efficiency.

Complex Product system(CoPs) innovation is the important way to build independent innovation economic model. Complex Product system(CoPs) innovation is a organizition evolution network process. Procuct Development Platform(PDP) promote resource of organizion and technology innovation into Product Sequences by network Harmonized System to implement CoPs innovation. Paper study the Synergy mechanistic of CoPs innovation and PDP by Lyapounov function, and put forward motive force of nuclear power project(NPP) Technology-Access is PDP building.

Traditional nuclear power grid engineering projects often suffer from poor planning performance, prompting the development of an intelligent auxiliary decision-making model for life cycle management of nuclear power projects. The proposed system is composed of four layers: basic, resource, support, and application. The basic layer provides foundational services for system operation, while the resource layer applies a high-speed data link mining algorithm to extract the information needed for BIM construction of power grid engineering projects. The support layer transmits the processed data to the application layer, where the BIM model is built and visually rendered in real time to support auxiliary decision-making. Experimental evaluation shows that the system’s BIM model responds smoothly to user operations without noticeable lag, with operation completion times kept within 550 ms. This demonstrates that the system can rapidly handle diverse operational requests while maintaining high fluency, meeting the demands of early-stage power grid engineering decision-making. By integrating a quadtree spatial index and terrain data simplification, the system achieves higher data processing efficiency. Overall, the proposed approach delivers strong data fusion capabilities, effective model performance, and high processing efficiency, making it well suited for auxiliary decision-making in the early phases of nuclear power grid engineering projects.

Climate change causes precipitation to be increasingly unstable both spatially and temporally and, thus, is a major factor contributing the risk of a water deficit in Taiwan. Because many planned water shortage mitigation projects lack extensive risk evaluation of this problem, this risk might strongly affect the stability of regional water supply. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to consider climate change in a systematic quantitative risk analysis of water shortage mitigation projects. Accordingly, this paper proposes a process for integrating the method for downscaling global climate models, generalized watershed loading functions rainfall-runoff model, system dynamics approach, and Monte Carlo simulation to evaluate water projects practicably and quan- titatively. The proposed methodology was verified using a practical case study of Northern Taiwan and can be used to make decisions regarding project implementation priorities and alternatives. While every alternative of 11 proposed projects can reduce at least 9 % of the shortage risks for both Taoyuan and Banchia-Hsintien regions, five alternatives can reduce the risk to less than 1 % for the Banchia-Hsintien region. And simulation results indicate that expanding water plant is the first priority for the study area. Furthermore, the proposed concepts and procedures are applicable to other areas.

The Darlington New Nuclear Project (DNNP) is a proposal by Ontario Power Generation for the site preparation, construction, and operation of up to four new nuclear reactor units for the production of up to 4800 MW of electrical generating capacity. The site was selected by the Ontario Government and is located at the existing Darlington Nuclear site, which is located on the north shore of Lake Ontario and about 70 km east of Toronto, Canada. The regulatory process for the project began in September 2006 and has included the completion of a comprehensive Environmental Assessment (EA), the submission of a Licence to Prepare Site Application, and a three-week public hearing from March 21 to April 8, 2011.This paper provides an overview of various site evaluation and safety studies that were performed in order to demonstrate that the DNNP site meets the Canadian regulatory requirements. The site evaluation studies are also consistent with the principles in the IAEA document NS-R-3, “Site Evaluation for Nuclear Installations” and its associated guides. Accordingly, the site evaluation studies considered the following hazards: extreme meteorological events, flooding hazards, seismic hazards, geotechnical hazards, external human-induced events, and potential dispersion of radioactive material with off-site dose consequences. These hazards were assessed in terms of risk to the new nuclear units and ultimately to the public and the environment.Since a reactor technology has not yet been selected for the DNNP, a multi-technology approach was followed for both the EA and site evaluation studies. This involved the use of a bounding Plant Parameters Envelope (PPE), similar to the US-based PPE approach, encompassing the following reactor designs: the US EPR (1580 MWe), the AP1000 (1037 MWe), the ACR-1000 (1085 MWe), and the Enhanced CANDU 6 (740 MWe).Additionally, to assess the impact of protective measures on the local population (e.g., in terms of temporary evacuation), bounding source terms were derived based on the regulatory safety goals for both Small Release Frequency and Large Release Frequency. These generic source terms are expected to bound the releases from any credible accidents, for any reactor designs considered licensable in Canada.In each of the hazard areas, the risk was determined to be acceptably low or could be reduced to an acceptable level through design mitigation. The overall conclusion is that the DNNP site is suitable for the new nuclear units.Copyright © 2012 by ASME

In order to avoid the misuse of metal material in nuclear projects, typical cases happened in AP1000 nuclear power projects in China are analyzed. The analysis finding indicates that some cases were caused by defective procedures or undemanding processes performance, and every case is relevant with human error. It is considered that procedural management cannot completely avoid the misuse of metal material when it is caused by human error, and spectrometry analysis is suggested to reexamine the material of key components.

As a result of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant accident in 1986, the British public generally has a negative attitude towards nuclear power, coupled with the lobbying of Greenpeace and other organizations opposed to nuclear energy. Since the completion of the Sizewell B nuclear power plant in 1995, the UK has not built a single new nuclear power plant and has been lagging behind in nuclear energy construction. With climate change and security of supply issues coming to the fore, it was not until the 2006 Energy White Paper that the government put nuclear energy back on the agenda. It took another decades of planning, review and approval before the UK finally signed an agreement with Electricité de France for the construction of the Hinkley Point C nuclear power station in 2016. The UK has not built a new nuclear power project for more than 20 years, and this paper analyzes the attitudinal preferences of different actors within the UK behind the cooperation on the Hinkley Point C nuclear power project, based on an understanding of the context and current situation of the UK in terms of climate change and security of energy supply.

Project cost forecasting is a complex and critical process, and it is of paramount importance for the successful implementation of engineering projects. Accurately forecasting project costs can help project managers and relevant decision-makers make informed decisions, thereby avoiding unnecessary cost overruns and time delays. Furthermore, accurately forecasting project costs can make important contributions to better controlling engineering costs, optimizing resource allocation, and reducing project risks. To establish a high-precision cost forecasting model for construction projects in Guangdong Province, based on case data of construction projects in Guangdong Province, this paper first uses the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to obtain the characteristic parameters that affect project costs. Then, a neural network training and testing dataset is constructed, and a genetic algorithm (GA) is used to optimize the initial weights and biases of the neural network. The GA-BP neural network is used to establish a cost forecasting model for construction projects in Guangdong Province. Finally, by using parameter sensitivity analysis theory, the importance of the characteristic values that affect the project cost is ranked, and the optimal direction for controlling the project cost is obtained. The results showed: (1) The determination coefficient between the forecasting and actual values of the project cost forecasting model based on the BP neural network testing set is 0.87. After GA optimization, the determination coefficient between the forecasting and actual values of the GA-BP neural network testing set is 0.94. The accuracy of the intelligent forecast model for construction project cost in Guangdong Province has been significantly improved after optimization through GA. (2) Based on sensitivity analysis of neural network parameters, the most significant factor affecting the cost of construction projects in Guangdong Province is the number of above-ground floors, followed by the main structure type, foundation structure, above-ground building area, total building area, underground building area, fortification intensity, and building height. The results of parameter sensitivity analysis indicate the direction for cost control in construction projects. The research results of this paper provide theoretical guidance for cost control in construction projects.

Social Impact Assessment (SIA) is widely used in the field of international evaluation, but its application in China has been limited. Based on the dual requirements of developing the economy and maintaining stability, social stability risk assessment (SSRA) systems have come into being in China at a historic moment. Starting from the similarities and differences between SIA and SSRA, this paper reviews the influencing factors, sources, evaluation methods, existing problems and suggestions of SSRA in major decision-making, policy, reform and construction projects. On this basis, considering Wudongde hydropower station as an example, the social stability risk of land acquisition and resettlement (LAR) is assessed by using fuzzy comprehensive evaluation (FCE) methods. The research shows that relying solely on SIA or SSRA makes it difficult to meet the social risk management requirements of major matters. SIA should be identified as a necessary link, and SSRA content should be embedded in SIA to achieve effective integration of the two.

Commissioning is a final technical barrier for nuclear power engineering projects, the occupational stresses of commissioning workers make nuclear power projects face great human factor safety risk. A bottom-up methodology and factor analysis were adopted to identify the occupational stress factors of commissioning workers in NPPs, whereby the authors firstly made a field survey on the commissioning engineers and technical managers of an NPP in the first stage to develop a customized questionnaire suitable for nuclear power commissioning workers, then conducted another field survey in the second stage to collect data, and finally adopted factor analysis method to extract out 15 occupational stress factors from a sample of 143 participants in two nuclear power projects at different locations in China. These factors help us to formulate countermeasures to balance occupational challenge and prevent human factor safety risk of NPP commissioning workers. Additionally, social stress factors and emotional needs of commissioning workers and their families should also be considered.

The “Belt and Road” Initiative proposed by China in 2013 creates a cooperation platform and development opportunity both for China and Pakistan. The “China-Pakistan Economic Corridor” (“CPEC”) cooperation agreements [1] of many energy and infrastructure projects were successfully signed and implemented under the initiative. Given China and Pakistan are all-weather strategic cooperation partners, construction of CPEC projects plays crucial strategic role [2] with political implication. Many Chinese companies and Chinese standards involved in these projects, though offered with good opportunity “Going Abroad” and environment, are significantly confronted with political risk, environmental risk, legal risk, safety/security risk and religion-cultural difference. Stressing the study on Eco-environment Sustainable Development of Kohala Hydro-power Project(KHP), one of the actively promoted schemes under CPEC, and reviewing the research, analysis and argumentation conducted by several international and domestic consultants on ecological flow, the paper finally determines scientific and rational ecological flow in the project and effectively mitigates environmental risk and social risk, achieving its long term cooperation and sustainable development in terms of environment protection, social stability and economic benefit.