The Computation of Quantum Radar Cross Section for the Regular Five-Pointed Star

As the core characters in the scattering characteristics of quantum radar, the quantum radar cross section (QRCS) has some distinct properties from the classical radar cross section (CRCS) on two-dimensional (2D) targets, such as the quantum interference effect of sidelobe. However, due to the ability of the algorithm only for 2D targets basically, there is not sufficient work on the quantum effect in the scattering characteristics of quantum radar for three-dimensional (3D) targets, especially for other effects. Here we report a novel mainlobe-slumping quantum effect of the cube in the scattering characteristics of quantum radar with an improved algorithm for the 3D targets. In addition, it has a completely different physical origin from the classic radar scattering. Further, we analyze the source of this sudden decreasing in the curve of QRCS based on the quantum theory and simulation data. We conclude that this kind of new macroscopic quantum phenomenon can be used in the detection and discrimination of stealthy weapons and biomedicine.

Quantum radar is a new concept proposed in recent years, which has attracted much attention. Quantum radar cross section (QRCS) is an important parameter of quantum radar. However, the simulation for QRCS is enormous for that it's based on the interaction of photons with atoms. In this paper, an extremely efficient method is proposed to calculate the monostatic QRCS. Besides, a two-dimensional arbitrary model is simulated. Compared with physical optics method, the side lobe enhancement effect of QRCS is verified. Meanwhile the high efficiency of this method is well documented.

Quantum radar is a new detection technology based on the mechanism of quantum physics and is promising for enhancing radar target detection capability. In this letter, the quantum radar equation is established based on the traditional radar equation; meanwhile, how the quantum radar cross section (QRCS) influences target detection performance and how QRCSs for some typical targets distribute are investigated via simulations. Simulation results demonstrate that the signal-to-noise ratio increases with the QRCS, the peak values of side-lobes of the QRCS for the cylinder surface fluctuate little, and the QRCS for corner reflectors almost exhibits no variations in a wide range of incident angles. The results listed above can benefit the signal design and performance evaluation of quantum radar as well as the design of quantum stealthy targets.

The 2024 3rd International Conference on Electronics and Integrated Circuit Technology (EICT 2024) took place in Nanchang, China from April 12th to 14th, 2024 via virtual form. The main goal was to bring together scientists, researchers and developers engaged in fields of electronics and integrated circuit technology to bridge the gap between research needs and advanced technological solutions. EICT 2024 focused on research areas such as Electronic Science and Technology, Integrated Circuit Design and Integrated System, Electronic and Optical Information Technology, Integration of New Sensing Technologies and Applications, Semiconductor Sensing Electronics, etc., with high academic value. The Conference provided an opportunity for researchers in the fields and related personnel to present their recent theoretical developments as well as practical applications, discuss unsolved problems, and find solutions to them, fostering research and development in electronics and integrated circuit technology. The Conference attracted experts, scholars, researchers, enterprise representatives and relevant personnel from all over the world, showing wide international influence. They shared the latest research results, exchanged technical experiences and explored cooperation opportunities at the Conference, jointly promoting the development of electronics and integrated circuit technology. We would like to highlight the main developments presented at the Conference and introduce the prominent speakers. The invited speakers of the Conference, who performed dramatic speeches on specific subjects combining their own research experience and professional knowledge, are Prof. Wenjie Feng (South China University of Technology, China), Prof. Qiongfeng Shi (Southeast University, China), Prof. Wu Gao (Northwestern Polytechnical University, China), Prof. Chonghua Fang (Dohitech, China), etc. In the study Calculation and Analysis of Quantum Radar Scattering by Prof. Chonghua Fang, a novel method that can deal with the calculation of the orthogonal projected area (A ⊥ ) of the target in each incidence is proposed. In this report, he introduced a three-step computation process of (A ⊥ ), verified the method for typical 2-D targets, and showed some results for typical 3-D convex targets and compared the QRCS with classical radar cross section (CRCS). Meanwhile, he analyzed the superposition of quantum effect of side lobes which means a kind of novel quantum phenomena. In the final foreword, we would like to thank the speakers, authors, reviewers, and all people involved. We also appreciate the members of Technical Program Committee for giving such an opportunity for all of us to share scientific ideas and new developments at the Conference. Last but not the least, our special acknowledgement also goes to the editors of Journal of Physics: Conference Series, for their preparation and assistance in publishing this paper volume. The Committee of EICT 2024 List of Committee Member is available in this Pdf.

Though much work has been done concerning quantum radar cross section (QRCS), the related question about quantum radar scattering characteristics of targets in the atmospheric medium has not been considered. Understanding this question is of primary significance in the military and civil fields of quantum radar. The main objective of the paper is to propose a new algorithm for the calculation of QRCS in homogeneous atmospheric medium (M-QRCS). Therefore, based on the chain of beam splitters proposed by M. Lanzagorta to describe homogeneous atmospheric medium, the photon attenuation model is established, the photon wave function is modified, and the M-QRCS equation is proposed. Furthermore, in order to obtain an accurate M-QRCS response, we carry out simulation experiments on a flat rectangular plate in the atmospheric medium composed of different atomic arrays. Based on this, we study the influence of the attenuation coefficient, temperature, and visibility on the intensity of the peak value of main lobe and side lobes of M-QRCS. In addition, it is worth noting that the numerical calculation method proposed in this paper is based on the interaction between photons and atoms on the target surface, so it is suitable for the calculation and simulation of M-QRCS for targets of any shape.

In this paper, we discuss the effect that photon polarization has on the quantum radar cross section (QRCS) during the special case scenario of when the target is enveloped in either a uniform electric field or magnetic field and all of its atomic electric/magnetic dipole moments become aligned (target polarization). This target polarization causes the coupling between the photon and the matter to change and alter the scattering characteristics of the target. Most notably, it causes scattering to be very near zero at a specified angle. We also investigate the relationship between electric and magnetic types of coupling and find that the electric contribution dominates the QRCS response.

In this paper, to further promote the theory of quantum radar cross section (QRCS) to realistic complex objects, an efficient analysis method for QRCS is proposed. GPU acceleration is applied to prominently improve the efficiency of the proposed method. QRCSs of the three-dimensional (3D) complex targets are simulated, which shows great efficiency improvement.

The radar cross-section (RCS) is a critical factor in the design and performance of modern airborne weapon systems. These systems utilize phased array antennas due to their low profile, advanced beamforming, and angle measurement capabilities. The effect of phased array antennas on platform RCS can be crucial. Addressing the RCS of phased array antennas involves solving both structural and antenna mode scattering. Each component presents different challenges for computation and requires specific RCS reduction techniques. This short review delves into various existing methods for computing antenna and structural mode RCS and offers insights into their application. Simulating the RCS of large array antennas presents significant challenges due to the high demands on computing resources. Additionally, this review highlights existing solutions aimed at reducing the simulation times and memory usage in RCS modeling while maintaining accurate results. However, further advancements are necessary to simulate large scale array antennas more efficiently and accurately.

The Joint Strike Fighter (JSF) program is the focal point for defining the next generation of strike aircraft weapon systems for the Navy, Marines, Air Force, and allies. The focus of the program is affordability reducing the costs of development, production, and ownership of the JSF family of aircraft. In addition to affordability as a "pillar" of the JSF program, three additional pillars have been established: survivability, lethality, and supportability/deployability. These four pillars have established the foundation for the design and development of the JSF weapon system. One of the keys to providing an affordable approach to supportability and deployability lies in the strategy of prognostics and health management (PHM) and how it supports the concept of autonomic logistics. This paper focuses on the contribution of PHM and its relationship to autonomic logistics.

Motivation -- The research goal was to support the design, development and evaluation of a new multitargeting weapon system while considering (future) endusers' requirements and limitations at early stages of the concept design.Research approach -- An original Human Factors approach was adopted and based on three steps in which future end-users were highly involved. 1) Scenario walkthroughs allowed end-users to envision the system in use, prior to development, 2) the design of the system concept and associated Human Machine Interface (HMI) materialised in a first multi-targeting simulator version and 3) the simulations were used to evaluate the concept.Findings -- The user-lead development approach proved to be useful to define a first version of the multi-targeting concept and to ensure that user requirements are represented in the system definition. Especially, the simulation provided valuable information on how well a multi-targeting system could be used by military operators. Despite costs associated with the multi-targeting task, (e.g. increased mental load), operators were able to manage up to four incoming targets.Research limitations -- Although this research provided a first version of the operational concept, further design studies are necessary to see what adjustments (e.g., level of automation, adaptive HMI) could support the operational task even better.Originality -- The approach tackled the system design problem in its entirety, not only focusing on the HMI elements but on the operational concept of a novel system which included system, control and information requirements from a user perspective.Take away message -- The user-lead development in this specific military field was a valuable method for generating design requirements for a non-existing system at early stages of the concept design.

More than a century has passed since the third dimension of space (airspace) has become an important place where combat and non-combat activities take place. The ability of the Air Force to carry out a wide range of content of combat operations and other activities from the airspace ensured the development of new qualitative characteristics of modern armed conflicts. The absence of physical limitations, high maneuverability and dynamism, short reaction time, as well as the high intensity of actions carried out by the Air Force, have enabled these forces to have strategic importance in armed conflicts since the Second World War. In parallel with the development of civilization and the emergence of qualitatively new technologies, rapidly improved technological solutions are being developed, which are changing the way of life of people around the world, improving it literally day by day. Each technological generation brings a new level of civilizational development, leading to the symbiosis of man as a human being and modern technical and technological means. Undoubtedly, this is also the case with the development of modern weapon systems and equipment used in armed conflicts. This is also the case with the revolutionary development of new weapon systems in air forces around the world. The development of modern weapons in the air force is best seen through the development of unmanned aerial platforms (unmanned aerial vehicles). The development of these assets is a consequence of the industrial revolution of the fourth generation and the importance of these platforms in the realization of tasks in modern armed conflicts is almost immeasurable. Namely, every conflict brings exponential development of these assets, both in technical and tactical sense. The development of these means in modern armed conflicts is a continuous process that is realized on the basis of previous experiences from the tactical use of unmanned aerial vehicles in concrete combat actions. There is no doubt that the technological progress of these means is something that in the future will enable the almost unlimited use of these aircraft in the execution of a wide variety of tasks without minimal danger to human life. This paper, whose main goal is to describe the unmanned aerial vehicle as a tool for the execution of a wide range of tasks in an unlimited war format, consists of three chapters in addition to the introduction and conclusion. In the first chapter, the theoretical determination of the unmanned aerial vehicle as a weapon-equipment system was made. In the second chapter, the use of unmanned aerial vehicles is analyzed on the examples of armed conflicts in Syria and Nagorno-Karabakh. In the third chapter, an analysis of potential aviation patterns of unmanned aerial vehicles and loitering munition (also known as a suicide drone or kamikaze drone) in combat operations was carried out.

The rise of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) poses significant airspace security challenges, particularly concerning radar detection capabilities. This study examines the radar cross-section (RCS) of drones operating in LTE frequency bands (2.4 GHz and 5.2 GHz), using the DJI Phantom 3 as a case study. Simulations conducted in CST Studio Technology reveal that payload weight substantially affects RCS, with increased loads resulting in higher radar visibility. Additionally, angle-dependent analyses demonstrate significant variations in RCS based on the angle of incidence, identifying critical angles for enhanced detectability. These findings underscore the necessity for advanced radar detection strategies that consider payload impacts and angle-specific characteristics of RCS. The study's implications extend to the optimization of UAV designs for reduced radar signatures, informing both manufacturers and regulatory frameworks. This research contributes to the development of effective airspace monitoring systems, emphasizing the need for adaptive detection methodologies as UAV usage continues to expand.

Differential cross sections and escape plots for low-energy solitonic SU(2) BPS magnetic monopole dynamics

It is undisputed that the development and use of autonomous weapon systems (AWS) must comply with international humanitarian law (IHL). However, how IHL rules should be interpreted and applied in the context of AWS remains, in some respects, unclear or disputed. With a particular focus on human–machine interaction, this report aims to facilitate a deeper understanding of this issue. Informed by an in-person expert workshop that SIPRI convened in November 2022 and contributions to the international policy discussion on AWS, the report maps areas of common ground and identifies aspects that warrant further clarification concerning what key rules of IHL, particularly those guiding the conduct of hostilities, permit, prohibit and require in the development and use of AWS. In doing so, the report provides a baseline for policymakers to advance discussions around what types and uses of AWS are (or should be) prohibited or regulated under existing IHL.

Over the last several years, there has been considerable interest in the problems of effective programming, decision‐making, and progress evaluation, in the development and production of weapon systems. The need for solving these problems was great when budget ceilings were less restrictive. At the present time when budgets are more stringent, the need is indeed urgent if defense is to be most adequate. The principles and methods described in this article were developed as guides to the development and installation of a management system for programming, decision‐making, and progress evaluation in weapon systems development, procurement, and production in the U. S. Air Force. The principles, however, have applicability to programming, decision‐making, and control in other governmental and in industrial and business organizations. Some of these principles and methods already have been applied in other situations; some are new. However, the amount that is new is relatively small; we are confident the system is feasible and economic within the existing state of the art, and that it would contribute to efficiency in the development and production of weapon systems.