The exploitative psychopathic personality: a conceptual outline

How to Promote Career Advancement and Gender Equity for Women in Gastroenterology: A Multifaceted Approach

We would like to respond to the article entitled ‘‘Validity and reliability of a systematic database search strategy to identify publications resulting from pharmacy residency research projects.’’ We agree with the authors’ novel approach to confirm publication via a survey and to identify resident publications via a systematic approach to validate the utility of the database. The authors suggest that this approach can be used to compare publication success between residency programs. Additionally, this information can be used for marketing purposes for the individual residency program. One limitation noted by the authors was the use of only PubMed and EMBASE as the search engines to identify resident publications in the study and suggest other search engines, such as International Pharmaceutical Abstracts (IPA) and Google Scholar, may be used as alternatives. We aim to describe the methods and results of our project in which we assessed the utility of 5 different search engines to identify resident publications. Briefly, we identified the publication rate of abstracts presented at the 2003 (n 1⁄4 171), 2005 (n 1⁄4 221), and 2007 (n 1⁄4 273) Great Lakes Pharmacy Resident Conference (GLPRC) was 11.4% (n 1⁄4 76). We used a similar search strategy in Kwak et al to identify resident publication using the search engines (1) Scopus, (2) IPA, and (3) MEDLINE (PubMed). For this project, we used information from the abstracts that were previously confirmed for publications (n 1⁄4 76) to identify the proportion of these publications found in each of the following search engines: (1) Scopus, (2) IPA, (3) MEDLINE (PubMed), (4) EMBASE, and (5) Google Scholar. Two investigators (SMV and PMS) identified published research projects, and any disagreement between investigators was reviewed for consensus. A kappa statistic was calculated to determine interrater reliability for each search engine. The proportion of the published research was compared for each of the 5 search engines. Additionally, all pairs of search engines were assessed to determine the proportion published using combinations of searches. The proportions of published works were identified in the following search engines: Scopus (90.8%), IPA (75%), MEDLINE (PubMed; 80.3%), EMBASE (88.2%), and Google Scholar (90.8%; Table 1). Additionally, a higher proportion of nonpharmacy journals were identified using the search strategy compared to pharmacy journals (Table 1) in each individual search engine. After assessing various combinations, only Scopus plus IPA or Google Scholar plus IPA identified all 76 publications (Table 2). Based on our results, no single search engine was able to identify all publications. All 9 potential pairs were assessed. Only the combination use of either Scopus and IPA or Google Scholar and IPA resulted in identifying all 76 publications. The use of MEDLINE (PubMed) and EMBASE resulted in the poorest combination of search engines, as it only identified 88.2% (n 1⁄4 67) of publications. Kwak et al used the combination of MEDLINE (PubMed) and EMBASE with great success; however, the utility of this combination may differ in a general population of residency programs. Residents of certain geographic areas may submit to journals indexed to different search engines which may have contributed to the differences between our study and Kwak et al, as we assessed abstracts from the Great Lakes region. Additionally, confirmed publications in our previous search strategy used Scopus, IPA, and MEDLINE (PubMed) and not a validated measure which may have influenced our results. In conclusion, we affirm that a validated measure approach, as used by Kwak et al, is the gold standard for confirming the utility of various search engines; however, it may be difficult to replicate in a larger, generalized population of residents. The use of a single search engine is likely not adequate to identify all published residents’ studies. Regional differences may exist in the use of search engines, as the combination of MEDLINE (PubMed) and EMBASE resulted in a high sensitivity in Kwak

On Credibility, Clarity, and Compliance

Charting a Professional Course: A Review of Mentorship in Medicine

In an effort to understand the structure function relationship of TFIIH, a transcription/repair factor, we focused our attention on the p44 subunit, which plays a central role in both mechanisms. The amino-terminal portion of p44 has been shown to be involved in the regulation of the XPD helicase activity; here we show that its carboxyl-terminal domain is essential for TFIIH transcription activity and that it binds three zinc atoms through two independent modules. The first contains a C4 zinc finger motif, whereas the second is characterized by a CX(2)CX(2-4)FCADCD motif, corresponding to interleaved zinc binding sites. The solution structure of this second module reveals an unexpected homology with the regulatory domain of protein kinase C and provides a framework to study its role at the molecular level.

Human Trafficking and the Emergency Nurse

Embryonic stem cells are pluripotent and capable of unlimited self-renewal. Elucidation of the underlying molecular mechanism may contribute to the advancement of cell-based regenerative medicine. In the present work, we performed a large scale analysis of the phosphoproteome in mouse embryonic stem (mES) cells. Using multiplex strategies, we detected 4581 proteins and 3970 high confidence distinct phosphosites in 1642 phosphoproteins. Notably, 22 prominent phosphorylated stem cell marker proteins with 39 novel phosphosites were identified for the first time by mass spectrometry, including phosphorylation sites in NANOG (Ser-65) and RE1 silencing transcription factor (Ser-950 and Thr-953). Quantitative profiles of NANOG peptides obtained during the differentiation of mES cells revealed that the abundance of phosphopeptides and non-phosphopeptides decreased with different trends. To our knowledge, this study presents the largest global characterization of phosphorylation in mES cells. Compared with a study of ultimately differentiated tissue cells, a bioinformatics analysis of the phosphorylation data set revealed a consistent phosphorylation motif in human and mouse ES cells. Moreover, investigations into phosphorylation conservation suggested that phosphoproteins were more conserved in the undifferentiated ES cell state than in the ultimately differentiated tissue cell state. However, the opposite conclusion was drawn from this conservation comparison with phosphosites. Overall, this work provides an overview of phosphorylation in mES cells and is a valuable resource for the future understanding of basic biology in mES cells.

We present the first large scale study characterizing both N- and O-linked glycosylation in a site-specific manner on hundreds of proteins. We demonstrate that a lectin-affinity fractionation step using wheat germ agglutinin enriches not only peptides carrying intracellular O-GlcNAc, but also those bearing ER/Golgi-derived N- and O-linked carbohydrate structures. Liquid chromatography-MS (LC/MS) analysis with high accuracy precursor mass measurements and high sensitivity ion trap electron-transfer dissociation (ETD) were utilized for structural characterization of glycopeptides. Our results reveal both the identity of the precise sites of glycosylation and information on the oligosaccharide structures possible on these proteins. We report a novel iterative approach that allowed us to interpret the ETD data set directly without making prior assumptions about the nature and distribution of oligosaccharides present in our glycopeptide mixture. Over 2500 unique N- and O-linked glycopeptides were identified on 453 proteins. The extent of microheterogeneity varied extensively, and up to 19 different oligosaccharides were attached at a given site. We describe the presence of the well-known mucin-type structures for O-glycosylation, an EGF-domain-specific fucosylation and a rare O-mannosylation on the transmembrane phosphatase Ptprz1. Finally, we identified three examples of O-glycosylation on tyrosine residues.

Nurturing a Research-active Clinical Oncology Workforce: A Trainee Perspective

Infection with the obligate bacterial intracellular pathogen Chlamydia trachomatis leads to the sustained activation of the small GTPase RAS and many of its downstream signaling components. In particular, the mitogen-activated protein kinase ERK and the calcium-dependent phospholipase cPLA(2) are activated and are important for the onset of inflammatory responses. In this study we tested if activation of ERK and cPLA(2) occurred as a result of RAS signaling during infection and determined the relative contribution of these signaling components to chlamydial replication and survival. We provide genetic and pharmacological evidence that during infection RAS, ERK, and, to a lesser extent, cPLA(2) activation are uncoupled, suggesting that Chlamydia activates individual components of this signaling pathway in a non-canonical manner. In human cell lines, inhibition of ERK or cPLA(2) signaling did not adversely impact C. trachomatis replication. In contrast, in murine cells, inhibition of ERK and cPLA(2) played a significant protective role against C. trachomatis. We determined that cPLA(2)-deficient murine cells are permissive for C. trachomatis replication because of their impaired expression of beta interferon and the induction of immunity-related GTPases (IRG) important for the containment of intracellular pathogens. Furthermore, the MAPK p38 was primarily responsible for cPLA(2) activation in Chlamydia-infected cells and IRG expression. Overall, these findings define a previously unrecognized role for cPLA(2) in the induction of cell autonomous cellular immunity to Chlamydia and highlight the many non-canonical signaling pathways engaged during infection.

Googling for Health Information

Adrenal insufficiency and liver disease – Re-search

Transition States

Ethics for School Leaders: The Human Condition and Organizational Dynamics is about the complex role of formal and informal leaders in schools. It presents multiple perspectives to enhance comprehension of the organizational and psychological dynamics that come into play when school leaders—those with authority and those without authority—are faced with ethically challenging situations. In addition to a tour of leadership theories, organizational dynamics, psychological dynamics, and ethical perspectives, the case studies in this book weave together aspects of people’s emotional make-up, cognitive framework, and past experiences to illustrate how school leaders use reason and emotion to make complex connections between their inner lives and the demands of their profession. This book identifies specific examples of ways school leaders can enhance ethical practice at the organizational level as well as how to focus on the things they can do personally and interpersonally to improve their work as school leaders in order to make lives better for all of the people they serve. By integrating various approaches to the study of the leadership process, this book makes an important contribution to fields of leadership studies and professional ethics.

Chemical heuristics have been fundamental to the advancement of chemistry and materials science. These heuristics are typically established by scientists using knowledge and creativity to extract patterns from limited datasets. Machine learning offers opportunities to perfect this approach using computers and larger datasets. Here, we discuss the relationships between traditional heuristics and machine learning approaches. We show how traditional rules can be challenged by large-scale statistical assessment and how traditional concepts commonly used as features are feeding the machine learning techniques. We stress the waste involved in relearning chemical rules and the challenges in terms of data size requirements for purely data-driven approaches. Our view is that heuristic and machine learning approaches are at their best when they work together.