The Fertilizer Recommendation Support Tool: A relational database and decision interface tool

In the present computing and fast growing world, information plays a key role in humans day to day life. Information can be stored in databases in an organized manner and SQL allows users to access process and manage data on database. But not all users are accustomed to writing SQL queries. This resulted in need for non-sophisticated users to access the database using natural language. A Natural Language Interface for Database (NLIDB) acts as an intelligent interface for database which allows users to access the database by typing requests in their natural language. The paper is going to discuss about a NLIDB system based on HMM. The system contains two modules: linguistic module and database module. Linguistic module makes uses of various Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques which are used to identify tokens that correspond to the constraints and predicates required to build possible SELECT, WHERE and FROM clauses. The output of linguistic module is passed to database module. Identified tokens are then mapped to SQL query tokens using a query translation algorithm. A template is being used to generate corresponding SQL query. If the algorithm fails to identify sufficient details, a query prediction module based on HMM identifies the attributes and predicates list. The system used either a template based system that produce nearly 100% correct result to user query or prediction module that generate a highest probable result that matches to the user query. No situation exists in which the system fails to produce a result to the NL query.

This article explores the importance of database architecture in building a reference constructicon. Several reference constructicons have been implemented for various languages (FrameNet Constructicon, English Constructicon, Japanese FrameNet Constructicon, German Constructicon, Swedish Constructicon, FrameNet Brasil Constructicon, Russian Constructicon). However, most constructicon projects do not provide explicit information about their implementation or the underlying data model. A recent reference constructicon project dealing mainly with the English language is CASA (Construction Grammar Approach to Syntactic Analysis). In this paper, we present the data model underlying CASA in detail and its current implementation as a relational database and web interface. Relational databases are widely used for many different applications and allow large amounts of data to be stored and managed in a structured and efficient way.

Extended reality (XR) systems—including virtual, augmented, and mixed reality—are increasingly deployed across critical sectors such as healthcare, defense, manufacturing and energy. As these systems grow more cyber-critical, having access to structured and comprehensive information on attacks, vulnerabilities and defenses focusing on human cognition becomes essential for effectively assessing their security and resilience. Despite this, no centralized public resource currently exists that catalogs cognitive security threats specific to XR environments. To address this gap, this paper presents a public online knowledge base designed to facilitate the structured documentation, exploration, and sharing of XR-specific cognitive attacks, vulnerabilities, and mitigation strategies. The development of this resource followed a two-step methodology: first, identifying and defining the core entities involved in XR-related cognitive attacks; and second, modeling and implementing these entities into a relational database and user-friendly web interface. This platform is designed to aid XR product developers, researchers, and security professionals to report cognitive attack patterns and mitigations, and use knowledge base contents to analyze cognitive threats within XR systems.

15 - RDB Database Access from CGI Scripts

Neighborhood scale planning and design in many communities has been evolving from a rule-based process of prescriptive codes and regulation toward a principle- and performance-based process of negotiated priorities and agreements. Much of this negotiation takes place in highly focused and interactive workshop or 'charrette' settings, the best of which are characterized by a fluid and lively exchange of ideas, images and agendas among a diverse mix of citizens, land owners, developers, consultants and public officials. Crucial to the quality and effectiveness of the exchange are techniques and tools that facilitate a greater degree of understanding, communication and collaboration among these participants. Digital media have a significant and strategic role to play toward this end. Of particular value are representational strategies that help disentangle issues, clarify alternatives and evaluate consequences of very complex and often emotional issues of land use, planning and design. This paper reports on the ELEMENTS OF NEIGHBORHOOD, a prototype 'electronic notebook' (relational database) tool developed to bring design information and example 'to the table' of a public workshop. Elements are examples of the building blocks of neighborhood (open spaces, housing, commercial, industrial, civic and network land uses) derived from built examples, and illustrated with graphic, narrative and numeric representations relevant to planning, design, energy, environmental and economic performance. Quantitative data associated with the elements can be linked to Geographic Information based maps and spreadsheet based-evaluation models.

The user interface is a critical portion of any application program. Many EM databases reside in dBASE ™, relational database management systems (RDBMS). The user interface for dBASE ™ RDBMS consists of menu choices and templates for the display of database fields. User interaction with menus and templates is by sequential keyboard input. Though the dBASE ™ RDBMS provides excellent support for database functions there is little support for the design of a functional user interface. Menus of screen choices, templates for field display and the requirement for keyboard input tend to overwhelm all but the most experienced computer user. Since most users prefer screen displays which include familiar objects, any improvement in the user interface for EM databases should seek to simulate these objects in the user interface. Because HyperPAD ™ allows the simulation of familiar objects during screen design, it is an excellent tool for constructing an improved user interface for EM databases in dBASE ™ file format.

The needs of engineers in their interaction with engineering data bases are very different from those of their counter-parts in the business world. Business data base management system interfaces typically provide only a single mode of textual communication, usually a structured query language. However, in an idealengineering data base interface, an engineer would be able to define constraints, give examples, point at parts of pictures, and (sometimes) use several modes of communication simultaneously. The paper presents an example from an engineering design application to show how a traditional query language can be enhanced to accommodate the engineering needs. The paper further describes a conceptual approach for multimodal engineering data base interface combining multipurpose graphics, an engineering query language, and other interface methodologies in an engineering workstation environment.

The volume of data exchanged by computer networks is gradually increasing over time, which provides the need for performance and interoperability between different platforms and systems. In this line, there are several studies dedicated to service-oriented software architectures and resource consumption models. However, a few of them are focused on the development of generic tools for the dynamic creation of data provisioning services. This article presents the analysis of a tool called Restify, which is able to dynamically create web services to provide an online database as a service. Restify achieved the system interoperability requirements regarding heterogeneous operations, programming languages, and server infrastructures. As a result, we observed that the performance of this tool was comparable, if not better, than other evaluated web services, such as REST and SOAP. Finally, Restify excels by behaving like an interface tool, allowing the management and integration of multiple online system tools with various relational databases.

The objective of data mining is to find the useful information from the huge amounts of data. Many researchers have been proposed the different algorithms to find the useful patterns but one of the most important drawbacks they have found that data mining techniques works for single data table. This technique is known as traditional data mining technique. In this era almost all data available in the form of relational database which have multiple tables and their relationships. The new data mining technique has emerged as an alternative for describing structured data such as relational data base, since they allow applying data mining in multiple tables directly, which is known as Multi Relational data mining. To avoid the more number joining operations as well as the semantic losses the researchers bound to use Multi Relational Data Mining approaches. In this paper MRDM focuses multi relational association rule, Multi relational decision tree construction, Inductive logic program (ILP) as well three statistical approaches. We emphasize each MR-Classification approach as well as their characteristics, comparisons as per the statistical values and finally found the most research challenging problems in MRDM.

A Relational Database Interface for Design Expert Systems

Web applications have developed rapidly and have had a significant impact on the application of systems in many domains. The migration of information systems from classic desktop software to web applications can be seen as a permanent trend. This trend also applies to the knowledge based systems. This work is a part of the KBExplorator project – the main goal of this project is to provide a complete and easy to use web-based tool for the development of expert systems. The evaluation of the rules searching effectiveness in the proposed physical rule base model is the first experimental aim of this work. Experiments will be conducted to determine the duration of retrieving a single rule or group of rules in large rules sets. Decomposition of the rule knowledge base into the relational database is also a crucial issue of this work and therefore the presentation of the data model is the second goal of this work. The usage of a relational database in the web-based application is obvious, but its usage as the physical storage for the rule base is described in relatively small number of publications. Proposed decomposition conception and the model presented in this work has not been previously described. The positive results of experiments presented in this work allow us to continue the development of the system – in the next revision, the database interface layer will be implemented with the usage of a specialized API. This proposed software architecture allow us to transparently change the database engine as well as the programming language currently used in the application layer of the system.

.NET Language Integrated Query (LINQ) is based on the philosophy that querying should be native to your object-oriented programming language. LINQ allows you to write queries in a uniform way in your programming language itself, taking full advantage of strong typing and tool support. Any data source provider can plug into the LINQ framework, allowing it to be queried from within any .NET programming language in a strongly typed, uniform way. This demo focuses on querying in C#. We show the strongly typed querying experience across in-memory collections, relational databases and XML documents.

In the past decade, a new and exciting technology has unfolded on the shores of the information systems area. Based on a combination of statistical and artificial intelligence techniques, data mining has emerged from relational databases and Online Analytical Processing as a powerful tool for organizational decision support (Shim et al., 2002).

HIV Molecular Immunology is a companion volume to HIV Sequence Compendium. This publication, the 2014 edition, is the PDF version of the web-based HIV Immunology Database (http://www.hiv.lanl.gov/content/immunology/). The web interface for this relational database has many search options, as well as interactive tools to help immunologists design reagents and interpret their results. In the HIV Immunology Database, HIV-specific B-cell and T-cell responses are summarized and annotated. Immunological responses are divided into three parts, CTL, T helper, and antibody. Within these parts, defined epitopes are organized by protein and binding sites within each protein, moving from left to right through the coding regions spanning the HIV genome. We include human responses to natural HIV infections, as well as vaccine studies in a range of animal models and human trials. Responses that are not specifically defined, such as responses to whole proteins or monoclonal antibody responses to discontinuous epitopes, are summarized at the end of each protein section. Studies describing general HIV responses to the virus, but not to any specific protein, are included at the end of each part. The annotation includes information such as crossreactivity, escape mutations, antibody sequence, TCR usage, functional domains that overlap with an epitope, immune response associations with rates of progression and therapy, and how specific epitopes were experimentally defined. Basic information such as HLA specificities for T-cell epitopes, isotypes of monoclonal antibodies, and epitope sequences are included whenever possible. All studies that we can find that incorporate the use of a specific monoclonal antibody are included in the entry for that antibody. A single T-cell epitope can have multiple entries, generally one entry per study. Finally, maps of all defined linear epitopes relative to the HXB2 reference proteins are provided.

Decisions in relation to screening and treatment for bone fragility are multi-criterial and therefore preference-sensitive. In person-centred care the relevant preferences are those of the patient-as-person. Threshold-based guidelines typically focus on a single numerical criterion, such as 10 year Fracture probability in those based on Frax, leaving other criteria for largely verbal 'consideration. Drawing on Australian, Danish and UK Frax data we show how a simple MCDA-based Decision Support Tool can trump a guideline by generating a personalised opinion based on the individual's preferences and the best available estimates of the performance rates of the main medications on multiple criteria, including Fracture within 10 years. Guidelines for assessment and intervention are not appropriate in person-centred care, where individual preferences and criterion trade-offs are formally elicited at the point of decision, making the group average thresholds underpinning the guidelines redundant. Personalised decision support tools are a necessity for eliciting these preferences and the computational task of integrating them with the best estimates available, to facilitate visual, interactive, informed and preference-based consent.