THE OCEAN BREEZE AND DRY GULCH DIFFUSION PROGRAMS, VOLUME 1

To date, the vast majority of developmental programs have had to be satisfied with assessing students’ learning within the confines of their programs. Although there were opportunities for indirect assessments, with graduate surveys or surveys of supervisors/employers, response rates tended to be low. Even when responses were received, they often came from people with little expertise in learning, making it difficult for educators to translate the feedback into actionable program improvements. The United States (US) Air Force has, however, decided to attempt what other learning institutions have not – arguably cannot. It is attempting to leverage its competency-based approach to performance assessment to enhance program evaluation. Because of the closed nature of this learning environment, where students graduate from US Air Force programs and go on to work in US Air Force jobs, there is a unique opportunity to assess learning as it is actually being applied in the workplace. Leveraging a competency-based force-development paradigm, the US Air Force has constructed a “foundational competencies” model for common knowledge, skills and abilities, complemented by occupational competencies specific to individual jobs, positions and specialties. These competencies are mapped to performance descriptions that determine levels of mastery. These performance descriptions are, in turn, mapped to rubrics that guide performance evaluations. Shortcomings in performance can be identified, quantified, and fed back to the developmental program for potential program modification or, for special updates to the force, to ensure Airmen perform their duties properly and achieve desired levels of mastery. This approach has been approved but is not yet fully implemented. The new Foundational Competencies Model has been developed and validated through a criterion-sampling methodology. In addition, many technical careers have created “occupational competencies” models delineated the specific knowledge, skills and abilities specific to their jobs. The full range of supporting assessment mechanisms, however, are still in the process of being designed and dispatched to facilitate ease of use and centralize data-gathering. This article overviews the US Air Force’s approach and its progress to date.

ChemInformVolume 19, Issue 33 Physical Organic Chemistry ChemInform Abstract: Ionic Structure and Interactions in 1-Methyl-3-ethylimidazolium Chloride-AlCl3 Molten Salts K. M. DIETER, K. M. DIETER Frank J. Seiler Res. Lab., US Air Force Acad., Colorado Springs, CO 80840-6528, USASearch for more papers by this authorC. J. JUN. DYMEK, C. J. JUN. DYMEK Frank J. Seiler Res. Lab., US Air Force Acad., Colorado Springs, CO 80840-6528, USASearch for more papers by this authorN. E. HEIMER, N. E. HEIMER Frank J. Seiler Res. Lab., US Air Force Acad., Colorado Springs, CO 80840-6528, USASearch for more papers by this authorJ. W. ROVANG, J. W. ROVANG Frank J. Seiler Res. Lab., US Air Force Acad., Colorado Springs, CO 80840-6528, USASearch for more papers by this authorJ. S. WILKES, J. S. WILKES Frank J. Seiler Res. Lab., US Air Force Acad., Colorado Springs, CO 80840-6528, USASearch for more papers by this author K. M. DIETER, K. M. DIETER Frank J. Seiler Res. Lab., US Air Force Acad., Colorado Springs, CO 80840-6528, USASearch for more papers by this authorC. J. JUN. DYMEK, C. J. JUN. DYMEK Frank J. Seiler Res. Lab., US Air Force Acad., Colorado Springs, CO 80840-6528, USASearch for more papers by this authorN. E. HEIMER, N. E. HEIMER Frank J. Seiler Res. Lab., US Air Force Acad., Colorado Springs, CO 80840-6528, USASearch for more papers by this authorJ. W. ROVANG, J. W. ROVANG Frank J. Seiler Res. Lab., US Air Force Acad., Colorado Springs, CO 80840-6528, USASearch for more papers by this authorJ. S. WILKES, J. S. WILKES Frank J. Seiler Res. Lab., US Air Force Acad., Colorado Springs, CO 80840-6528, USASearch for more papers by this author First published: August 16, 1988 https://doi.org/10.1002/chin.198833051Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume19, Issue33August 16, 1988 RelatedInformation

<strong class="journal-contentHeaderColor">Abstract.</strong> We report the recovery and re-calibration of an extensive dataset of vertical profile measurements of the 1963/64 stratospheric aerosol layer measured from a two-site searchlight measurement facility at White Sands missile base and Sacramento Peak observatory, in New Mexico, US. The recovered dataset comprises 105 profiles of 550 nm aerosol extinction (&beta;<em>_p</em> (<em>z</em>)) and is part of a longer program of measurements with the US Air Force Cambridge Research Laboratories (AFCRL) searchlight facility that began in February 1963. The recovered series of &beta;<em>_p</em> (<em>z</em>) profiles span the 13-month period December 1963 to December 1964 and provide a unique record of the altitude and vertical extent of the Northern Hemisphere dispersed portion of the aerosol cloud from the March 1963 Agung volcanic eruption. The data recovery methodology involved first re-digitizing the 105 original &beta;<em>_p</em> (<em>z</em>) profiles (&beta;<em>_p^Orig</em> (<em>z</em>)) from individual Figures within an AFCRL research report (Elterman, 1966a). The re-calibration involves inverting the original equation used to compute &beta;<em>_p</em> (<em>z</em>) in Elterman (1966a; 1966b) to retrieve a normalized detector response ((<em>E_rp (z)</em>)/(<em>E_rp</em> (35))) profile for each of the 105 re-digitized &beta;<em>_p^Orig</em> (<em>z</em>) profiles. An iterative procedure was then used to compute the re-calibration &beta;<em>_p^Orig</em> (<em>z</em>) profiles (&beta;<em>_p^Recal (z)</em>), with the molecular extinction profile calculated with the corresponding daily molecular extinction profile calculated from local soundings, rather than the US Standard Atmosphere 1962 in the original dataset. Two-way molecular and aerosol transmittance corrections are applied using the MODTRAN (MODerate resolution atmospheric TRANsmission) code in transmission mode, applying a best-estimate aerosol phase function calculated from measurements, applied for the entire 2.76 to 35.2 km column. For the tropospheric aerosol transmittance, the AERONET aerosol phase function from White Sands High Energy Laser Systems Test Facility (HELSTF) was applied (2.76 to 10.7 km), a separate stratospheric phase function applied between 11.2 and 35.2 km, calculated from a set of particle size distributions measured by the U-2 high-altitude aircraft over a US region in the vicinity of White Sands in early 1964. Errors were estimated taking as a reference the errors determined in the computation of &beta;<em>_p^Orig</em> (<em>z</em>). Using available tabulated data from the original procedure the errors in the re-digitalization of &beta;<em>_p^Orig</em> (<em>z</em>) and in the retrieval of the (<em>E_rp (z)</em>)/(<em>E_rp</em> (35)) procedures were calculated and later added to the original estimates. Both the &beta;<em>_p^Recal (z)</em> and the stratospheric aerosol optical depth magnitudes showed higher magnitudes than &beta;<em>_p^Orig</em> (<em>z</em>) and the original stratospheric aerosol optical depth, however their magnitudes show a reasonable agreement with other contemporary observations. Both the original and re-calibration datasets are being submitted to PANGAEA data repository for its storage and public access.

: The United States Air Force Graduate Student Research Program (USAF- GSRP) is conducted under the United States Air Force Summer Faculty Research Program. This is accomplished by the students being selected on a nationally advertised competitive basis for a ten-week assignment during the summer intersession period to perform research at Air Force laboratories/centers. Each assignment is in a subject area and at an Air Force facility mutually agreed upon by the students and the Air Force. In addition to compensation, travel and cost of living allowances are also paid. The USAF-GSRP is sponsored by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Air Force Systems Command, United States Air force, and is conducted by Universal Energy Systems, Inc. The specific objectives of the 1988 USAF-GSRP are: (1) To provide a productive means for the graduate students to participate in research at the Air Force Laboratories/ Centers; (2) To stimulate continuing professional association among the Graduate Students and their professional peers in the Air Force; (3) To further the research objectives of the United States Air Force; (4) To enhance the research productivity and capabilities of the graduate students especially as these relate to Air Force technical interests.

An electron-proton spectrometer has been designed for use on the synchronous orbit research satellite, SCATHA. The spectrometer covers the energy range from 0. 05 keV to Presented as Paper SA61 of the SPR-Aeronomy Special Session on Spacecraft Charging by Magnetospheric Plasma, cosponsored by AIAA, at the 56th Annual Meeting of the American Geophysical Union, Washington, D. C. , June 16-19, 1975. Work performed partially under Contract F19628-74-C-0217 issued by the Air Force Geophysics Laboratory (formerly Air Force Cambridge Research Laboratories) and supported by the Air Force In-House Laboratory Independent Research Fund. Radiation Physics Dept. 'Head, Research Branch, Radiation Physics Dept. ^Head, Systems Branch, Radiation Physics Dept. Senior Engineer, Systems Branch, Radiation Physics Dept. Staff Physicist, Energetic Particles Branch. ii* Chief, Energetic Particles Branch. **Staff Physicist, Energetic Particles Branch. 31 Purchased from American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics

The Effect of Expanding Paid Maternity Leave on Maternal Health: Evidence From the United States Air Force &amp;amp; Army

With the growth of information and communication technology (ICT) such as the internet, email, and video conferencing, the United States Air Force has become more efficient and productive in conducting its daily business. However, not only do computer technologies increase daily productivity rates among the employees; they also increase the Air Force’s capability to digest larger amounts of information while supporting an end goal of being able to share that information across the entire organization. Perhaps one of the most popular methods by which to share such large amounts of organizational information is through informal learning environments such as communities of practice. The Air Force has no doubt embraced the concept of communities of practice. However, as popular as these “communities” are among many employees, there is still a majority of Air Force employees who choose not to use them. The purpose of this chapter is to provide practical ways in which the United States Air Force can increase participation in Virtual Communities of Practice (VCoPs) among its workforce, as well as providing theoretical frameworks upon which further research can be conducted. Finally, this chapter will propose a set of testable propositions that may serve as the basis for future research.

: Some of the research done at the Air Force Cambridge Research Center Geophysics Research Directorate and the Air Force Cambridge Research Laboratories during the early years of the Space Program is reviewed. Vignettes are provided of some of the programs in which the laboratories were world leaders. The period starts with the testing of captured V-2 rockets at White Sands, NM in 1946 and ends with satellites that were launched in 1983. A very extensive scientific rocket program from 1956 had the goals of determining the properties of the upper atmosphere and ionosphere and, in some cases, modifying them. There was participation in many joint field programs with other organizations. When the satellite age started in 1957, AFCRC was in the forefront of supporting satellite tracking, determining drag effects on orbits, and developing first time accurate upper atmosphere models. This was followed by developing and flying unique satellites to determine atmospheric properties and providing instruments for satellites that were developed jointly with other DoD organizations and NASA. Finally, the laboratory made major contributions to the development of updated versions of the U. S. Standard Atmosphere and Supplements, and to the development of several versions of CIRA (CO SPAR International Reference Atmospheres).

WHAT WITH delivering thousands of babies a year, caring for family members with physical and mental disabilities, rehabilitating adults with alcohol and/or drug abuse problems, counseling couples with marital woes, and dealing with the various ailments and injuries that can afflict a basically healthy young population, it's cause for wonder that peacetime personnel at the US Army and US Air Force medical centers in West Germany are able effectively to carry out the other half of their mission: being prepared to provide medical support in the event of war. Visits to the two centers under the Heidelberg-based Seventh Medical Command, Frankfurt Army Regional Medical Center (FARMC) and Landstuhl Army Regional Medical Center (LARMC), and to the Wiesbaden Air Force Regional Medical Center give some idea how they do it. The task is clearly immense. All three are responsible for primary and tertiary care in their own approximately 13 000 km

We evaluated the effectiveness of the US Air Force Suicide Prevention Program (AFSPP) in reducing suicide, and we measured the extent to which air force installations implemented the program. We determined the AFSPP's impact on suicide rates in the air force by applying an intervention regression model to data from 1981 through 2008, providing 16 years of data before the program's 1997 launch and 11 years of data after launch. Also, we measured implementation of program components at 2 points in time: during a 2004 increase in suicide rates, and 2 years afterward. Suicide rates in the air force were significantly lower after the AFSPP was launched than before, except during 2004. We also determined that the program was being implemented less rigorously in 2004. The AFSPP effectively prevented suicides in the US Air Force. The long-term effectiveness of this program depends upon extensive implementation and effective monitoring of implementation. Suicides can be reduced through a multilayered, overlapping approach that encompasses key prevention domains and tracks implementation of program activities.

: The US Air Force is the world's preeminent air, space, and cyberspace force. Its mission is to fly, fight, and win, and it does this better than any other air force in the world. Since the inception of airpower, airmen have struggled with the dilemma of how to protect their capability to fly, fight, and win when their aircraft are removed from their natural environment of the air and returned to the ground, where they become vulnerable like any bird of prey. Air Force basic doctrine states, Air and space power is most vulnerable on the ground. Thus, force protection is an integral part of air and space power employment. While the USAF recognizes the threat, base defense- defending one s air assets on the ground- is one of the least understood operational aspects of airpower. The current Air Force strategy for defending air bases is integrated defense (ID)- formerly known as air base defense or air base ground defense. This study looks at the period between September 2008 and June 2010 when the Air Force took on the base operating support integration (BOS-I) mission at Joint Base Balad (JBB). Operation Desert Safeside saw a scope of operations not seen by a single USAF security forces unit since the Vietnam War. During this period over 900 Air Force security forces personnel were deployed in one unit, charged with the defense of JBB. These men and women focused on ground combat operations outside the wire (OTW), while simultaneously synchronizing air and ground forces into the Army s counterinsurgency and stability campaign. This study examines the first full implementation of ID in a combat environment to evaluate the effectiveness of the strategy in actual operations, learn from that experience, and provide considerations for future operations.

: The United States Air Force Graduate Student Summer Support Program (USAF-GSSSP) is conducted under the United States Air Force Summer Faculty Research Program. The program provides funds for selected graduate students to work at an appropriate Air Force Facility with a supervising professor who holds a concurrent Summer Faculty Research Program appointment or with a supervising Air Force Engineer. The specific objectives of the 1985 USAF-GSSSP are: To provide a productive means for the graduate students to participate in research at the Air Force Weapons Laboratory; To stimulate continuing professional association among the Scholars and their professional peers in the Air Force; To further the research objectives of the United States Air Force; To enhance the research productivity. This two volume document is a compilation of the final reports written by the assigned students members about their summer research efforts.

United States Air Force survey of dental needs, 1977: methodology and summary of findings

Risk factors for severe outcomes among members of the United States military hospitalized with pneumonia and influenza, 2000–2012

: The United States Air Force is at a critical time in its history. Since the end of World War II, the Air Force has enjoyed qualitative technology superiority over its adversaries. With the development of the cyber age, this technology advantage gained by the Air Force has been continuously under assault. The rapid advance of cyberspace operations is driving an imperative to evolve Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance (ISR) for the Air Force. Within this context, ISR can be the impetus for proactive defense within the cyberspace domain. The existing Air Force ISR capability for support to defensive cyberspace operations has to operate in an environment of global adversaries. The effectiveness of Air Force defensive cyber strategy will depend on long range trend analysis of adversary capabilities and intent. An evolution of ISR for cyber defense can improve protection of key Air Force command and control functions, as well as best preserve the Air Force's qualitative technology advantage against adversary network reconnaissance and attack activities. This paper provides several recommendations to advance ISR for cyber defense. The Air Force should develop a robust ISR Processing, Exploitation and Dissemination (PED) capability devoted to cyberspace. Additionally, the Air Force should conduct an in-depth study to determine resources required for the National Air and Space Intelligence Center to grow capacity for more robust analysis of adversary cyber capabilities. Next, a stronger cyber defensive strategy, enabled by ISR, will require additional intelligence resources or realignment of existing resources in the Air Force ISR Agency and 24th Air Force. ISR capabilities will be the catalyst for cyber defense of critical assets to more fully protect commanders' air, space and cyber operations.