The product-effect: a methodological innovation for evaluating visual identity and stakeholder perception in NGOs

This paper exposed the major challenges that the non‐governmental organizations (NGOs) face in improving development ownership among vulnerable people in community empowerment projects in Bangladesh. The finding, based on a qualitative research approach, used multi‐method data collection procedures. Data were collected from two NGOs, Proshika and Practical Action Bangladesh (PAB), working with two vulnerable communities—blacksmiths and goldsmiths. The results showed that NGOs faced a number of challenges, including lack of understanding about the local context, initiatives to localize global development tools, developing partnership, and space for local people in the development processes. The paper argued that, without securing development ownership, the NGOs’ activities toward community empowerment of vulnerable people would not be possible. The findings of the paper would be valuable guidelines for policy makers, development practitioners, NGO workers, and academicians.

Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) are associations of people who are not content to be mere observers. This makes it possible to develop the human race and engage it in activities, the implementation of which would be difficult or impossible without the involvement of active members of society. [1] The situation of the conflict in Ukraine illustrated the necessity of tightening cooperation between state institutions and non-governmental organisations. Developing procedures for cooperation, and not only defining the necessity of cooperation, is necessary to avoid crises and effectively assist those who need support. NGOs can be there, where powerful state systems are not able to reach, and thus are not able to provide assistance, which implies a lack of security. The aim of this article is to show that NGOs are an added value to the system of security management, but there are no systemic solutions that would enable them to use their full potential. At the same time the content of the article answers the following research problem: To what extent are non-governmental organizations are able to ensure the security of the Polish state on the example of the refugee crisis of the Ukrainian-Russian war? In relation to the main problem, the hypothesis was adopted that on the example of the refugee crisis of the Ukrainian-Russian war, NGOs are able to ensure the security of the Polish state with the tools they have, but there is a need for legislative action is needed to enable NGOs to participate more in this area. The adopted hypothesis was positively verified in the course of the analyses. The research used the method of analysis, synthesis and abstraction.

The intense competition among companies engaged in the packaged coffee beverage sector encourages companies to have reliable strategies in order to be able to increase business growth and win marketshare. This study aims to analyze the effect of brand image, price and product quality on purchasing decisions for packaged beverage products Kopiko 78°C at PT. XYZ. The subject of this research is the consumer, PT. XYZ; as many as 100 consumers were used as samples. This research is descriptive and verifiable. The data collection procedure in this study used a literature study and field studies (questionnaires and interviews). The instrument testing method uses validity and reliability tests. Methods of data analysis using multiple linear regression analysis, correlation coefficient analysis, analysis of the coefficient of determination, and significance tests simultaneously and partially. The results showed that the brand image, price and product quality were in a good category. Partially and simultaneously, brand image, price and product quality have a positive and significant effect on purchasing decisions.

Despite significant contributions from non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in socio-economic development in Bangladesh, the evidence in community development is little known. The findings of this article are based on two NGOs working with two indigenous communities. The study used a qualitative case study research approach, where a multi-method data collection procedure was applied. The analysis of the findings underscored the role of these two NGOs in four ingredients of community development: improving participation, social networking, partnership and development ownership. The results showed that the NGOs’ contributions in community development were credible. The findings provide important guidelines for social workers, NGO workers and development practitioners.

This study provides a review of eye-tracking as a technique for measurement of attention. The review discusses its theoretical basis, advantages and disadvantages, data collection procedures, analysis methods, and application in tourism and hospitality. Areas for further research in tourism and hospitality are provided based on a systematic review of tourism research using eye-tracking.

The chapter examines the electronic communication of local nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) operating in the field of environmental protection. In the study we answer the following research question: how should environmental NGOs deal with e-communication management strategies in order to be heard by decision-makers? The content analysis method was used in this study. This approach helped us to analyze the information available on the websites of respected NGOs, as well as on the Google platform, and to logically classify and categorize all the data collected. The research results revealed that due to limited financial and human resources and analytical skills, the e-communication capacity of NGOs operating in Klaipeda, the third-largest city in Lithuania, is highly fragmented. In principle, e-communication is limited to presenting information about a problem or feedback to a proposal that does not provoke a significant reaction from the population. Meanwhile, nationwide NGOs communicate much more intensively and can make a real impact on legislative change and co-create according to the global capacities of environmental governance, as they have both employee and financial backing.

CSOs are a key component of an open and democratic society as they play a key role in the strengthening of democracy and the rule of law, their dialogue with the public authorities being a precondition for this. By analyzing the development of dialogue between Moldovan CSOs and Central and Local Public authorities (CPA / LPA), I found that PA are not yet fully aware of the value of the dialogue, which is sporadic and guided by certain interests, that do not always coincide with the public interest. The key objective pursued by this research was to review the environment underlying activity and collaboration of the civil society from the standpoint of influence exerted by the internal and external factors that determine the core essence of the social environment, while paving and setting conditions for carrying out activities and collaboration between the civil society and public authorities. The paper aims to prove that more communication and collaboration between public authorities and civil society organizations, will likely result in a more inclusive, qualitative and focused act of governance. The author analyses and presents the existing decision-making systems and its consultation mechanisms with the civil society organizations in the Republic of Moldova, the existing opportunities for CSO’s involvement in the public policy making process and the actual practices. A number of research methods were used in the study, aimed at highlighting the particularities of the dialogue and cooperation between the public authorities (PA) and the CSOs, as part of the act of governance, studying the development over time and the influence of various social, economic and political factors on these processes. Thus, the historical analysis method to research the origin and evolution of the legal framework that regulates the dialogue and cooperation between PA and the CSOs was applied. It included analysis of the relevant laws, regulations and policies, together with existing reports and studies on the subject of research, in the Republic of Moldova. I found that public authorities are not yet fully aware of the value of the dialogue and the political factor is also of great influence, as in recent years there has been an increasing pressure on the civil society. The paper reflects the current situation in Moldova, which can be summarized as follows: a) there are no permanent mechanisms or platforms for cooperation and consultation, open to all. Civil society participation is limited to a small number of CSOs, and there are no incentives for the growth of CSOs. b) LPAs, compared to CPAs, enjoy a much higher level of ,,trust” from the society/community, but they rarely have the resources and skills to conduct a constructive dialogue with CSOs; c) there is a proven reluctance of the LPA/CPA to deepen the dialogue and cooperation with the civil society; d) The culture of participation is very weak as there is no perception that participation is an instrument of change. A number of recommendations in order to address the identified problems are listed.

This chapter concentrates on the instruments of data collection and the methods of data analysis. The first two paragraphs focus on the linkage of the empirical concepts through the instruments of data collection (questionnaires, public reports and bibliometric methods) to the empirical world and to the relevant literature. Following this, the measures taken to guarantee the reliability of the methods of data analysis are discussed. This chapter ends with describing the selection criteria and approach of the study population.

The present study is devoted to the problem of use of modern behavioral economics models in internet branding. The article aims to identify the most efficient instruments of internet branding for the various models of behavioral economics. Depending on the consumer behavior model it is efficient to use various instruments of the behavior economics in internet branding. In the framework of the study, the authors used methods of analysis, comparison, data analysis and systematization, comparative analysis, analogy. The novelty of the study is explained by the systematization of application of internet branding instruments depending on the models of consumer behavior. The findings of the study may be efficiently used by the marketing specialists and brand managers, who perform their operations on the internet.

Plant metabolomics is an important research area in plant science. Chemometrics is a useful tool for plant metabolomic data analysis and processing. Among them, high-order chemometrics represented by tensor modeling provides a new and promising technical method for the analysis of complex multi-way plant metabolomics data. This paper systematically reviews different tensor methods widely applied to the analysis of complex plant metabolomic data. The advantages and disadvantages as well as the latest methodological advances of tensor models are reviewed and summarized. At the same time, application of different tensor methods in solving plant science problems are also reviewed and discussed. The reviewed applications of tensor methods in plant metabolomics cover a wide range of important plant science topics including plant gene mutation and phenotype, plant disease and resistance, plant pharmacology and nutrition analysis, and plant products ingredient characterization and quality evaluation. It is evident from the review that tensor methods significantly promote the automated and intelligent process of plant metabolomics analysis and profoundly affect the paradigm of plant science research. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first review to systematically summarize the tensor analysis methods in plant metabolomic data analysis.

The study sought to determine the impact of small and medium enterprises (SME) loans on women empowerment in Pabna District in Bangladesh. Day by day, the numbers of women entrepreneurs are increasing. But still, the ratio of male and female entrepreneurs is unequal. The objectives of this study were to find out reasons to take SME loans, to assess the level of women empowerment based on some selected indicators, and to identify some barriers to women entrepreneurship development in Pabna District in Bangladesh. The sample comprised 100 women entrepreneurs from Pabna District who have taken SME loans from private banks, public banks, and non-government organizations. To get specific results from this study, several data analysis methods have been applied. Some specific findings of the study are women entrepreneurs take small and medium enterprise loans to improve the economic condition of their families, the level of empowerment increases after starting economic activities through small and medium enterprise loans, most potential barriers in women’s entrepreneurship development are socio-cultural constraint and complexities to get loans. The study only focused on one district. Therefore, it is hard to represent the whole country. The findings of this study could help future researchers.

We present a general review on methods of correlation function profile analysis in photon correlation spectroscopy. The limited. objectives are: (1) to emphasize the interactive nature of experimental measurements, data analysis and theory, (2) to provide simple basic equations with a minimum of mathematical details for the different methods of data analysis, and (3) to summarize some useful relations between methods of data analysis and model fitting including molecular polydispersity.

This study addresses the core issue of consumers experiencing difficulties in selecting suitable moisturizer products for normal to oily skin, amidst the rapid growth of the skincare industry in Indonesia. The objective of this research is to calculate the gap between the ideal and actual profiles in order to identify the degree of compatibility based on predefined criteria, as well as to determine the relevant attributes involved in forming both profiles. The research employs the Profile Matching method as the primary approach to analyze the alignment between product alternatives and the ideal consumer profile. The research design includes the identification of research type, determination of population and sample, data collection procedures through online questionnaires, and data analysis methods. The findings indicate that the Profile Matching method is effective in identifying the most suitable moisturizer product from the Somethinc brand for normal to oily skin. The analysis produces a ranking of products based on the total scores calculated, assisting users in understanding product suitability, effectiveness, and usage behavior. A small or zero gap between the ideal and actual profiles signifies a high degree of compatibility, demonstrating that this method is capable of providing accurate product recommendations. The key aspects contributing to profile formation include product suitability (skin type, skin reaction, product match), usage behavior (frequency of use, awareness of skin type, intention to continue usage), and product effectiveness (variants tried, perceived improvements, and product knowledge).

The impact of artisanal gold mining on the sustainability of Ghana's river basins: The case of the Pra basin

Since January 2015 the government has begun to abolish some product subsidies, especially for the marketing area of Java Bali and Madura. This opens up opportunities for new players to enter the oil and gas sector given the increasingly promising profits. the emergence of this new competitor adds to fierce competition between outlets, and to maintain cost efficiency a flexibility strategy and innovation strategy are implemented, especially related to the distribution of products from the company to all outlets where transportation equipment is adjusted so that it can transport various types of products to several outlets at a time . This condition is accompanied by a policy that a conveyance may send to various outlets at a time. Initially, business performance improved rapidly but with the increasing number of outlets there were several product distribution accidents, subsidized deposits, customers switching to other outlets including those owned by foreign companies, and backlog transaction constraints. The problem is that the partner's trust has declined including customers to the company as a result of very strict supervision in the midst of environmental changes as a result of changes in government policies and regulations lately. The sample became the object of research is customer stations in Central Java and Yogyakarta as many as 200 customer in the Gas Station Central Java and Yogyakarta. Methods of data analysis used in this study is a quantitative analysis method where quantitative data analysis method is a method of analysis in the form of figures and calculations using statistical methods. In simplify the analysis process, will be used SEM, AMOS.
 Keywords : Product Cohesiveness, Quality Business Strategy, Business Performance, Competitive Advantage