The programming language Concurrent Pascal

This is a personal history of the early development of the monitor concept and its implementation in the programming language Concurrent Pascal. The paper explains how monitors evolved from the ideas of Dahl, Dijkstra, Hoare, and the author (1971-73). At Caltech the author and his students developed and implemented Concurrent Pascal and used it to write several model operating systems (1974-75). A portable implementation of Concurrent Pascal was widely distributed and used for system design (1976-90). The monitor paradigm was also disseminated in survey papers and text books. The author ends the story by expressing his own mixed feelings about monitors and Concurrent Pascal.

This is a description of the single-user operating system Solo written in the programming language Concurrent Pascal. It supports the development of Sequential and Concurrent Pascal programs for the PDP 11/45 computer. Input/output are handled by concurrent processes. Pascal programs can call one another recursively and pass arbitrary parameters among themselves. This makes it possible to use Pascal as a job control language. Solo is the first major example of a hierarchical concurrent program implemented in terms of abstract data types (classes, monitors and processes) with compile-time control of most access rights. It is described here from the user’s point of view as an introduction to another paper describing its internal structure.

Recursive function theory studies functions that can be evaluated by an algorithm based on some computing model such as a Turing machine or computer program. These functions are called partial recursive (p.r.) and are defined on subsets of N, where N = {0, 1,... }, with values in N. (A good introduction to the theory may be found in [2].) This paper explains the Parameter Theorem, illustrates some unusual computer programs, and explains their connection to recursive function theory. Basing our computing model on a modern high level language, we can construct programs whose existence is known through more formal means. Our functions will operate on strings rather than numbers, however. There is no loss in generality since strings can be viewed as members of N, and vice-versa. From a practical aspect, this approach is somewhat more desirable since conventional programming languages often allow making use of long strings, but place more restrictive limits on the size of integers. We first pose a problem: Does there exist a program (written in some conventional programming language) which halts if and only if its input is identical to the program's text (i.e., source code)? For the remainder of this note X is the set of ASCII characters 'a,' 'b, +,' space, line feed, and so forth, needed to write programs in most programming languages. We denote by X * the set of all strings (finite sequences) over X. Let P1 be the set of all one variable partial recursive functions on X *. A function I belongs to P1 if and only if there is a subset of S of X* and some algorithm which computes 't by associating with each element of S a well-defined element of X *. Similarly, 't belongs to P2 if and only if there is a set S c X * X X *, and an algorithm for 't which associates with each element of S a well-defined element of X *. A partial recursive function I in P1 (or in P2) is recursive if the algorithm is defined on all of X * (or X * X X *). This is equivalent to saying that the algorithm which evaluates I always halts. Our computing model will be based on Adat; its high-level string-handling properties simplify later examples. For readability, however, we will express algorithms in a more familiar Pascal-like style. Readers familiar with either programming language should find forthcoming algorithms sufficiently clear. A formal presentation in Ada is given in the Appendix. A string of ASCII characters, such as in FIGURE 1, represents a function in our language which takes strings to strings. Of course, strings of ASCII characters such as The quick brown fox and %*!! represent nothing at all in our programming language. Let A1 be the set of all strings in X * representing functions in our language of one input STRING which outputs a STRING. Similarly let A2 be the set of all strings in

Concurrent Pascal as a simulation language

In Concurrent Pascal, the syntactic and semantic definition of the language prevents the inadvertent definition of a program that might violate the integrity of a shared data object. However, the language also does not allow the dynamic allocation of reusable resources among processes, and this restriction seems unnecessarily stingent. This paper proposes the addition to Concurrent Pascal of a new type of program component, to be called a resource manager. By this means, dynamic resource allocation can be accomplished both safely and efficiently. The notion that a process holds access rights to a resource is generalized to the notion that it holds capability rights, but the capability to atually make use of a resource is granted dynamically. The anonymity of dynamically allocatable resources is also guaranteed.

The concept of “protection” in programming languages refers to the ability to express directly in the language the desired access control relationships for all objects defined in the language. The use of such mechanisms as data types, scope, parameter passing mechanisms, routines as parameters, abstract data types, and capabilities in Pascal, Concurrent Pascal, Euclid, Clu, and Gypsy are explored via a simple example which embodies many protection problems. The usefulness of language defined and enforced protection mechanisms to the process of formal verification is discussed.

Existing commercial and open source speech recognition engines do not come with prebuilt models that lend themselves to natural input of programming languages. Prior approaches to this problem have largely concentrated on developing spoken syntax for existing programming languages. In this paper, we instead describe a new programming language and environment that is being developed to use "closer to English" syntax. In addition to providing a more intuitive spoken syntax for users, this allows existing speech recognizers to achieve improved accuracy using their prebuilt English models. Our basic recognizer is built from a standard context-free grammar together with the CMU Sphinx pre-trained English models. To improve its accuracy, we modify the language model during runtime by factoring in additional context derived from the program text, such as variable scoping and type inference. While still a work in progress, we anticipate that this will yield measurable improvements in speed and accuracy of spoken program dictation.

Nurul Jadid, one of the biggest Islamic boarding schools in Indonesian with 10,154 students, faces difficulties in running Islamic boarding schools' educational administration. The validity of student data is crucial to the ongoing process of education. If complex and large amounts of data are not managed properly, data validation issues may arise. If there are issues with validating student data, islamic boarding schools will struggle to obtain information on the growth of their students. In the end, it will be challenging for Islamic boarding schools to decide on policy directions for the growth of Islamic boarding schools. The Nurul Jadid Islamic Boarding School Paiton Probolinggo created the Pedatren (Islamic Boarding School Data Management) application to address this issue. The Nurul Jadid Islamic Boarding School developed the application Pedatren with the goal of bridging the data interests of all institutions and organizations. Every user who can log in to Pedatren is given access rights according to their respective interests by using the jami' wal mani' principle to provide levels of use, or access rights. The goal of this study is to provide a description of the Pedatren application and how it aids in the management of the Nurul Jadid Islamic Boarding School in Paiton Probolinggo. The data for this study were collected through in-depth interviews, extensive observations, and trials on the Pedatren application. Parenting programs, application-based student permits, application-based student attendance and ustadz, as well as the islamic boarding school database are all included in the Pedatren application. The Node.Js programming language, PM2 vue js clustering framework, and Rest-Api are all used in the management of this islamic boarding school's data. Pedatren can be an effective and efficient management solution for Nurul Jadid Islamic Boarding School with indicators, maximum service quickly, simplify searches, become a comprehensive Islamic boarding school database, become policy considerations, and become the main data in inter-institutional systems and local government.

The programming language Concurrent Pascal can be used for the construction not only of small memory‐resident operating systems but also of moderate size swapping systems. If a few amendments are made to the kernel, it is possible to provide a virtual memory management as a part of the CPASCAL program. This approach was taken in the construction of a small time‐sharing system called MUSIC (Multi‐User System In Concurrent Pascal), the design of which is briefly sketched, along with some considerations about the language.

Purpose. The authors aim to determine the differences between functional programming languages, to identify the capabilities of the most popular languages by comparing and analyzing them. To identify the main features, it is necessary to consider their data structures, as well as the application scope. The authors also aim to analyze and compare examples from various fields of language application using metrics of the program texts complexity. Methodology. The five most popular specialized functional languages are selected: Erlang, Lisp, F #, Scala and Haskel. An overview of the official documentation was conducted to obtain information on the capabilities of each language; their data structures and the application scope were studied. The experimental research base is formed from texts of the existing open source software systems and matched by similar applications and equal volume of text. Comparative analysis of sample programs is performed using Halsted metrics, which are calculated using specially designed software. The analysis of the received quality assessments is done graphically. Findings. Software has been developed to obtain Halsted metrics for program input texts in functional programming languages such as Erlang, Lisp, F # and Scala. The complexity of the Haskel programming language syntax did not allow the use of metrics to evaluate the text, so only a documentation review was performed. Benchmarking shows the differences between languages and outlines their use. The examples of different volumes from such areas of application as system programming tasks, graphing, mathematical calculations, AI systems, web programming, etc. were compared. Originality. The authors first conducted a comparative analysis of specialized languages using text complexity metrics, which made it possible to establish that Lisp has the smallest vocabulary and code length, Scala text has the most structured form, and F # and Erlang are marked with extra verbosity. Practical value. The findings and measurements will help in selecting the most effective functional programming language for solving specific problems, taking into account differences in applications. The developed software allows making measurements for various program texts when developing and maintaining complex software systems.

We have solved the problem of constructing a fully automatic online program specializer for an untyped functional language (specifically, the functional subset of Scheme). We designed our specializer, called Fuse, as an interpreter that returns a trace of suspended computations. The trace is represented as a graph, rather than as program text, and each suspended computation indicates the type of its result. A separate process translates the graph into a particular programming language. Producing graphs rather than program text solves problems with code duplication and premature reduce/residualize decisions. Fuse's termination strategy, which employs online generalization, specializes conditional recursive function calls, and unfolds all other calls. This strategy is shown to be both powerful and safe.

This is a descriptive case study investigating the use of two computer-based programming environments (CPEs), MicroWorlds™ Logo (MW) and Stagecast Creator™ (SC) for collaborative scientific modeling. The purpose of the study was to investigate and comparatively describe student approaches to scientific modeling through the use of textual or graphical program languages (PL). I analyzed student activities and conversations in two after-school clubs, one working with MW and the other with SC, using contextual inquiry, analysis of student conversation and artifact analysis. The findings suggest that student work with CPEs differed between different PL. Students used SC to create games (focusing on the overall story) whereas MW students used MW through a frame of formal programming. Programming in SC was much easier than MW, whereas reading code in MW was more tangible. Findings suggest that differences in student approaches to scientific modeling through programming need to be considered by educators seeking to engage students in such activities and software developers seeking to develop CPEs for young learners.

Financial assistance information system is a crucial data processing activity within the Aceh Department of Finance, aimed at obtaining well-directed and easily accessible information regarding financial assistance reports. This research focuses on the design of the Financial Assistance Information System within the Aceh Department of Finance, utilizing the CodeIgniter framework along with programming languages such as HTML, PHP, CSS, JSON, AJAX, and MySQL as the supporting database. The purpose of this study is to understand and design the Financial Assistance Information System within the Aceh Department of Finance using the CodeIgniter framework and programming languages like HTML, PHP, CSS, JSON, AJAX, and MySQL as the supporting database. Data collection for this report was obtained through two methods: literature review involving relevant library books and other scholarly works, and field study involving interviews and direct observations related to this research. The financial assistance information system is administered by a finance department administrative staff responsible for recording and inputting financial assistance report data. The research findings conclude that the Financial Assistance Information System at the Aceh Department of Finance adheres to procedures, employing the CodeIgniter framework and programming languages such as HTML, PHP, CSS, JSON, AJAX, and MySQL as the supporting database.

Weaver, E.G., SPE-AIME, Exxon Co., U.S.A. Effective equipment surveillance is an important consideration in today's production operations. The equipment surveillance programs described here provide for maintenance scheduling and programs described here provide for maintenance scheduling and failure reporting for all types of production operations. By avoiding complex forms and programming, this approach results in usable programs and an effective surveillance system. Introduction The application of computer programs to monitor and evaluate equipment performance has increased within the oil industry during recent years. These programs have offered many advantages in accumulating equipment information for evaluation. However, the programs generally evolved into more sophisticated ones that, because of their complexity, were not easy to use. Earlier efforts in Exxon Co., U.S.A. to use computer programs for equipment evaluation also resulted in programs for equipment evaluation also resulted in specialized and complex programs. Because of these factors and because experienced programmers were required to fully utilize the programs, the use of the programs was not uniform within the company. programs was not uniform within the company. Recognizing that no systematic, company-wide, equipment surveillance method was available, Exxon's production management approved, during 1972, the production management approved, during 1972, the development of computer programs to fill this need. The goal of the system was to create a useful and generalized set of programs that could be used by nonprogrammers for a variety of applications. This paper discusses Exxon's approach to computerized paper discusses Exxon's approach to computerized equipment surveillance and reviews the programs and their application, status, and benefits. The operating-area terminology used in this paper, in order of descending responsibility, is headquarters, division, district, and field. All offices, with the exception of field locations, have the usual staffs of engineers, geologists, and accountants. The Southeastern Div, is used as an example in several sections to better define specific methods, times, and benefits that occurred during the implementation of the equipment surveillance programs. programs. System Requirements The primary task in designing an equipment surveillance system was to develop failure reporting and maintenance scheduling programs. General requirements for the programs included company-wide adaptability for all programs included company-wide adaptability for all types of production operations, use of common code tables and categories for both programs, and use of the same programming language with flexible reporting capabilities. programming language with flexible reporting capabilities. Specific guidelines for program development were the following. 1. A simplified system that could be used remotely by persons without computer experience. 2. A system in which manual data handling was held to a minimum. 3. A comprehensive, yet basic, method to input field information into the computer programs. 4. A system with the flexibility to furnish specialized reports in a variety of formats. 5. A reporting system in English so that an understanding of codes or the system was not essential to read and use the reports. A commercial File Management System met these guidelines and was used in the development of the equipment surveillance programs. programs. Surveillance Programs File Management The primary concept of the File Management System is the ability to manipulate files of data and the capability to allow nonprogrammers to fully utilize the system. JPT p. 511

Translation between programming languages and natural languages is an important solution to improve the understanding of coding in informatics students who often have difficulty understanding the syntax rules of programming languages. This research develops a translator application that is integrated with OCR technology and uses GPT Chat API to automatically translate text. This application supports seven programming languages (Python, Kotlin, CSS, Dart, HTML, Javascript, and Java) and two natural languages (Indonesian and English). This research uses the Waterfall software development method, starting from requirements analysis, system design, implementation, to testing using the blackbox method. The results show that this application can help users understand coding more effectively and efficiently through translation features, interactive quizzes, and user activity history. Thus, this application has the potential to be an innovative learning media that improves the programming skills of informatics students.