The study of intelligent analysis technology for command information systems based Petri net

Objective: the purpose of the entire work is to help system analysts involved in assessing the quality of information sys tems (IS) operation during their creation, operation, modernization, development, to form the appearance of a comprehensive probabilistic prediction methodology applicable in the interests of ensuring quality and safety, justifying acceptable risks, identifying significant threats and supporting the adoption of scientifically rational system decisions to proactively counter threats in IS life cycle. The purpose of the 3rd part of the work is to complete the detailing of the general methodological provisions on the probabilistic prediction of the quality of IS operation quality (taking into account the enlarged description of the approach in the 1st part of the article [1] and the presentation of the basics of detailing modeling using «black boxes» in the 2nd part of the article [2]) by proposing: • the formalization of complex modeled systems consisting of parallel-sequential structures formed from «black boxes» and combined using logical connections «AND», «OR»; • the methods of system analysis of the IS operation quality; • the main components of the appearance of a comprehensive methodology for the probabilistic predicting IS operation quality, used by system analysts in the interests of ensuring quality and safety, justifying acceptable risks, identifying significant threats and supporting the adoption of scientifically based system decisions to proactively counter threats in the life cycle of specific IS. Research methods include: methods of probability theory, methods of system analysis. The modeled system is formally represented by «black boxes» and complex systems in the form of parallel-sequential structures formed from «black boxes» combined using logical connections «AND», «OR». The obtained results of mathematical modeling are used in the interpretation of the original IS, in the interests of which the corresponding calculations are carried out. The result of the work as a whole is: based on the research results presented in [1, 2], methodological provisions have been created that form the main components of the appearance of a complex methodology for probabilistic prediction of IS operation quality in accordance with GOST R 59341-2021 «System engineering. Protection of information in system information management process». The use of the proposed methodological provisions is intended to help system analysts form the appearance of a versatile complex methodology of probabilistic prediction, applicable in the interests of ensuring quality and safety, justifying acceptable risks, identifying significant threats and supporting the adoption of scientifically sound system decisions to proactively counter threats in the life cycle of specific IS. Scientific novelty of the work: with the widespread introduction of modern information technology tools and systems, the problems associated with a comprehensive study of the IS operation quality remain acutely relevant. Despite the fact that many system engineering standards have appeared that recommend the use of probabilistic system analysis for various types of systems, in practice, the formation of a set of techniques applicable to predicting quality measures, justifying acceptable risks, identifying significant threats and supporting the adoption of scientifically sound system decisions in IS life cycle causes practical difficulties for system analysts. These difficulties and the use of subjective assessments are related not only to the versatility of the very concept of IS operation quality, but also to the complexity of mathematical formalization, taking into account the specifics of each system. As a result, many important aspects are beyond the analyst's field of consideration, specific quality measures turn out to be incommensurable on a single quantitative scale, and the inverse analytical tasks of proactive threat management in IS life cycle and constituent elements are not solved. I.e., in practice, there is a contradiction between the needs for system analysis of IS and the possibilities for solving urgent problems of system analysis. To overcome this contradiction, the proposed methodological provisions formulate the general purpose of IS operation in various areas applications – to ensure the reliability and timeliness of providing the necessary information, completeness, validity and safety of the information used for subsequent intended use. The main proposed components of the complex methodology of probabilistic prediction of IS operation quality have determined the scientific novelty of this work, focused precisely on achieving this general formulated goal of IS operation.

A set of non-negative integral vectors is said to be right-closed if the presence of a vector in the set implies all term-wise larger vectors also belong to the set. A set of markings is control invariant with respect to a Petri Net (PN) structure if the firing of any uncontrollable transition at any marking in this set results in a new marking that is also in the set. Every right-closed set of markings has a unique supremal control invariant subset, which is the largest subset that is control invariant with respect to the PN structure. This subset is not necessarily right-closed. In this paper, we present an algorithm that computes the supremal right-closed control invariant subset of a right-closed of markings with respect to an arbitrary PN structure. This set plays a critical role in the synthesis of Liveness Enforcing Supervisory Policies (LESPs) for a class of PN structures, and consequently, the proposed algorithm plays a key role in the synthesis of LESPs for this class of PN structures.

The authors propose evolutionary Petri net consisting of units in order to obtain a structural model of team medical care automatically. The number of medical staffs is not sufficient in aged societies, so the work efficiency must be improved. The authors conceive that a Petri net can be used to express cooperative operation; therefore, the structure of a Petri net might assist in understanding the whole team medical care in hospitals and facilities. Evolutionary Petri net is a method to create the best structure of a Petri net that expresses a target workflow well and evolves the genes of individuals correspond to Petri nets. In the previous work, the authors represented each gene as a combination of nodes. However, the representation frequently generated worthless individuals that do not have a Petri net structure. In this work, the authors represent each gene as a combination of units that consist of two types of nodes. Additionally, the authors propose a new method to separately calculate the fitness value on the Petri net structure and that on the unit structures. The authors verified that the total fitness value of the best individual quickly reached the best value by applying genetic operators along with the balance of the two fitness values.

Automated guided vehicles (AGVs) are being extensively used due to their attributions of high efficiency and low costs. To assure their added value, taking a typical AGV transport system as an example, the reliability issues in AGVs are investigated in this paper. First of all, the AGV transport system was mod-elled as a phased mission that comprises a few key phases. Then, the Petri net (PN) method is applied to describe the logic of the whole phase mission and based on this, the reliability of the mission is assessed via Monte-Carlo simulation. In order to validate the reliability assessment result by the PN method, the theoretical reliability of the AGV system is also assessed through performing fault tree analysis (FTA). The comparison indicates that both methods give very similar results. Thus, it can be concluded that apart from FTA, the PNs method is also a reliable tool for AGV system reliability assessment.

The use of shared resources is a major problem occurring in discrete event (DE) systems, including manufacturing systems, computer systems, communication systems, highway/vehicle systems, and others. The issues involve problems of assignment of resources when the same resources are simultaneously requested by more than one job. Failure to suitably assign, or dispatch, resources in such situations can have serious deleterious effects on system performance, resulting in extreme cases in system deadlock [7]. Computer operating systems engineers and industrial engineers have used the concepts of circular wait (CW) and circular blocking in analysis of such phenomena [41, 24]. Various concepts in Petri nets (PN) are extremely useful for dealing with deadlock and a great deal of research has been done from the PN point of view (see references, especially [11, 14, 19]). The PN approaches are often based on the notion of the siphon, which indeed is called a “deadlock” in some works [26]. Unfortunately, it is known that many problems in scheduling, dispatching, and deadlock analysis are NP-hard [12], so that significant increases in computing power do not significantly improve computational ability. Neither PN nor CW approaches have addressed this issue.

This article addresses expressiveness problems for Petri nets and their useful extension for modeling and control of a system that can be modeled with Petri nets. We construct some Petri net modules, namely, an enabling module, an inhibitor module and a Modulo-N counter, which are useful for system operations. We also present the simplifications for the enabling and inhibitor modules. Then, we propose two new types of arcs, namely, enabling and inhibitor arcs, with a weighted function set. The arcs with the weighted function set from places to transitions are the marked arcs. A function set is employed to denote the weight of an arc according to the system requirements. They are very useful to solve the resource reallocation problem in a resource allocation system, where resource sharing contributes to the occurrences of deadlocks. Finally, two examples are used to show the advantages of the presented new types of arcs.

Petri net as a modeling tool

In this paper we introduce a new control policy for a class of nets that appear in the modeling of flexible manufacturing systems. Both the model of the system and its control are established by using Petri nets. The aim of the imposed control as to ensure that no deadlock problem can occur in the controlled system: a deadlock implies that the processing of some parts, once started, cannot be finished. This is a bad property for automated production systems. In the paper we use the structure of the Petri net model in order to characterize and solve the deadlock situations. We also present an experimental comparison between the proposed control policy and others that solve the same problem.

The development of the complex data structures systems requires models that are capable of describing the systems' requirements, design, verification, implementation and testing. This paper shows the development of such systems using Object Enhanced Time Petri Nets (OETPNs) framework. OETPN can model concurrency, reaction to internal and external events, synchronization and temporal behavior with fix and dynamic delays. OETPN keeps the bipartite graph structure of the classical Petri Nets, but the unique kind of tokens in PNs are changed to be any kind of objects to represent the data, or tasks (sub OETPN) that can either be active (i.e. threads of execution) or passive. OETPNs are capable to communicate with each other through input and output channels and to distribute concurrent tasks that are moved through a computer network with a dynamical structure (i.e. Task migration) without the need to stop the execution of the other OETPN. Guards and mappings are used to control the flow of execution in order to model the creation, insertion, modification and extraction of information of complex data structures. The mappings are also used to implement the information transformation and the placement of the resulted information at the output places of the transitions. The types of the places are specified to allow setting of objects or tasks. A new OETPN dynamic structure that is best suited for the server side is introduced. A Java platform that implement such applications is described and a complete system to manage the operations of the data structures is discussed with an example.

Organizations are changing at an ever-faster pace, as they try to keep up with globalization and the information revolution. Unfortunately, information systems technologies do not support system evolution well, making information systems a roadblock to organizational change. We propose to view information systems as social structures and define methodologies which develop and evolve seamlessly an information system within its operational environment. To this end, this paper proposes an ontology for information systems that is inspired by social and organizational structures. The ontology adopts components of the i* organizational modeling framework, which is founded on the notions of actor, goal and social dependency. Social patterns, drawn from research on cooperative and distributed architectures, offer a more macroscopic level of social structure description. Finally, the proposed ontology includes organizational styles inspired from organization theory. These are used not only to model the overall organizational context of an information system, but also its architecture. Social patterns and organizational styles are defined in terms of configurations of i* concepts. The research has been conducted in the context of the Troposproject.

Management are keen to maximize the life span of an information system because of the high cost, organizational disruption, and risk of failure associated with the re‐development or replacement of an information system. This research investigates the effects that various factors have on an information system's life span by understanding how the factors affect an information system's stability. The research builds on a previously developed two‐stage model of information system change whereby an information system is either in a stable state of evolution in which the information system's functionality is evolving, or in a state of revolution, in which the information system is being replaced because it is not providing the functionality expected by its users.A case study surveyed a number of systems within one organization. The aim was to test whether a relationship existed between the base value of the volatility index (a measure of the stability of an information system) and certain system characteristics. Data relating to some 3000 user change requests covering 40 systems over a 10‐year period were obtained. The following factors were hypothesized to have significant associations with the base value of the volatility index: language level (generation of language of construction), system size, system age, and the timing of changes applied to a system. Significant associations were found in the hypothesized directions except that the timing of user changes was not associated with any change in the value of thevolatility index. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

This paper shows how to use the Petri Net with Stacks (PNS-net) to express asynchronous concurrent distributed computing systems (DCS) which are based on the environment of loosely coupled computing systems, and puts forth method to detect types of DCS deadlocks such as Cycle Waiting, Hold and Wait, Exclusive access, etc. Then we can apply the algorithm that this paper narrates which actually changes PNS-net into production rules during the system-designing stages. By designing a diagnosis system for automatic detection of deadlocks in asynchronous concurrent distributed computing systems (ACDCS), the goal of this paper is to develop and approach for reducing the time and cost in the software development.

Our research aims at finding key concepts to link agile enterprises with agile automated information systems. To effectively respond to environmental changes, such as in market needs, technology, regulations or law, enterprises need to be able to change their supporting information system(s) accordingly. The Design and Engineering Methodology for Organizations (DEMO) has already proven to be an effective tool in designing and realizing agile organizations. The Normalized System (NS) approach, on the other hand, has proven to be the key for developing agile Information and Communication Technology (ICT) systems, which support such agile organizations.

The purpose of this research is to analyse the implementation of blockchain technology in improving information system security. The research method used is a literature study by collecting information from various relevant primary and secondary sources. The results of this study show that blockchain technology has strong potential to strengthen information system security through its unique characteristics, such as decentralisation, transparency, and high cryptographic security. While analysing various existing studies, it was found that by implementing blockchain technology in information systems, user satisfaction may increase due to better auditability. However, careful attention is also needed to the weaknesses and challenges associated with blockchain technology, such as scalability, efficiency, and privacy. In conclusion, the use of blockchain technology in information systems can provide significant benefits in improving security. However, comprehensive measures should be taken to address issues and adapt this technology to the specific context and existing regulations.

Technology is an important influence for the progress of a company's information system. This is inseparable from the increasingly sharp competition between banking companies, therefore companies need to apply an information system technology to banks. Information systems in banking aim to provide comfort, convenience and satisfaction to consumers or customers and also for modern information system technology companies capable of improving company operations. The purpose of this study was to find out about the bank information system at PT. SUMUT Bank. The discussion technique used is descriptive method. Data collection techniques were carried out to the library of several scientific books and writings related to the discussions carried out as well as journals related to this thesis. The bank information system at Bank SUMUT is internet banking or what is known as e-Banking. The term e-Banking is making transactions, payments and other transactions via the internet with a bank's website that is equipped with a security system. The advantage of eBanking is that customers do not need to stand in line to make financial transactions. Customers can immediately carry out banking activities at home and anywhere. Apart from that, it also saves time, customers do not need to spend all day just to complete various financial transactions. However, the drawback of this bank information system is that it is prone to burglary. Lost funds often cannot be returned and customers experience losses. Apart from that, there are other disadvantages, namely depending on the internet, it is impossible to carry out e-banking transactions in areas where there is no internet network. It is expected that the internet network speed must also be faster, if the internet network is old then e-Banking will experience transaction failures.
 Keywords: information system, banking