Transceiver Design for MIMO-DFRC Systems

We present a dual-function radar communication (DFRC) system applying signal embedding through a code shift keying (CSK) strategy. The information symbol is phase encoded into a sequence and then modulated by the continuous phase modulation (CPM) before embedding into frequency hopping (FH) radar sub-pulses. The CPM modulated communication symbol phase coded sequence is multiplied with the FH radar waveforms in fast-time and transmitted through multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar platforms. We address the problem of range sidelobe modulation (RSM) and propose the design of the optimum CSK sequences to reduce the degree of change in the range sidelobe levels (RSLs) of the ambiguity function (AF). It is shown that the optimum CSK sequences yield significant reduction in the RSLs of the DFRC system. They also maintain the same degree of correlation between FH sub-pulses regardless of the communication symbol sequences embedded. Additionally, the proposed DFRC system with the optimized waveform design provides good spectrum containment and achieves high communication data rates.

Dual-function radar communication (DFRC) systems can provide ubiquitous communication and sensing services on a unified platform. In environmental and drone monitoring applications, the DFRC system is often expected to monitor the target area while providing communication services. However, traditional DFRC systems are mainly based on multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) arrays, which can only illuminate the whole specific angles, rather than a specific area. To address this, based on frequency diverse array MIMO (FDA-MIMO), this paper proposes an area monitoring and multi-user communication dual-function system. We formulate a weighted optimization problem that jointly considers the integrated mainlobe-to-sidelobe ratio (IMSR) and the communication sum rate. To solve this non-convex problem, a Riemannian manifold alternating optimization (RMAO) algorithm is developed. Specifically, the receive beamformer is derived in closed-form, and the transmit precoder is optimized via Riemannian conjugate gradient method. Numerical results illustrate that the proposed system can realize the angle–range selective area surveillance while providing communication service, which is not available in MIMO-based systems.

We consider a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) dual function radar communication (DFRC) system employing frequency hopping (FH) radar waveforms. The DFRC system embeds communication symbols using code-shift keying (CSK) strategy. Each symbol is represented by a phase modulated pulse code sequence which multiplies the radar hops in fast-time before transmitted from the MIMO radar platform. This strategy allows for reduced clutter modulation caused by changed radar waveforms within coherent processing interval (CPI). We analyze the effect of this communication symbol embedding scheme on range sildelobe levels (RSLs) and derive the DFRC probability of target detection. We show that the DFRC waveforms enhances target visibility leading to improved target detection compared with the FH radar without signal embedding.

We consider a dual-function radar communication (DFRC) system employing frequency hopping (FH) radar waveforms. Each communication symbol is represented by a phase-modulated pulse sequence that multiplies the radar hops in fast-time and transmitted from a multiple-input multiple-output radar platform. In this respect, the DFRC system considered follows the code-shift keying (CSK) signal embedding strategy. The phase modulations include phase-shift keying (PSK), derivative PSK, and continuous phase modulation. The CSK pulse sequences and the FH code are jointly designed to reduce range sidelobe levels (RSLs) and combat range sidelobes modulation. It is shown that the joint optimization using the genetic algorithm yields desired CSK sequences and FH code matrix with less computational complexity compared to the exhaustive search algorithm. The power spectral density and detection performance of various DFRC systems are analyzed, underscoring the tradeoff between RSLs and spectral sidelobe levels. The proposed DFRC system with optimum phase sequences and hopping code achieves high data communication rates by permitting frequencies to be reused in the radar hops.

Dual-function radar-communication (DFRC) system has recently been proposed to enable the co-design of radar and wireless communications, which in turn alleviates the increased spectrum congestion crisis. DFRC system exploits the transmit beamforming technique and waveform diversity, the combination of which enables the system to embed information in radar emission. In this paper, directional modulation (DM) based on dual-function radar communication system is proposed. To achieve the security of information transmission, a beam weight vector set is established. The reference beam weight vector is initially designed and the remaining weight vectors are derived from it, by minimizing the differences between them. The transmitting beams shaped by the designed weight vectors are almost the same in radar main lobe, but differ in the amplitudes and phases towards the direction of intended communication receivers. The communication receivers decode the data based on its radiated beam. The proposed communication process is secure against intercept from directions other than the pre-assigned communication directions. Simulation results are provided for performance evaluation and to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.

Application of LFM-CPM signal into a DFRC system based on circulating code array

A dual-function MIMO radar-communication system via waveform permutation

This paper studies the coordinated beamforming design problem for the multiple-input single-output (MISO) interference channel, assuming only channel distribution information (CDI) at the transmitters. Under a given requirement on the rate outage probability for receivers, we aim to maximize the system utility (e.g., the weighted sum rate, weighted geometric mean rate, and the weighed harmonic mean rate) subject to the rate outage constraints and individual power constraints. The outage constraints, however, lead to a complicated, nonconvex structure for the considered beamforming design problem and make the optimization problem difficult to handle. {Although} this nonconvex optimization problem can be solved in an exhaustive search manner, this brute-force approach is only feasible when the number of transmitter-receiver pairs is small. For a system with a large number of transmitter-receiver pairs, computationally efficient alternatives are necessary. The focus of this paper is hence on the design of such efficient approximation methods. In particular, by employing semidefinite relaxation (SDR) and first-order approximation techniques, we propose an efficient successive convex approximation (SCA) algorithm that provides high-quality approximate beamforming solutions via solving a sequence of convex approximation problems. The solution thus obtained is further shown to be a stationary point for the SDR of the original outage constrained beamforming design problem. {Furthermore}, we propose a distributed SCA algorithm where each transmitter optimizes its own beamformer using local CDI and information obtained from limited message exchange with the other transmitters. Our simulation results demonstrate that the proposed SCA algorithm and its distributed counterpart indeed converge, and near-optimal performance can be achieved for all the considered system utilities.

Transmission of the multimedia video streaming has been an important topic in wireless communications. As a metric of video quality at the application layer, peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) is affected by the capacity at the physical layer which can be improved by power controlling and precoding. This paper investigates an optimal power allocation scheme which can maximize the sum PSNR of all users in an SLNR-precoding-based multiuser multiple input single output (MISO) system. The power allocation problem can be transformed into a convex optimization problem when the system works in the high signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR) region. Performance of the proposed power allocation scheme is evaluated through computer simulation. Results show that, when the system works in the high SINR region, performance improvement in terms of sum PSNR through power allocation is neglectable while the effects of different precoding schemes on the sum PSNR performance are obvious.

In this paper, we investigate the problem of robust beamforming for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) dual-function radar-communication (DFRC) system, when there exist radar look direction mismatch and communication channel state information (CSI) error. To address these system imperfections, a region-of-interest (ROI) rather than a specific angle is considered for radar sensing, and the communication CSI is assumed to be available with a bounded unknown error. With these considerations, we design a robust dual-function beamformer through optimizing the radar sensing performance in terms of the energy radiated towards the ROI, while guaranteeing the communication quality-of-service (QoS) measured by the per-user signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) as required. For this robust design, a max-min optimization problem is formulated and a semidefinite programming (SDP) reformulation based on the S-procedure is presented. The popular semidefinite relaxation (SDR) technique is employed to solve the resulting non-convex problem, and the tightness of SDR is discussed. Further, we propose to incorporate an extra constraint of main beam control into the problem to achieve a flat magnitude response of the beampattern over the ROI. In addition, it is shown that the proposed approach is straightforwardly applicable to the scenario of multiple targets. Numerical examples are carried out to show the tightness, and demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed MIMO-DFRC beamforming approach.

Optimization algorithms for transmit waveform design in radar-centric dual-function radar-communication systems

In this paper, the problem of reducing the peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) of a discrete Fourier transform-spread orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing signal is considered for the transmission of constellation-rotated QPSK symbols. In particular, a joint optimization of the constellation-rotation angle and the pulse-shaping vector is conducted, where the number of allocated subcarriers is larger than the number of QPSK symbols. To avoid the exponential complexity required to evaluate the exact PAPR, a computationally efficient upper bound on the worst-case PAPR is presented and adopted as the objective function. The signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) at the output of a constellation-derotating matched filter is also presented. Then, joint optimizations are conducted through numerical search for various target SINRs. Surprisingly, the optimal rotation angle is close to but not exactly equal to π/4. Numerical results show that the proposed technique is not only applicable to QPSK symbols but also to QAM symbols to significantly reduce the PAPR.

In this paper, the problem of further reducing the peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) of a discrete Fourier transform-spread orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing signal is considered for the transmission of $\pi/2$ -BPSK symbols in the 5G New Radio specifications. In particular, a joint optimization of the constellation-rotation angle and the pulse-shaping vector is conducted. To avoid the exponential complexity required to evaluate the PAPR, a computationally efficient upper bound on the worst-case PAPR is presented and adopted as the objective function. The signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) at the output of a constellation-derotating matched filter is also presented. Then, joint optimizations are conducted through numerical search for various target SINRs. Surprisingly, the optimal rotation angle is close to but not exactly equal to $\pi/2$ . It is shown that the proposed combinations significantly outperform the existing combinations of the rotation angle and the shaping vector when the signal is amplified by a nonlinear PA.

To reduce the system complexity, cost, and overall processing time, the adoption of joint source-channel coding (JSCC) has been found to be popular. Among several options, universal filtered multi-carrier (UFMC) is regarded as the dominant contender and alternative to orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) for upcoming wireless mobile communication networks. UFMC provides increased spectral efficiency, less peak to average power ratio (PAPR), and lower bit error rate (BER) with the removal of the cyclic prefix (CP) and grouping of subcarriers. Multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) technology is known to improve the capacity and throughput significantly of wireless systems. In this paper, the authors analyze the performance of UFMC techniques with Kaiser filter and Dolph-Chebyshev filter combined with JSCC in 32x32 large MIMO set-up, which provides better PAPR, power spectral density (PSD), less BER with increased channel capacity. The experimental aspects have been discussed and the results are derived using simulation mimicking near real-life situations.

In this practical world, MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) system with OFDM technology plays a competent role in wireless transmission. It will transmit high speed data in delay scattering surroundings through multicarrier modulation that reduces multipath attenuation, in order that the spectral efficiency of the complete system is exaggerated. It realize its manner in digital acoustic and video broadcasting and fourth generation cellular systems. The obstacle during this approach is high peak to average power ratio (PAPR) that thunderous disturbs the quality of power amplifiers. There are unit varied modes to attenuate PAPR. In this survey, we tend to space unit close to switch views regarding selective mapping (SLM), clipping & filtering and partial transmits sequence (PTS) techniques to minimize the results of PAPR. In this paper we are exchanging our views about flexible peak power cancellation for reducing PAPR to a great extent.