Transient Analysis of Distributed Generation AC Microgrid using ETAP

This paper presents the analyses a real-time 10.765-MVA distribution network in Kayathar in Tuticorin district in the state of Tamilnadu, India. Recently the wind energy is the fastest increasing and most gifted renewable energy sources, among them because it is voluminous, cheap, inexhaustible, widely distributed, clean and climate benign. Renewable energy sources like wind and solar power to make a Distributed Generation (DG). The major problem nowadays in Power sector is losses within the distribution network. The Load Flow Analysis (LFA) and Short Circuit Analysis (SCA) is that the more efficient tool to see the performance of electric power network. Simulations are performed with Static Var Compensator (SVC) FACTS device to calculate the 3 cases to study the impact of wind in three totally different eventualities of macro level by exploitation of an Electrical Transient Analysis Program (ETAP) software.

Power System study and analyses are important parts of power system engineering. This innovative concept deals with a 132 kV Grid simulation in Electrical Transient Analyzer Program (ETAP). Existing power distribution system in Pakistan consists of approximately 6000 11 kV feeders, which are mainly analyzed by software FDR-ANA (Feeder Analyses). This software does not have capability to provide comprehensive analyses for integrated power system which is essential. This research paper focused on the detailed analyses and monitoring by using the most modern software ETAP, which performs numerical calculations of large integrated power system with fabulous speed besides, generating output reports. In a developing country like Pakistan it is first time that Off-line monitoring is made which includes current flowing in every branch, power factor, active and reactive power flow, harmonic distortion etc. of large power system. Based upon the recorded data obtained from an actual 132 kV grid which has been implemented in ETAP for Off-line monitoring and analyses.

Significant equipment like electric arc furnaces (EAFs) and ladle refining furnaces (LRFs) are among the highly dynamic and nonlinear electrical loads found in steel production facilities like Surana Industry. Reactive power imbalance, harmonic distortion, and voltage instability are just a few of the significant power quality issues caused by these complex loads. Because of this, accurate modeling and thorough analysis of these complex power systems are essential to ensuring operational dependability and maintaining power quality. The current literature tends to emphasize mostly steady-state conditions that are frequently not verified empirically with respect to actual operating data, despite the fact that the Electrical Transient Analyzer Program (ETAP) is a common tool used for load flow analysis in industry applications. With an emphasis on accurately simulating the real system behavior under various operating regimes, this paper provides a thorough power flow analysis of the Surana Steel Industry using ETAP. Two 100 MVA, 220/110 kV transformers step down the 110 kV supply that powers the plant, which is drawn from the Chikkasagur substation. The primary loads—a 35-ton rolling mill, a 4 MW EAF, and an LRF are supplemented with a captive power generation system and a harmonic filter to improve power quality and reliability. Under five different operating conditions with different load levels and generator configurations, key performance metrics such as voltage regulation, reactive power flow, harmonic suppression, and generator dynamic response are thoroughly assessed. The power system of the Surana Steel Industry is accurately simulated by the analytical method employed here. Even though a real-time comparison with SCADA data was not attempted, the ETAP model was painstakingly built with detailed equipment specs, typical operating conditions, and performance patterns actually observed at the facility. Accurate simulation of industrial environments, including the complex, unbalanced, and nonlinear loads present in steel mills, was made possible by this all-encompassing approach. Thus, this study shows that when appropriately configured and backed by extensive empirical data, ETAP has a considerable ability to accurately model these difficult environments. These results offer practical information that can be used right away for large-scale industrial power system planning, assessment, and enhancement.

Electrical power is harnessed using several energy sources, including coal, hydel, nuclear, solar, and wind. Generated power is needed to be transferred over long distances to support load requirements of customers, viz., residential, industrial, and commercial. This necessitates proper design and analysis of power systems to efficiently control the power flow from one point to the other without delay, disturbance, or interference. Ideal for utility and power system design professionals and students, this book is richly illustrated with MATLAB® and Electrical Transient Analysis Program (ETAP®) to succinctly illustrate concepts throughout, and includes examples, case studies, and problems. Features Illustrated throughout with MATLAB and ETAP Proper use of positive/negative/zero sequence analysis of a given one-line diagram (OLD) associated with a grid, as well as finger-holding instructions to tackle a power system analysis (PSA) problem for a given OLD of a grid On-line evaluation of power flow, short-circuit analysis, and related PSA for a given OLD Appropriately learn the finer nuances of designing the several components of a PSA, including transmission lines, transformers, generators/motors, and illustrate the corresponding equivalent circuit Case studies from utilities and independent system operators


 This paper deals with a load flow simulation of existing Dhaka Grid Circle of Bangladesh National Grid by using Power System Analysis Toolbox (PSAT) which is a free and open source software of MATLAB Simulink and Electrical Transient and Analysis Program (ETAP) software designed for simulation, operation, and automation of generation, distribution, and industrial power systems. All the data used to simulate were collected from Power Grid Company of Bangladesh (PGCB) and Load flow analysis was carried out using Newton Raphson method and simulated results were compared with PGCB Base Case Data. The network we are considering to simulate has 71 buses (400, 230 and 132 kV), 135 interconnecting lines, 32 generators, 47 loads and only 4 shunt capacitors as per the Dhaka grid circle system. Regarding the maximum demand of the load centers, total 5,525 MW load is connected in this system and the average grid generation in September, 2018 was 10,919.57 MW, though only 5988 MW of the total generation is enlisted in the Dhaka grid circle.

Electricity is important in our life. The majority of electricity are generated by using fossil fuel. There are various drawbacks linked with the use of fossil fuel such as emission of greenhouse gases which pollute the environment. Among all renewable energy systems, the solar photovoltaic (PV) system has remarkable results to overcomes these problems due to its availability, cheap and environment friendly. In this paper, 300 MW photovoltaic power system is designed and modeled on Electrical Transient Analysis Program (ETAP). The proposed system consists of 4 strings of photovoltaic arrays and each string of PV array is made up of 27 series connected panels and 9000 parallel connected panels. ETAP is used to perform power flow analysis and harmonic distortion analysis. Also, single-tuned passive filters are designed to reduce the effects of harmonics.

Unsymmetrical short-circuit analysis for distribution system considering loads

In a power system, load varies from one hour to another, reactive power varies accordingly which results into unacceptable voltage variation. This affects the performance of load and other parameters like power loss and power factor. This paper deals with Simulation of 132 / 11 kV Distribution Sub Station using SVC for voltage enhancement. Load Flow is carried out, considering balanced system during peak load condition, with the voltage enhancement is the main objective. Other objectives of the paper are the reduction in power loss and improvement in power factor. Simulation is developed in Electrical Transient Analyzer Program (ETAP) environment and recorded parameters are compared with Simulation results.

Before a new power customer is connected into the power grid, it is an important task to assess the possible impact of this new load on the power quality. This paper proposes a method to analyze the voltage fluctuations and harmonics for the characteristics of many types and quantities of internal frequency conversion equipment and motors in the power consumer. First, the principles and methods for model establishment of voltage fluctuation analysis and harmonic analysis are introduced. Then, according to the actual operation of the loads, the simulation model is established in ETAP (Electrical Transient Analysis Program). The voltage fluctuation and the harmonics injected into the power grid caused by the operation of loads are obtained through simulation. Since the phenomenon that the harmonics exceed the standard in the extreme operating condition, this paper gives reasonable control measures based on the actual condition of the load, the simulation results and the allowable values prescribed by national standards.

The conventional relay protection setting calculation method considers the internal interference of the transformer and obtains the setting value quickly, which leads to large harmonic interference of the transformer and affects the secondary setting calculation results. Therefore, the setting calculation method of the power transformer relay protection based on the Electrical Transient Analysis Program (ETAP) is designed. The harmonic transfer characteristics of the power transformer are extracted, and the harmonic interference of the power transformer is proposed. Then the ETAP software is adopted to establish the calculation principle of the power transformer relay protection setting and improve the calculation accuracy of the secondary setting. Through comparative experiments, it is verified that the second fixed value of the algorithm is close to the actual fixed value and can be applied to real life.

Electric Vehicle (EV) charging infrastructure will be deployed extensively in the near future. This will be as a consequence of the policies approved by the governments of many countries including the UK. The rise in the mass production of EVs and the associated increase in consumer demand significantly exacerbate the problems associated with the operation and management of future electric power networks. The 11/0.433kV local substations that will be used to transform voltage levels and supply the demand from consumers are the most affected, requiring reinforcement where substations are close to their firm capacities. In this paper an 11kV power distribution network is modelled using the power system analysis software Electrical Transient Analyzer Program (ETAP). The peak load values over a year are evaluated under four different Electric Vehicle (EV) penetration levels and three different charging types (slow, fast and rapid) at all twenty substations on site. Transformer loading at twenty substations is carefully observed in all simulations under different scenarios to evaluate the total number of EVs the site can accommodate. Initially ETAP 12.0.0 is employed to conduct power flow analysis and study the existing network conditions and later the voltage variations, real and reactive power changes in the system due to the uptake of EVs. The existing network data as required for the research and as presented in this paper has been obtained in collaboration with distribution network operator (DNO) Scottish and Southern Energy (SSE).

Distributed Generator (DG) is a small-capacity power plant located within the electrical distribution system and is usually placed on buses directly connected to the load. The placement of distributed generators is a technical effort to reduce voltage drops and power losses in the system. Additionally, Power flow analysis is conducted to plan and determine the power levels within an electrical power system. The results in terms of power losses after adding a DG were achieved in the fifth experiment on bus 149, where the system's total active power loss (P) decreased from 720.822 kW to 682.939 kW, and the total reactive power loss (Q) decreased from 530.02 kVar to 405.835 kVar. These results were obtained from power flow calculations using Electrical Transient Analyzer Program (ETAP) software.Therefore, it can be concluded that the electrical network system is operating efficiently. The results show that the more wind turbine generators are added to the buses, the more the voltage drop is reduced. After simulation, the overall voltage drops still meet the standards according to the text report in ETAP.

Biogas from liquid waste from palm oil processing, palm oil mill effluent (POME), can be utilized in biogas power plants as a source of renewable energy (PLTBg). The PLTBg electrical system is equipped with a coordinated protection system. Then, the protection system must also maintain the continuity of electrical service in parts that are not affected by disturbances. Coordination of the protection system is essential. In this research, the electrical transient analysis program (ETAP) carries out the short circuit current analysis, and the coordination of overcurrent protection is constructed from its inverse-definite minimum time characteristics. The analyzed data contributed to selecting the right protection devices. A combination of overcurrent protection, directional protection, and frequency protection change rate supported a reliable electrical power system for a biogas power generation plant as distributed generation. The result shows that modern microprocessor-based protection relays support several protection features in one device and can be integrated into a supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA)-controlled protection system to enhance their capabilities.

In this work, a method of optimal relay coordination for improving system reliability has been presented in association with the Wind Energy Conversion System (WECS). The graphical method as well as changes in Plug Setting Multiplier (PSM) and Time Dial Setting (TDS) have been used to test the system’s reliability with the help of ETAP. Load flow analysis, short circuit testing under different fault conditions, reliability assessment, and relay coordination have been performed on the proposed WECS. In this research work, a test system with relay coordination is proposed that is used for transformer protection using over-current relays (OCR) and ground-fault relays (GFR) devices with a wind energy induction generator. It is shown that coordination is off when WECS is added to the system. Therefore, maximum values of the circuit breaker’s trip device setting, the relay’s pickup, and the time dial settings are desirable to increase the coordination. Further, it has been revealed that the comprehensive analysis of load flow analysis, short circuit analysis, and reliability assessment play vital roles in achieving suitable relay coordination. Also, the use of ETAP software in this analysis improves the accuracy and speed of the circuit breaker operation at a reduced cost.

The problem, as described by this paper mill, is the desire to retire an inefficient condensing steam turbine generator for economic reasons and purchase additional power from the utility. The condensing unit, along with a modern extraction steam turbine generator and two utility ties, presently supply power to this three-bus medium voltage system via sync bus and reactor ties. A power system study commenced to determine the impact of the proposed change on the existing paper mill electrical distribution system as well as the existing utility ties. This paper describes the results of the analytical methods employed: power quality measurements, load flow analysis, short circuit analysis and transient stability simulations. Recommendations included alternatives to accommodate retirement of the condensing steam turbine generator, most significantly, the installation of a new power transformer as a third utility tie and the application of reactive compensation as filters at the three medium voltage busses.