Transport in Suburbia

This study examines how far the level of knowledge on a new public transport mode in Lebanon might affect mode choice. Indeed, passenger mode choice is a major issue associated with the effectiveness of new transport projects, as their level of effectiveness and feasibility will depend on the number of new adopters. This investigation is performed by developing mode choice models based on data collected via a questionnaire-based survey. The models were used to compare preferences among private cars, current public transport modes and a newly proposed Bus Rapid Transit system. The driving factors are divided into two categories: economic and psychological. The results reveal that explicit evaluations of several factors on the proposed transport modes yields mode choices different from direct evaluation. Besides, the structure of the utility function reveals that economic driving factors prevail over the psychological aspects, which is the opposite of what is observed with direct mode assessment. Moreover, people’s expectations of the proposed Bus Rapid Transit were significantly positive in terms of usability in addition to operational and economic reliability. This study shows that people’s level of knowledge of previous transport modes and their perceptual expectations of new travel modes must be taken into consideration in the feasibility studies of any transport implementations in the developing countries where the public transport services are discouraged.

Prelims

BackgroundActive transportation is a crucial sort of physical activity for developing sustainable environments and provides essential health benefits. This is particularly important in Latin American countries because they present the highest burden of non-communicable diseases relative to other worldwide regions. This study aimed to examine the patterns of active transportation and its association with sociodemographic inequities in Latin American countries.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted in eight countries. Participants (n = 8547, 18–65 years) self-reported their active transportation (walking, cycling, and total) using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Sex, age, ethnicity, socioeconomic level, education level, public and private transport use, and transport mode were used as sociodemographic inequities.ResultsParticipants spent a total of 19.9, 3.1, and 23.3 min/day with walking, cycling, and total active transportation, respectively. Mixed and other ethnicity (Asian, Indigenous, Gypsy, and other), high socioeconomic level as well as middle and high education level presented higher walking than Caucasian, low socioeconomic and education level. Private transport mode and use of ≥ 6 days/week of private transport showed lower walking than public transport mode and ≤ 2 days/week of private transport. Use of ≥ 3 days/week of public transport use presented higher walking than ≤ 2 days/week of public transport. Men had higher cycling for active transportation than women. Use of ≥ 3 days/week of public transport use presented higher cycling than ≤ 2 days/week of public transport. ≥6 days/week showed lower cycling than ≤ 2 days/week of private transport use. Men (b: 5.57: 95 %CI: 3.89;7.26), black (3.77: 0.23;7.31), mixed (3.20: 1.39;5.00) and other ethnicity (7.30: 2.55;12.04), had higher total active transportation than women and Caucasian. Private transport mode (-7.03: -11.65;-2.41) and ≥ 6 days/week of private transport use (-4.80: -6.91;-0.31) showed lower total active transportation than public transport mode and ≤ 2 days/week of private transport use. Use of 3–5 (5.10: 1.35;8.85) and ≥ 6 days/week (8.90: 3.07;14.73) of public transport use presented higher total active transportation than ≤ 2 days/week of public transport use. Differences among countries were observed.ConclusionsSociodemographic inequities are associated differently with active transportation across Latin American countries. Interventions and policies that target the promotion of active policies transportation essential to consider sociodemographic inequities.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.Gov NCT02226627. Retrospectively registered on August 27, 2014.

Intermodal Passengers Terminals: Design Standards for Better Level of Service

The energy consumption and emissions in the urban transportation are influenced not only by technical efficiency in the mobility operations but also by the citizens’ mobility behaviors including mode choices and modal shift among sustainable and unsustainable mobility modes. Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) can play an important role in the mobility behaviors of citizens, and it is necessary to study whether ICTs support sustainable mode choices like public transport and nonmotorized modes, which increase the total energy efficiency in the urban mobility and reduce traffic congestion and related emissions. This paper focuses on the two most popular ICT services in the urban transport, which are ATIS (Advanced Traveler Information Systems), and ridesourcing services. This study used the New York Citywide Mobility Survey (CMS) findings with a sample of 3346 participants. The associations between using these two ICT services and the mobility behaviors (mode choice with ATIS and modal shift to ridesourcing) are analyzed through a multinomial logistic regression and descriptive statistics, and the results are compared with similar international studies. The findings indicate that the respondents who use ATIS apps more frequently are more likely to use rail modes, bicycles, bus/shuttles, and rental/car sharing than private cars for their work trips. Moreover, the findings of the modal shift to ridesourcing indicate that the most replaced mobility modes by ridesourcing services are public transport (including rail modes and buses), taxis, and private cars, respectively.

Tulehu Port, located on Ambon Island, is the main route of the maritime transportation system for entering and exiting Ambon Island and its surrounding islands. This port plays an important role in the transportation of passengers and goods. High activity levels and long journeys to the port make many passengers choose private transportation over public transport, which is lacking in both quality and quantity. The purpose of this research is to identify the factors, percentage values of the criteria, and to determine the probability values of the selection of public transportation and private transportation modes at Tulehu Port. The choice of transportation mode plays a crucial role in transportation planning at Tulehu Port to understand the community's preferences for the chosen transportation modes. For this, a binary logit model method based on multiple linear regression analysis was used. The analysis results show that the factors of time, cost, comfort, and safety have a significant impact, with a significance value of <0.05. The mode selection variables for urban transport and private transport indicate that the time variable to Tulehu Port is 0.322, while for the mode selection from Tulehu Port, the comfort variable is 0.280. Meanwhile, the reasons respondents use urban transport to and from Tulehu Port are cost at 56% and 61%, while for private transport respondents to and from Tulehu Port, the reasons are comfort at 44% and speed at 58%. In terms of the probability of mode selection at Tulehu Port based on movement, for the route to Tulehu Port (Ambon – Tulehu), the chance of choosing urban transport is 42%, and for private transport, it is 58%. For the movement from Tulehu Port (Tulehu – Ambon), the chance of choosing urban transport is 39%, and for private transport, it is 61%. Keyword: Binary Logiet Model; Transportation Mode Selection; Multiple Linear Regression

Modelling life trajectories and mode choice using Bayesian belief networks

This study aims to analyze public travel behavior in Jakarta, with a focus on the choice between public and private transportation modes. The purpose of this study is to understand travel behavior in Jakarta and to provide valuable insights to the local government for developing better policies in the public transportation system. The data were collected through a real survey of Jakarta residents aged 18 and under to over 45 years old, showing that private motorcycles are the most popular mode, followed by TransJakarta and ride-hailing services. Three machine learning techniques, such as Random Forest, XGBoost, CatBoost, and SHAP, were applied to predict transportation mode choices. Among the models, XGBoost achieved the best accuracy (86%), indicating outstanding predictive performance. Based on the SHAP analysis, the most important factors influencing transportation choice are travel cost, comfort, and mode integration. Geospatial mapping further highlights the spatial distribution of dominant transportation modes across Jakarta’s sub-districts, illustrating strong reliance on private motorcycles in North, West, and Central Jakarta, while TransJakarta usage is more focused in South and East Jakarta. These findings highlight Jakarta’s dependency on private transportation despite improvements in public transportation infrastructure. Overall, the study offers insights into policy formulation, public transportation improvement, and business strategy optimization in the online transportation industry.

Traffic in Jakarta is one of the main issues that becomes an annual problem in the capital. According to World Bank data, Jakartans spend at least 3.5 h in traffic jams on average [1]. Being one of the main causes, among others, there are more than 18.6 million private modes of transportation in Jakarta, while users of public transportation only reach 24% [2]. In supporting the choice of public transportation modes to reduce the traffic ratio in Jakarta, it is not sufficient by only providing adequate public transportation, but also requires a city development concept that provides convenience and comfort for road users, including zoning, passenger flow and intermodal integration. Recent studies attempted to find evidence of a relevance between TOD and transit location. The area around Dukuh Atas Station which is planned to be the center of the development of one of the TODs in Jakarta becomes a transit location for 4 modes of public transportation. However, it is difficult for passengers to get on and off at this transit location to move from one mode of public transportation to another, so that passengers choose the private mode of transportation to continue their trip to their destination. Preferences Survey done by using a survey questionnaire conducted in this study determine the preferences of passengers so that they still choose to use public transportation. The results of the study are known factors that passengers desired in order to switch to public transport in Dukuh Atas transit locations which also provide suggestions to the Government and the management of public transport modes to develop this area to be oriented to the comfort for the passengers.KeywordsDukuh AtasPassengerChoice of transportation modeTransportation publicPreference survey

Public transport plays an important role in big cities. Taking into account that the population is constantly increasing, it is important to analyze this issue and make decisions based on the optimization of routes and the improvement of the public transport service. At present, from the perspective of travelers there are many alternatives (modes of transport) to move within a city. The choice of mode can be based on many criteria, such as: costs, comfort, distance, travel times, security, among others. Around this issue, many cities opt for development plans that include efficient public transport strategies, with low environmental impacts and that are attractive to users. In this context, this article aims to address an analysis methodology to improve public transport routes and propose alternatives that improve their performance. The study is developed for urban transport routes in the urban area of the city of Milagro in Ecuador. As a computer tool, the ArcGIS Network Analyst is used to enhance the decision-making process in the selection of transport routes.

The role of social cognition in perceived thresholds for transport mode change

To reduce the pollution and noise in the cities, the authorities encourage intermodality, notably through private cars and public transport combinations. The application of dissuasive measures such as urban tolls is an increasingly investigated solution. This paper proposes an agent-based simulation to assess the impact of an urban toll on intermodal trip behaviors (private car + public transport) in a city. The impact of the urban toll is modeled through a multinomial logit (MNL) model, which is used to estimate the modal choice for each agent. To avoid paying the toll tax, people (agents in our simulation) prefer to combine different modes of transportation, e.g., their private cars and public transport, by parking their vehicles in the park and ride facilities at the entrance to the city. Our experiments based on the MATSim platform infer that with 20 euros of toll tax, it is possible to reduce by \(20\%\) the use of the private car in the European Metropolis of Lille (MEL, France).KeywordsAgent-based modelingIntermodalityUrban tollMATSim

Purpose Most OECD countries will have a considerable challenge ahead with an ageing population and necessary health care produced for retired people. Healthcare costs have increased continuously from the mid-1990’s in Finland, and growth is likely to continue in the future, as the amount of older inhabitants is increasing. Furthermore, transportation of patients and their visitors between homes and hospitals is a large component of the total health carehealth care related costs. This paper aims to estimate transport-related costs and develop ways to decrease these costs. Design/methodology/approach A system dynamics simulation model was developed to examine different scenarios for patients and their visitor transportation to hospitals until the year 2040. Model is driven by age distribution of the region and likely by development of the total population. All parameter values were defined based on real-life observations. Findings Patients’ need to travel to hospitals is likely to continue to grow. In addition, quality of travel will change as older retired people are not willing or able to use their own transportation equipment or public transportation modes – this is the main reason for higher transportation costs of patients. Transportation is typically conducted via taxis, private cars and ambulances. Therefore, it is critical that people from the region are able to access hospital services with short proximity. Research limitations/implications Simulation study is limited to one hospital investment decision in Finland. Distances and population densities as well as transportation mode alternatives differ from more populous regions in the world. Practical implications Research findings stressed the importance of keeping their own hospital operations within the region and placing them in a better location. In an alternative case, where a hospital decision would have been abandoned, total transportation costs during 2012-2040 would have increased by at least the same amount that a new hospital is assumed to cost. Originality/value This research is one of the first from the health care sector, where patient transportation modes and ageing is being dealt with in the context of new investments. Patient transportation is often an overlooked issue, which bears significant costs, especially as people age.

The Covid-19 pandemic had a significant impact on people's travel behaviour and their perception of various transportation modes. This paper presents the results of two cross-sectional surveys conducted in Tehran, Iran, during and after the pandemic. Multivariate ordered logit modelling is used to identify factors that influence usage and to explore their interrelationships by analysing correlations among the utility of the ordered frequency of use of the private car, public transportation, ride-hailing and collective line taxi. Socioeconomic characteristics contribute significantly. Low-income individuals were more likely to use public transport during the pandemic, whereas university students and private sector employees were more prone to use ride-hailing. Women tended to use ride-hailing more, especially in the post-pandemic period. The findings suggest that while, on the whole, usage has increased for all modes in the post-pandemic period, in terms of commuting modal share, metro has gained substantially and private car has lost. Ride-hailing proved highly resilient in Tehran's mobility landscape. Correlation analysis indicated a clear contrast between private cars and public transport/collective line taxis, which is further heightened in the post-pandemic period. Although ride-hailing complements both public transport and collective line taxis, it does not exhibit meaningful correlations with the private car.

The growth of Jabodetabek (Jakarta-Bogor-Depok-Tangerang-Bekasi) Metropolitan Areas raises several problems including the occurrence of traffic congestion in various parts of the metropolitan area. This congestion occurs partly because of the increasing number and use of private vehicles, especially by workers who commute mobility within the Jabodetabek metropolitan areas. The pattern of movement from the place of residence to the place of work in the metropolitan area is also a factor causing congestion. The purpose of this study is to find out the extent to which the distance factor measured by geographical distance and the proximity of the area between the place of residence and place of work has an impact on the preference for the use of transportation modes by workers who are commuting. In accordance with the availability of data in the Sakernas 2017 (National Labor Force Survey 2017) Micro Data, the transportation mode preference consists of two choices: public transportation mode or private transportation mode. The Sakernas 2017 micro data analysis was conducted with descriptive analysis (cross tabulation) and inferential analysis (Binary Logit Regression). The analysis shows that the probability of using public transportation tends to be used by workers whose travel distance is longer (above 10 km), in areas that do not directly border between residence and workplace, female workers, young workers, workers with education Junior high school and below,and workers who work in the agricultural sector. Urban managers covering the Greater Jakarta Metropolitan Area should continue to disseminate and promote the importance of using public transportation in travel from place of residence to place of work to reduce traffic congestion and urban air pollution.