Triband Microstrip–Based Radiating Structure Design using Split Ring Resonator and Complementary Split Ring Resonator

In this paper, a band-stop filter in Ka band is proposed, which is based on substrate integrated waveguide(SIW) resonators and complementary split ring resonators(CSRR). The SIW resonators filter is provided with high pass characteristics. We show that near the resonance point, the impedance characteristics is significantly increased by CSRR. Therefore, we can combine the SIW resonators and CSRRs to change the high pass characteristics and significantly improve the rejection level of the stop-band by etching CSRRs on the top layer in the SIW resonators. The simulated insertion loss of the filter is around 𢀒 1dB and the return loss is less than 𢀒15dB at the frequency range of 26 to 29 GHz and 32.5 to 36 GHz. In addition, the rejection level is above 𢀒20dB from 29.5 to 32GHz.

A novel composite right-/left-handed transmission line (CRLH TL) and its equivalent circuit model are proposed based on cascaded complementary single split ring resonator (CCSSRR). It features an intrinsically balanced wider band and an additional transmission zero above the right-handed band relative to CRLH TL using complementary single split ring resonator and complementary split ring resonators. Moreover, two single negative (SN) metamaterial (MTM) TLs constructed by using complementary electric inductive-capacitive resonator on the conductor strip and on the ground, respectively, are researched. Both SN MTM TLs exhibit electric resonance above the fundamental magnetic resonance. For application, a monoband (MB) bandpass filter (BPF) covered WLAN band, and a dual-band (DB) BPF covered satellite DMB band and WiMAX band are designed, fabricated, and measured. The SN MTM TLs are adopted for the sake of deep and wide out-of-band suppression while CRLH MTM TLs using square-shaped and Sierpinski-shaped CCSSRR are critical factors of the MB and DB behavior. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J RF and Microwave CAE, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

A folded multiple-mode resonator (FMMR) with complementary split ring resonator (CSRR), defected ground structures (DGS) and inter-digital couple is introduced for ultra-wideband bandpass filter design in this paper. The wider bandwidth (3.1 to 9.8 GHz) with FBW = 126 %, lower insertion loss (0.26 dB), and higher rejection level (-44 dB) of UWB band at central frequency f0 = 5.6 GHz are presented. By using the CSRR and inter-digital couple, three notch responses can exist in the UWB passband for blocking the interference signals. Adjusting the size factor of CSRR and inter-digital couple, the wide tuning ranges of notch frequencies included the desired frequencies of 5.18/6.10/8.08 GHz are achieved. The wide tuning ranges of two notch frequencies cover from 5.0 GHz to 8.4 GHz. It is a simple way to control the notch response.

we report our investigation on third harmonic generation (THG) in the terahertz (THz) regime using double resonant frequency selective metasurface composed of square-shaped periodic complementary single split ring resonators.

This paper describes the integration of a plate Luneburg lens with a microstrip patch antenna (MPA) with a complementary split ring resonator (CSRR) at 17 GHz frequency. The main advantage of the method is the compact size of the optimized MPA with CSRR such that the radiation pattern of the antennas successfully overlaps at −3 dB. The overlapping is achieved by positioning multiple MPA with CSRR structures around the plate Luneburg lens with 0.408λ distance between the elements. To test the performance of the lens, CST simulations are carried out using a classical WR62 open-ended waveguide to feed the structure, then adding more waveguides rotated at focal points of the lens. After that, the waveguide is substituted with the MPA with CSRR structure. The superiority of the proposed method over the conventional waveguide or regular patch antenna is confirmed by an overlap in radiation pattern at −3 dB with a narrow beamwidth of 10.9°.

In this paper, three dual notch microwave sensors are presented based on a microstrip transmission line and complementary metamaterial resonators. The main aim of this paper is to compare the constitutive parameters and sensitivity of all three dual notch sensors which are based on complementary symmetric split ring resonator (CS-SRR), complementary asymmetric split ring resonator (CAS-SRR) and complementary bisymmetric split ring resonator (CBS-SRR). The main motivation beyond the presented work is to use dual notches to estimate the relative permittivity of material under test (MUT). Electromagnetic simulation elucidates the origin of dual mode resonance of all the three resonators. Sensitivity analysis is performed on each sensor by using fifteen MUTs with relative permittivity ranges from 1.006 to 16.5 and constant dimensions 10 mm × 10 mm × 1 mm. To verify the concept, a sensor is fabricated and its response is measured using a vector network analyzer (AV3672). Using curve fitting technique the shift in the resonance frequencies of the fabricated sensor due to interaction with MUT is presented as a function of permittivity. Simulated, measured and formulated results are in good agreement with each other.

A coplanar waveguide‐fed metamaterial antenna is presented. The proposed antenna is composed of two‐unit cell composite right/left‐handed transmission line (CRLH‐TL) loaded with split ring resonators (SRRs) and complementary SRRs (CSRRs). The wideband characteristic is obtained by merging the three closely spaced resonances of CRLH‐TL. The loading of SRRs and CSRRs not only improves the impedance matching but also enhances the overall gain and radiation efficiency. The measured results show a −10 dB fractional bandwidth of 67% (6.48–13 GHz) with the realised gains of 2.98, 3.43, 3.15, 2.75 and 2.61 dBi at the resonant frequencies 8.3, 9.2, 10.3, 11 and 12 GHz, respectively. The radiation efficiency is above 67% over the entire band of operation with a peak value of 81.72%. The measured results agree well with the simulated results. The proposed antenna is suitable for X‐band (8–12 GHz) applications.

A simple dual-band antenna design and implementation method is proposed in this work, based on the equivalent media properties inspired by resonant metamaterial elements. The equivalent circuit model of dual-band patch antennas based on a complementary split ring resonator (CSRR) is presented and validated. The dual-band patch antenna is designed etching a CSRR in the patch of a conventional rectangular microstrip patch antenna. The first resonance is governed by the quasi-static resonance of the CSRR while the second resonance is originated by the rectangular patch. The fact of etching a CSRR on a rectangular patch antenna also produces a miniaturization of a conventional patch antenna. The equivalent circuit model proposed in this letter is sound in order to understand the functionality of dual-band patch antennas based on a CSRR. Good agreement between simulation, equivalent circuit model and experimental results is shown and discussed. These results lead the equivalent circuit model to become a simple and straightforward tool for the design of this type of multiband antennas, of low cost and versatile operation for a broad range of wireless communication systems.

Composite materials are widely used in metal coatings to form a series of protective layers. However, fatigue, stress and corrosion can cause several damage modes such as delamination between insulation and metal surface and crack of metal. Such defects will consequently weaken the structure. Hence, it becomes essential to detect and remedy the area non-destructively before it spreads any further. In this paper, a novel of microwave non-destructive testing (NDT) technique for composite coatings is proposed. This technique is based on scanning the surface of the coating with a Complementary Split Ring Resonators (CSRR) with a microstrip patch antenna (MPA). The average value of magnitude S11 is analyzed. Here, a sample (miniature defect) is scanned using CSRR operating at microwave frequencies of 5.3 GHz. Then, the simulation is carried out by using CST Studio Suite. After applying Wavelet transform to the average value of magnitude S11, the surface plot showed significantly better depth resolution. The results reported in this paper proves the advantages of the Wavelet transform to picturize the depth of the defects. The defects’ information can be used to further develop improved methods for maintenance schedule involving significant localized damage and essential for safety studies.

Initially, we construct the metamolecule from its constituent meta-atoms, namely, a split ring resonator (SRR) and a complementary SRR (CSRR) which have characteristic oscillator frequencies in the microwave frequency band (especially in the X-band). Next, an one-dimensional metamolecule waveguide is created from an array of the CSRR-SRR metamolecules. The CSRR is the negative image of the SRR therefore this waveguide is called Complementary Metamolecule Waveguide (CM-WG). Using electromagnetic (EM) simulations, we study the operation frequency bands of the CM-WG changing the polarization of the incident EM wave as well as its unit cell dimension. In continue, we develop an electrical transmission line model, we precisely calculate the electric and magnetic coupling coefficients between the metamolecules and verify the results of the EM simulations. We conclude, from the electromagnetic simulations and the analytical considerations, that the polarization of the incident EM wave and the distance between the metamolecules affect the bandwidth of the frequency bands as well as the properties of the propagation.

In this paper, we present a new design of miniaturized printed microstrip antenna based on Complementary Split ring resonators (CSRR) as main radiators. The antenna is composed of a pair of CSRRs etched on the ground plane and excited by an open-ended microstrip line feed symmetrically placed between the two CSRRs at the upper substrate side. To enhance the inherently CSRRs limited bandwidth; two rectangular slots are introduced in the vicinity of each CSRR resulting in a significant bandwidth improvement and also in lowering the operating frequency. The resonance frequency of the antenna is essentially defined by geometrical parameters of the CSRR, which makes it suitable for a broad range of applications spanning from mobile terminals to WLAN and WPAN systems. The proposed structure has been studied numerically by using CST Microwave studio.

In this paper, compact microstrips patch antenna (MPA) whose size is reduced via the use of metamaterials is presented. When CSRR are placed, the shift in the resonant frequency to a lower value is promising because it suggests a reduction in patch size. Complementary split-ring resonator (CSRR) is used instead of split-ring resonator (SRR). Equivalent circuit model to characterize the complementary split ring resonator in metamaterials is presented. By using the circuit model, it is shown that the use of a metamaterial can indeed greatly miniaturize the dimensions of the patch antenna.

This article presents the design and analysis of conformal circular monopole antenna with split ring resonator to get frequency notch characteristics in the wideband. Split ring resonators placed on one side of the substrate and complementary split ring resonators placed on the other side of the substrate at defected ground structure, which yields the frequency notch characteristics with respect to the microstrip feeding. Dual notch band characteristics are obtained between 4–4.3 and 7.3–8.1 GHz. The analyzed conformal characteristic of the antenna supports excellent constant reflection coefficient characteristics over the band at different angles. The impedance and radiation characteristics of the antenna model is analysed in simulation along with unit cell analysis of the SRR and the measured results are providing good agreement with them.

A novel design of circular polarization microstrip patch antenna based on the complementary split ring resonator is evaluated numerically and experimentally verified. Unlike the previous application of its resonant performance, the non-resonant property of complementary split ring resonator is used as an asymmetric perturbation to excite the square microstrip patch antenna for a good circular polarization radiation. Good agreement is observed between the measurement and simulation results.

In this paper, the effects of the current distribution on the complementary split ring resonator (CSRR) are presented. The CSRR is etched off on the ground plane to provide dual-stopband characteristics over the desired frequency range. The dual-stopband characteristics can be determined by the dimensions of the CSRR. Current distribution shows the interactions of electromagnetic waves propagation within the CSRRs around 3.56 and 6.36 GHz. The simulated current distributions with different cell distance and cell number of CSRRs are successfully evaluated. Results of this work are in good agreement with the EM and circuit simulation.