TRIZ-Based Model of the Social System

In today's expansive world of social media and collaborative systems [1], firms that invest immensely in Technology to enable their Businesses achieve goals effectively, competitively, and globally [2] expect their Technology Centers to deliver solutions and services at shortest turnaround time, lowest cost [3], with yet very rich functionality and sophistication. Additionally, such firms wish to be able to determine the relationship between the Technology investment [3] they make and the quantities of Technology Services generated as a result. To address such wishes, in this Paper empirical Artificial Neural Network - Expert System (ANN-ES) models are being introduced that utilize previous fiscal periods' technology related investments, channeled through Information Technology's (IT) classical services, for developing patterns, fine tuning and training the models [4]. The approach, illustrated via examples, is based on the distribution of Technology investment across IT service channels and converting them into more tangible services, called IT Generated Consumable Services in this Paper, that are directly utilized by Business Users in a firm. A limited number of Services have been chosen to demonstrate the Proof Of Concept, for each one of which the construction of the model and training method [4] follow a common methodology with different Inputs, Patterns and Outputs. Post convergence, it would be possible to feed a certain period's relevant data as Input in to the model to determine quantities (Output) of a specific type service and its associated costs in relevance to the total cost of IT investment for a specific period in an organization [5]. The output of each model, which is the quantity of generated service of a particular type along with its associative cost is illustrated in one of the Tables 1 through 6 with summaries in Tables 7 & 8. In the following sections of this Paper details for developing ANN-ES models [6] relevant to quantification of each service category are provided.

On the Probabilistic Characterization of Robustness and Resilience

Сучасний прискорений розвиток техногенних виробничих структур призвів до росту концентрації шкідливих викидів та їх об'єму в екосередовище (ґрунт, воду, атмосферу), зріс рівень забруднення сіл, міст, цілих регіонів. Ускладнення технологічних процесів, ріст виробничих потужностей теплових електростанцій, транспорту, нафтогазової промисловості, у структуру яких входять енергоактивні об'єкти, ускладнив процеси управління, що призвело до зниження в певних галузях рівня безпеки їх функціонування та підвищило ризики аварій та катастроф. При цьому рівень ризиків аварій і техногенних катастроф залежить від багатьох факторів і компонент надійності систем: надійність і якість проектів техногенних систем, моделей і алгоритмів функціонування; якість конструкцій, агрегатів, комплектуючих, способу їх монтажу; відповідність побудованих структур до проектних вимог, методів їх налагодження та випробування для введення в експлуатацію; якість стратегій, алгоритмів опрацювання даних та прийняття управлінських рішень; якість підготовки (інженерної, знаннєвої, практичної…) виробничого й адміністративного персоналу, а також їхніх позитивних і негативних ознак; підготовка ресурсів для виконання виробничого процесу та їх якості; здатність протистояти ресурсним та інформаційним атакам на техногенну систему; здатність протистояти інформаційним та ментально-психологічним атакам на оперативно-керуючий персонал при прийнятті управлінських рішень. Усі ці аспекти оцінки ризиків мають як стратегічний, так й ігровий характер і визначають динаміку процесів у техногенних системах, а також рівень і характер впливу на екологічне середовище. Для вирішення цієї проблеми виділено, розв'язано та розроблено такі задачі та методи: визначено та оцінено актуальність проблеми мінімізації ризиків техногенних систем на екологічне середовище; проаналізовано літературні джерела, в яких розглядають цю проблему; сформульовано мету дослідження та методи розв'язання задач; проаналізовано причини і фактори виникнення конфліктних ситуацій як технічного, так й інформаційного характеру; проаналізовано і побудовано ігрові моделі стратегій управління; розроблено метод розв'язання конфліктів у техногенних системах; розроблено метод структуризації системи та її агрегації; розглянуто системну гру та спосіб її представлення; побудовано загальну схему взаємодії техногенних систем, які формують шкідливі викиди, з екологічним та соціальним середовищем, як основу вироблення координаційних стратегій екозахисту та технології глибинного перероблення відходів; виявлено нові техногенні характеристики та їхній характер і вплив на екологічне середовище.

This document uses comparative law tools to identify different legal definitions and ways of working in several countries worldwide to deal with maternity and paternity leaves to determine which are the most decisive and critical elements to further consider those as a base criteria to present some proposals that allow the clear implementation, based on the guidelines of the Colombian Constitutional Court, of this type of leaves within the obligations of the Colombian Social Security System for homoparental families. The first step was to analyze the legal treatment of maternity and paternity leave in the Colombian Social Security System for homoparental families; raising the following questions: Facing a homoparental family, who should take the maternity leave and who the paternity leave? Who will be responsible of determining the granting of the economic benefit: the parents, the EPS or the employer? Is there any legislative progress on the matter in Colombia and in the international level? To present the proposed responses to the above questions, the existing regulations on the subject were studied by the authors, taking into account the rulings of the Colombian Constitutional Court, the Colombian Supreme Court of Justice, administrative concepts and doctrine. Likewise, a comparative law study was carried out in European and Nordic countries, based on the precedents established by international organizations. With the above, the research identifies similarities and differences between the legal treatment of maternity and paternity leave in same-parent families, in comparative law compared to the treatment of leave in Colombia, studying countries such as Chile, Mexico, Argentina, Finland, Germany and Spain, and finding that, although to date there are several advances in the subject, there are still many countries like Colombia that do not have major advances in the recognition of these leaves and even less, in what concerns the coverage of the social security system. Likewise, the procedure currently applied in the Social Security System in Colombia for the recognition of leaves of absence was analyzed, with the objective of making visible the legal gaps in terms of equality for homoparental families, to propose some alternative solutions. With this purpose, the most evolved sections in international matters were taken as an example and those that in the authors' opinion could be catalogued as the best experiences and the most beneficial from a purely legal point of view to be applied to a proposal for a model of the Colombian social security system for these families, as well as for adoption and surrogate motherhood cases. Finally, the conclusions of the reflective and critical analysis of the scope and regulatory development that has been handled to date, related to the recognition and payment of maternity and paternity leave, as well as the similarities and differences with comparative law on the subject, will be presented.

Purpose: The purpose of the research is to design an innovative model for implementing the integrated corporate social responsibility management system based on the progressive, internationally recognised ISO standards. Methodology/Approach: This paper analyses the development, current state and trends in implementing the corporate social responsibility system, emphasising the applied approaches and models in the context of possibilities and barriers to their implementation and acceptance in the global markets. Findings: New market conditions in the global markets within sustainable development require the certification of quality management systems. From this point of view, the integration of management systems is vital, and it brings synergetic effects. Developing the future concept for corporate social responsibility management and sustainability is inevitable. Research Limitation/Implication: In the meantime, there is no ISO standard as the model for management and the system of social responsibility in the integrated system. The issue is still poorly formalised, developed and appreciated in social practice. The newly revised ISO standards with a 10-element HLS structure and their development and constant addition provide space for the innovative modelling of the social responsibility system in integration with the management of other aspects of the organisation. Originality/Value of paper: The paper is original due to its focus on the implementation of the social responsibility system in accordance with the latest and newly revised ISO standards in the integrated system form.

The article analyzes the existing approaches to sociological research and provides assessment of some systemic gaps in the cycle of modeling sociological objects. The technique allowing modeling of complex social interactions based on the concept of «social system» is proposed. The modeling principles are developed, covering the levels of interaction with the environment, content and structure. The model of the social system, having a set of internal parameters, and the algorithm of its interaction with the environment are presented. To facilitate the perception of a large number of elements extracted from the collected empirical data, it is proposed to display the final result of the study on a special map. The primary testing, based on messages from the social network Twitter, allowed us to identify the elements of complex social systems and show the nature of their interaction. It is concluded that the methodology is applicable as a tool to monitor and to forecast complex social interactions.

Agent-based modeling and simulation is a way to model the behavior of populations of components and their interactions within a system. The key of this approach is to model the components of the system as autonomous agents and to simulate their behavior for evaluating the system as a whole. That is very useful for observing the emergence of properties in social, biological, environmental or financial systems, among others. Artificial immune systems, which is a sub field of artificial intelligence, comprises systems modeled by simplifying models from the biological immune system. If agent-based modeling and simulation is used as a laboratory for understanding the biological immune system then, it can also be used for transferring the observed principles into artificial immune system models or for evaluating models that have been already adapted for solving technical problems. This paper presents first, a methodology for transferring principles of the biological immune system into the field of artificial immune systems. Then, it presents a brief explanation of the behavior of the cells of the biological immune system, which are treated as internal agents inside a biological organism. Afterwards, the modeling of some selected type of cells and the simulation of the whole simplified system are presented. In the end, the principles of that simplified system are transferred into the design of an alarm management system for the smart grid.

The textbook deals with theoretical and methodological, legal and socio-humanistic foundations of the system of vocational guidance and socialization of students with complex disabilities, the history of the formation of ideas about career counseling in domestic and foreign science and practice. Presented psycho-pedagogical features of pupils with complex disabilities and conditions that ensure successful mastery of the available professions, work skills. This description of the vocational diagnostic procedure aimed at exploring the possibilities of a child with severe to mastering the profession. The estimation of the level of employment, pre-vocational and vocational knowledge and skills. The possible extent of mastering different kinds of work, professional activities and employment options of persons with complex disabilities. First introduced the variative model of the system of vocational guidance and socialization of students with complex disabilities and the contents of psychological and pedagogical support of their families in the process of career guidance. For students of institutions of secondary vocational education, undergraduate, master degree, post-graduate students studying in areas of training 44.03.01/44.04.01 "Pedagogical education", 44.03.02/44.04.02 "Psycho-pedagogical education", 44.03.03/44.04.03 "Special (defectological) education", as well as professionals working in the system, both General and special education, institutions secondary vocational and higher education.

Purpose of research.Today, one of the main tasks of distance education is a personification of learning, taking into account the mental and physical states of students. Therefore, the purpose of research, conducted by the Institute of Distance and Additional Professional Education of Ulyanovsk State Technical University is to develop a model of a regional distance education system for persons with disabilities based on an inclusive paradigm. One of the model’s components is the organization of training methods, the identification of which was the original purpose of the study, the intermediate result of which is described in the proposed paper.Materials and methods.In order to achieve the purpose of the research, we use a systematic approach, since the inclusive regional distance education system for persons with disabilities is a part of the social system with its structure, characteristics, principles, and laws of development, and a subject-subject approach based on the idea of the individual’s subject activity in his/her life processes.The paper provides a brief retrospective analysis of the distance education development in Russia and abroad. The foreign authors’ works in the field of distance education (D.R. Garrison, B. Holmberg, M. Jeffries, D. Keegan, O. Peters) belong to an earlier period and serve as a starting point for Russian scientists A. Andreev, E. Polat, V.Soldatkin, V. Tikhomirov, S. Shchennikov.A number of well-established classifications of training methods are given and the thesis is suggested that technological innovations lead to a significant expansion of pedagogical methods and techniques, pedagogical innovations that affect the nature of distance education activities for people with disabilities.Results.The result of the first stage of our research work is the propose and description of the author’s methods of organizing the education for children with disabilities: the method of adaptive and expert borrowing, the method of variable and dual training, the method of evolutionary and expert development, and the method of inclusive group virtual learning. These methods expand pedagogicalknowledge. The authors validate feasibility of the possibility of borrowing the benefits of e-learning to study humanities, natural and technical sciences, and propose the tools that allow adapting training to the students’ characteristics, regardless of their physical disabilities. Since the introduction to various fields of activity is difficult for children with disabilities, a dual education system based on the interaction of vocational education institutions and enterprises may provide an opportunity to try themselves in different professions. A virtual company is proposed to be an “employer”.Conclusion.The project deliverable will be a model of an inclusive regional distance education system for children with disabilities, developing and supplementing the theoretical, methodological and technological foundations of e-learning. In the future, a set of conditions for the functioning and development of an inclusive regional distance education system for children with disabilities will be identified, causing the learning process in the system under study. This system is characterized by the use of distance learning technologies with adaptive and expert support of the educational process, borrowing the benefits of e-learning from various areas of knowledge, and defining organizational, technical and pedagogical support for the implementation of the learning process for persons with disabilities.

Formulation of the problem: The features of model of presidencialism in modern terms, possibility of application of presidencialism in democracy are analysed in the article. Analis of concept: politics, decision of political conflicts. The political factors of political strategies of presidencialism are considered, of institute of the president, as subject of conceptual power and democratic political system, as its object is investigated. It is shown, that the real model of political system contains oligarchic and antiolygarchic components, each of which can become prevailing. Purpose of the research: The purpose of the article is to carry out a theoretical and methodological analysis of the essence of the presidency as a subject of conceptual power in democratic political systems, to identify the structure of conceptual power, its role and place in the political system of society, to identify trends and to analyze the role of the processes of oligarchization in the functioning of democratic political systems, to uncover conceptual functions of the institution of presidency in western democratic political systems. The conceptual management of political system, preservation its of democratic definiteness, is a major task of presidential power. Using theoretical models D. Easton, E. Sedov, theory of needs A. Maslow and theory of social mobility of P. Sorokin has allowed to reveal static and dynamic parameters of political system, which optimization enables to support evolutionary character of political development.There are several alternative concepts of democracy. At the same time, one of them is legally codified and reigns. That is why political power is usually forced to act in an anti-democratic way on an alternative concept. Institutions of state power, thanks to sustainability, mobility and resource intensiveness, can support and even impose those norms and goals that are not entirely in the interests of society as integrity, or vice versa – the interests of individual, usually the most active individuals and social groups are not taken into account and even sacrificed in general. There is a significant imbalance of interests that threatens the existence of a democratic social system. Consequently, the task arises to develop objective indicators, which should be guided by the head of state, in order to assess the favorable or unfavorable tendencies in the political system.The purpose of the article and the task. Research methods: The following research methods were used to address the issues set in the article: general scientific methods – descriptive, hermeneutic-political, systemic, structural-functional, comparative, institutional-comparative; general logical methods – empirical, statistical, prognostic modeling and analysis; special methods of political science. The preference was given to the method of political-system analysis, by which the common and distinctive characteristics of the basic components of soft power strategies were identified, reflecting existing political, public, information and other challenges and global development. For empirical research, the factual basis was used, which was compiled by an expert survey of Ukrainian specialists-political scientists. Practical and systematic methods were used to analyze the system of relations from four perspectives: influence presidents power. Functional and general historiographical methods were also used. Methods of analysis and synthesis allowed exploring the features. In order to implement these methods, such methodological techniques as analogy, comparison, generalization and extrapolation were used. The method for analyzing the situation (studying documents, comparing, etc.) was used to study international and political processes in the USA, exploratory methods (in particular, content analysis) for the analysis of high-level documents and speeches, which in turn helped identify and outline the trends in foreign policy of the countries of the region. Conclusions. The experience of western (Western, liberal-democratic) political systems suggests that the function of supporting the democratic model of the political system is the responsibility of the president. In this case, the president plays the role of either the head of the executive (political manager of the higher rank), or the formal head of state, or these functions combine. In the context of the political crisis, the president takes steps to preserve the democratic system of society. The complex of these activities includes the function of supporting the democratic nature of the political system.

With the advent of social influence, social recommender systems have become an active research topic for making recommendations based on the ratings of the users that have close social relations with the given user. The underlying assumption is that a user’s taste is similar to his/her friends’ in social networking. In fact, users enjoy different groups of items with different preferences. A user may be treated as trustful by his/her friends more on some specific rather than all groups. Unfortunately, most of the extant social recommender systems are not able to differentiate user’s social influence in different groups, resulting in the unsatisfactory recommendation results. Moreover, most extant systems mainly rely on social relations, but overlook the influence of relations between items. In this paper, we propose an innovative coupled group-based matrix factorization model for recommender system by leveraging the user and item groups learned by topic modeling and incorporating couplings between users and items and within users and items. Experiments conducted on publicly available data sets demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach.

—A simulation model of the Russian unemployment social protection system is developed and used to study the impact of the economic crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, demographic processes, and the increase in retirement age on federal spending on unemployment benefits. Trends of overall and registered unemployment across various socio-demographic groups in 1992–2020 are analyzed, with special attention paid to periods of economic recession and recovery. The identified patterns are used to develop modeling scenarios. Calculations show that in the unfavorable scenario government spending on unemployment benefits will increase many times. As a possible solution to the problem, it is proposed to convert the unemployment social protection system to insurance principles. The time frame in which reforming the system would be less expensive for the federal budget is defined.

Examines the subject “How can we study value systems from a systemic angle of incidence?”, based on the philosophy developed by Bunge through his treatise on basic philosophy. Develops a conceptual model for the value system, consisting of the following entities: wellbeing, needs and wishes, values, moral codes and action. Discusses each element of the model from a systemic angle of incidence. The ethical norm expressed is referred to as systemic principle of balance and can be expressed in the following way: the wellbeing of those most subject to suffering in the social system should be given number one priority, despite the fact that wellbeing of the majority will deteriorate as a result of this priority.

The purpose of the study. Joseph Nye’s theory of soft power has enriched the idea of the country’s comprehensive power and attracted great attention from the Chinese theoretical community and decision-making agencies. The article examines the current state of China’s soft power research. The definition, composition and significance of the theory of soft power with Chinese specifics are analyzed. Conclusions. As a result of the conducted research, the author comes to the conclusion that: firstly, the problem of the soft power of the state has become an urgent topic in Chinese scientific circles in recent years. As for the current state of research, in recent years, the research of Chinese scientists in the field of soft power has been more focused on theoretical research than on practical ones. Secondly, Chinese scientists gave the Chinese orientation to Joseph Nye’s theory of soft power as an extension of the concepts of “cultural power” and “soft power” and applied the concept of “cultural soft power” for the first time. Moreover, the understanding of the concept of “cultural soft power” with Chinese specifics has not yet been unified. Thirdly, as for the definition of soft power, Chinese scientists have considered it from different points of view. We believe that “soft power” means the international influence and attractiveness of a country’s culture, values, social system and development model. Unlike coercive methods such as threats of force or economic sanctions, “soft power” means the ability to influence others through attraction or assimilation to achieve goals. Fourth, with regard to the basic elements of soft power, although Chinese scientists have some differences in their understanding of the constituent elements of soft power, they generally confirm the diversity of the constituent elements of soft power, and the depth of research has been expanded. Fifth, the importance of soft power: 1) Chinese scientists generally believe that China’s development of soft power not only meets the requirements of the time, but also meets the needs of a new period and a new stage of national strategic development; 2) if China wants to achieve a peaceful rise, it must develop and use soft power; 3) the use of soft power is related to China’s cultural security. Sixth, the improvement of “soft power” in China has become an important strategy for national development. In addition to the government’s focus on soft power development at the national strategic level, China has also established some institutions specializing in soft power research.

Different senses of security and its related assumptions, methodologies and contexts are analyzed by first reviewing the liberalistic notions of security and trust, unveiling, on the one hand, the contradictions exhibited between discourse and practice; on the other hand, the historical strategy of concentration of power behind the liberalistic doctrines. The weakness, limits and implications of the liberalistic notions and methods on security and trust are inquired, and subsequently a genuine horizon of security as sustainable and general procurement of positive freedom is advocated. The CyberSyn project successfully implemented in Chile, but tragically and prematurely ending under the hard power in the 9/11 of 1973, serves as model of the posed system approach to security. However, the system model is actualized and completed with elements of the general theory of information in virtue of: the increased complexity of societal systems, its ultimate global dimension, its biospherical closure, the increase of information assets and processes, and some epistemological boundaries. These reasons also set the need of keeping – beside the system approach – a critical and ethical stance.