Understanding and Influencing State Park Visitors’ Leave No Trace Behavioral Intent

This study proposes an integrated model that incorporates the theory of reasoned action (TRA) and the social exchange theory (SET) to investigate the Leave No Trace (LNT) behaviour of hikers in Hong Kong. Structural equation modelling (SEM) was performed to analyse the data of a voluntary survey (n = 374) conducted from December 2019 to June 2020. The results indicate that attitude and subjective norm significantly control intention, which eventually affect LNT participation, as suggested by the TRA. Perceived benefit positively influences attitude, which affects support for LNT intervention, leading to LNT intention, participation, and intensity, as predicted by the SET. LNT participation is significantly correlated with LNT intensity. This study contributes to the knowledge body by offering a new perspective on LNT behaviour of visitors to protected areas. This study also provides a reference for Hong Kong and other cities around the world in managing the sustainability of protected areas.

ObjectivesTo investigate pharmacy students’ attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioural control, intentions and their behaviour towards patient safety using a theory of planned behaviour framework.DesignMixed-methods research.SettingPrivate university in Malaysia.ParticipantsPharmacy undergraduate students...

The purpose of this study was to assess university students’ self-reported knowledge, behavior, and behavioral intention regarding H1N1 influenza. Participants included students at a major university in the southwestern US. Data were collected in early spring 2010 through a 24-item self-administered survey. Outcome variables included knowledge, behavior and intention. A total of 483 students participated. Most reported trying to prevent H1N1 influenza though specific behaviors. Many lacked knowledge about symptoms and treatment; a few (10%) had been vaccinated; and half had no intention of getting vaccinated or practicing self-isolation. Gender and age were significantly associated with the three outcome variables. Intention was the most significant contributor to behavior [t (1) = 3.34, p<.001]. H1N1 influenza campaigns directed toward university students in the US should focus on undergraduate, male students, and revise their strategies regarding vaccination and self-isolation.

The efficacy of different Leave No Trace (LNT) communication interventions designed to persuade forest visitors to practice low-impact camping behaviors were evaluated. Three depreciative campsite behaviors—littering, tree damage, and surface disposal of human waste—were evaluated by before-and-after resource condition assessments. Three LNT communication interventions were evaluated against a control: (1) an LNT brochure and poster display (non-personal), (2) personal LNT communication by a forest naturalist, and (3) a combination of both non-personal and personal methods. The study population was overnight campers using dispersed road-accessed campsites in Western Maryland’s Green Ridge State Forest. LNT communication successfully improved resource conditions for the targeted depreciative behaviors. For litter and human waste, personal communication by a forest naturalist was effective, but the non-personal method was ineffective. In contrast, tree damage was significantly reduced by both non-personal and personal communication methods. Combining personal and non-personal communication efforts did not result in an increased benefit. The core implication of this study is that several camping resource impacts can be measurably reduced when uniformed staff personally communicate the desired low impact practices.

Google classroom as one of the learning platforms has been popularly used. This study aims to examine the determinants of user behavior by testing perceived ease of use variables, perceived usefulness, and subjective norm as a predictor of intention and actual control as moderation of intention-to-behavior relationship. The population in this study are 108 students in vocational high school. This study uses survey techniques or saturated samples. Data collection in this study using questionnaires. The analysis method used is a structural equation model (SEM) with SmartPLS 3.0 analysis tool. The study results found that perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, and subjective norm are predictors of behavioral intentions with a value of R2 0.783 or 78.3%. Behavior intention predicts user behavior with R2 0.647 or 64.7%. Actual control succeeded in moderating the relationship of behavior intention to and use behavior. According to the study's results, students' behavioral intention to use Google Classroom was predicted by the Perceived Ease of Use, Perception of Usefulness, and Subject Norm. Actual behavior control can strengthen student use behavior of students using Google Classroom. The students will have a strong intention to use Google Classroom when they have actual control over themselves.

The relationship of attitude to behavior is investigated through improvement in attitude measurement and the use of multiple variable analysis. The certainty of response to attitude items was used as a moderator variable to produce better attitude measurement. Regression analysis was used to consider the relation of a number of relevant personal and social variables to attitude, behavioral intention, and behavior. Data supporting the interpretation that certainty identifies individuals with developed attitudes are presented. Analysis of the relation of attitude and other variables to behavioral intention and behavior suggests when respondents are certain of attitude item responses, attitude is a major predictor of behavior and behavioral intentions, and additional personal and social variables fail to markedly improve behavior prediction. These findings are discussed in relation to selected aspects of Fishbein's (1967) analysis of the relation of attitude to behavior.

This study explores how integrating biophilic elements into automated vehicles affects users’ experience, affective trust, perceived price value, connectedness to nature, and behavioral intention. Sixty-one participants experienced 4 driving scenarios with three types of biophilic interventions in a mixed reality environment. Results from Partial Least Squares revealed that perceived price value was the strongest predictor of behavioral intention, while final trust and connectedness to nature showed no direct impact. Initial trust influenced behavioral intention indirectly by enhancing user experience, which increased perceived price value. Demographic factors, did not significantly affect outcomes. These findings show the value of integrating biophilic elements in automated vehicles lies not only in making the ride more pleasant, but in strengthening the factors that drive adoption. This research provides pragmatic insights for automotive designers and industries. In a market where technology frequently feels impersonal, integrating natural elements can transform the driving experience, making it not only more pleasant but also more desirable to potential customers. HIGHLIGHTS Biophilic elements in AVs enhance user experience and behavioral intention. Perceived price value is the strongest predictor of behavioral intention. Initial trust boosts behavioral intention indirectly via improved user experience.

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to apply the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) to determine which psychosocial factors are predictors of older adults’ safe food storage practices at home.Design/methodology/approachAn online structured questionnaire was developed and administered to older adults (60+). Two behavioural intention outcomes were investigated: thawing meats safely and storing leftovers within recommended guidelines. The survey instrument measured socio-demographic and TPB variables: attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioural control and intentions. A measure of self-reported habitual behaviour was also recorded and used to determine whether past practice influenced behavioural intentions.FindingsRespondents (n=78) demonstrated good intentions to safely defrost meats and store leftovers. The models accounted for 41 and 48 per cent of the variance in intentions to perform safe storage behaviours. Attitudes and subjective norms were predictors of intentions to safely thaw meats. Habitual behaviour was a significant predictor of behavioural intentions to safely store leftovers. Perceived behavioural control was a significant predictor of intentions to thaw meats and store leftovers.Research limitations/implicationsThe sample size was small, and results are to be interpreted with caution.Practical implicationsThe results indicate that theory-based solutions to solving food safety among consumers may be a feasible strategy.Originality/valueThe study is the first of its kind to apply the TPB to this consumer group.

This study discusses the factors affecting parents’ behavioral intention with respect to the service quality of childcare settings. Childcare quality is essential for parents nowadays and relies heavily on accessible, affordable, and reasonable quality. Meantime, there are some of the issues arising in the childcare industry when there are many cases of injury, neglect, or death in childcare. Therefore, the study presents the shortfall inputs from the childcare centers’ customers on the service factors that require further attention. The primary data of 364 questionnaires were collected from respondents of four regions in Peninsular Malaysia. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23.0 and Partial Least Square Structural Modeling (PLS-SEM) were used for this study’s data analysis. Dimensions of service quality with 21 items were observed in this paper. The behavioral intention was measured using seven items. The results confirmed that service quality was the antecedent for behavioral intention. In addition, emotion satisfaction embarked on the role of mediation factor between service quality and behavioral intention. All the hypotheses' relationships were supported. The originality of the study gives valuable comprehension with regard to emotional satisfaction in childcare experience since it contributes significantly to the prediction of behavioral intention. The implication of the study is further discussed in this paper.

The study aimed to assess the effect of eight factors that shape employees’ behavioural intentions regarding the use of AI systems in their professional environments: performance and effort expectancy, social influence, facilitating conditions, relative advantage, compatibility, complexity and trialability. These factors were used as predictors of behavioural intention and use behaviour. Data for PLS-SEM analysis were collected from tourism employees using an online survey. Findings revealed a positive and substantial correlation between factors like performance expectancy, effort expectancy and social influence on the one hand and behavioural intentions on the other. In addition, facilitating conditions, compatibility, complexity and trialability were found to be positively and significantly correlated with behavioural intentions, which were also correlated with employees’ use of AI. The study contributes to a more nuanced understanding of the human dimension in the implementation of AI, offering insights for organisations seeking to navigate the complex behavioural landscape of technological change.

The intention-behavior relationship is examined in a keep-left experiment involving interactions of pedestrians and cyclists on a shared footpath in Singapore as a case study. Data collection entailed before-and-after on-site perception surveys and naturalistic observations from field-recorded video footages. The perception surveys involved 120 pedestrians and 119 cyclists in the before period, and 59 pedestrians and 60 cyclists in the after period. Movement profiles were captured for 303 pedestrians, 148 cyclists, and 90 pedestrian-cyclist interactions for the before period, and 262, 174, and 76, respectively for the after period. The findings suggest that the “keep left” markings on the footpath are generally effective in improving users’ behavioral intention in keeping left. However, whereas cyclists did change their behavior, pedestrians did not do so which is rationalized as being due to their previously formed habit. The findings reveal a weak intention-behavior relationship for pedestrians’ habitual behavior. As consistent with the unchanged pedestrians’ behavior, no distinct changes in the pedestrian-cyclist interaction patterns were observed after the “keep left” treatment. There was no significant change in the perceived conflict level and the safety level as well.

INTRODUCTIONGiven the increasing prevalence of shisha smoking (SS) in adolescent females, it is necessary to determine the factors influencing adolescent’s choice of shisha. This study aimed to determine predictors of shisha smoking among adolescent females in Western Iran based on the Prototype-Willingness Model (PWM).METHODSThis cross-sectional study was conducted on 1302 adolescent females in Kermanshah city, western Iran, in 2019. The method was multi-stage sampling with a systematic random approach. Data were collected using a questionnaire consisting of sociodemographic questions, history of shisha smoking, and Prototype-Willingness Model structure-based questions. Data were analyzed using SPSS 22 software. Statistical tests included descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation test, and linear and logistic regression analyses.RESULTSThe prevalence of current consumers of shisha was 20.4%. Attitude and behavioral willingness and subjective norms were the most important predictors of behavioral intentions, whereas subjective norms, attitudes, and prototypes were the most important predictors for behavioral willingness. The results obtained from the logistic regression analysis revealed that both pathways of PWM constructs (behavioral intention OR=1.37; behavioral willingness OR=1.32) were significant predicting factors for shisha smoking among adolescent females.CONCLUSIONSGiven the efficient role of behavioral willingness and intention for shisha smoking (SS) in adolescent females, it is necessary to consider these structures in designing educational strategies for the prevention of adolescent smoking.

The Fishbein behavioral intention model, which comprises attitudinal (personal) and normative (interpersonal) components of behavior, was used to predict behavioral (purchase) intention of brand‐name casual apparel. The objective was to identify the relative importance of the attitudinal component versus the normative component as a determinant of behavioral intention. The sample consisted of 142 college students (87 men, 55 women). Multiple regression analysis showed that the attitudinal component and the normative component were statistically significant predictors of behavioral intentions; however, the attitudinal component played a more important role than the normative component. Moreover, structural aspects of the attitudinal component were examined using factor analysis. The attitudinal component was categorized into two dimensions: aesthetic andfunctional. Recommendations and implications were made for manufacturers and retailers, suggesting possible marketing strategies.

Background and Aim: This research explores the key factors influencing nursing students' intention to use 3D body anatomy software at Liaoyang Vocational and Technical College, China. Based on these models, seven hypotheses and seven latent variables were proposed: Personal Innovation in Information Technology (PIIT), Performance Expectancy (PE), Effort Expectancy (EE), Subject Norms (SN), Attitude (ATT), Perceived Behavior Control (PBC), and Behavior Intention (BI). Materials and Methods: This study adopts a quantitative method, through an operationalized questionnaire, and conducts reliability and validity tests. The sampling method is purposive sampling and stratified sampling. Data analysis was performed through confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and structural equation modeling (SEM). Results: The research findings indicate that all hypotheses are supported, with effort expectancy exerting the most significant influence on behavioral intention. The results show β =0.320, p &lt; 0.001. This result indicates that EE has the greatest impact on BI. Next are Performance Expectancy (PE), Attitude (ATT), Subject Norms (SN), and Perceived Behavior Control (PBC). PIIT also shows a significant positive impact on PE and EE. Conclusion: This study indicates that in the comprehensive prediction of vocational nursing students' behavioral intention to use the 3Dbody anatomy software, performance expectancy (PE), effort expectancy (EE), subjective norm (SN), attitude (Att), and personal innovativeness (PIIT) all have a significant impact on behavioral intention (BI). According to the research results, software designers can simplify operations, while teachers can enhance students' confidence through guided learning. These improvements can enhance the user experience, thereby increasing students' adoption intention and usage retention.

This study examined the predictive utility of self-efficacy and three types of outcome expectations (physical outcomes, social outcomes, and self-evaluative outcomes) on students' behavioral intentions and actual behaviors in a beginning weight training class. A total of 137 participants (62 men, 75 women; M(age) = 21.4 yr., SD = 2.0) completed questionnaires assessing beliefs and intentions toward weight training. Attendance and workout log entries were used as a measure of actual behaviors. Regression analyses indicated that physical outcome expectations and self-efficacy emerged as significant predictors of students' behavioral intentions and actual behaviors. Findings of this study were interpreted from self-efficacy theory.