Understanding local innovation systems in peripheral tourism destinations

The development of tourism in peripheral areas is seen as a product diversification in the tourism destination and an appropriate strategy for developing the peripheral areas itself. Tourism is considered to address the main issues of development in peripheral areas, themselves particularly unemployment and urbanization. However, there are challenges of tourism development in peripheral areas due to the relationship with the center of tourism development areas. Based on the case of tourism development in “Taman Nasional Bali Barat” (TNBB), this article examines the challenges of tourism development in peripheral areas. The examination showed that tourism in TNBB has a dependence on the center of tourism development in Bali. This is shown that the economic impact of tourism in TNBB toward local community has not been significant. Tourism in TNBB have not been able to diversify the economic based of local community, so that the surrounding communities in TNBB still depends on the utilization of natural resources in the conservation area.

The aim of the study is to analyze trends, problems and prospects for the development of ethno-festival tourism in the western region of Ukraine in the current crisis realities. Methods. The study used the method of statistical analysis, the methods of analysis and synthesis, comparative method, synthesis method. Results. The geographical and socio-economic prospects for the development of ethno-festivals and destinations of ethno-festival tourism in the western region of Ukraine are described, the problems and peculiarities of the organization of ethno-festival tourism in the region are revealed. Scientific novelty. Priorities for the development of ethnic festivals in the region have been identified in order to attract additional tourist flows and promote the development of ethnic culture. Practical significance. Concrete recommendations on the future development of ethno-festival tourism in the region are proposed.

The paper discusses the infiltration of mafia-type organised crime groups (OCGs) in property development, with a particular focus on peripheral areas. It has two main aims. First, to shed light on the fact that mafia-type OCGs often become active players in this industry. Second, to identify those place-bound aspects that foster their infiltration. To this end, the article reviews recent cases of infiltration in the sphere of urban development with regard to the non-traditional mafia area of northern Italy. By investigating two peripheral municipalities, Brescello and Desio, it offers an insight into two main factors that make peripheral areas an attractive property market for place-embedded OCGs such as mafia groups: first, the structural weaknesses of peripheral municipalities with regard to their political–administrative spheres which, in turn, amplify the shortcomings of the planning process; and second, the fact that peripheral property markets present some features that make them more likely to be affected by the economic input of OCGs and thus create an ideal scenario for a process of criminal accumulation by dispossession.

This paper outlines the development of wine tourism in the Ningxia wine region, primarily from the perspective of key wine stakeholders. Based on field observation and semi-structured in-depth interviews with 24 winery managers and owners, and 2 government officials in the region, it reveals that wine tourism development provides an opportunity to build a unique regional brand focused on high quality wine, to build brand loyalty with domestic and international visitors, and to provide a distribution channel for the wineries to enhance sales directly. To date, however, wine tourism in the region remains under-developed, and there is scepticism about the value of the activities, when other challenges are considered.

Re-thinking economic development in peripheral regions

Creativity and geography have received little attention in the literature on responsible innovation. To address these shortcomings, the article places responsible innovation explicitly in a territorial and non-technocentric context by exploring how artist-led social innovation takes ‘responsibility for place’. The article is guided by the following research question: How can artist initiatives shape sustainable regional development in peripheral areas? To address this research question, the author draws on a conceptualization of artist-led social innovation processes geared to ‘deperipheralization’ that is applied to study two initiatives – Ifö Center in Bromölla, Sweden, and Rjukan Solarpunk Academy, in Rjukan, Norway – situated in peripheral old industrial towns. The study reveals a variety of ways by which artists can be agents of change that transform places but at the same time take responsibility for inclusion and participation. The author concludes that through social innovation, artists' initiatives can empower local citizens and other actors to experiment collectively with unconventional ideas related to social and environmental sustainability and take responsibility for place. The social innovations studied have enacted responsibility for development objectives that are intrinsically significant due to an ethos of care in both a temporal sense (care for future) and a spatial sense (care for place).

In the article on the example of activity of cultural and art center the "Polesye house" forming features and structural-functional descriptions of tourist product of rural tourism were analysed in the Zhytomyr region, and also the analysis of economic activity of агросадиби is conducted the "Polesye house" for three last years taking into account all types of activity. Goal. Analysis of economic activities at the agriturismo "Polesye house " and specific features of formation and structural-functional characteristics of the tourist product of rural tourism in the region. Method. For this purpose we used a range of complementary research methods: methods are systematic and statistical analysis, generalization and systematization. In the process of research used literary sources for rural tourism in Zhytomyr region and in the country, and Internet resources. Results. Analyzing the activities of the "Polesye house " farm for three years, we can conclude that: holidaymakers are active in April - July, with the largest number of tourists in May; the most popular services are: lunch, master classes, entertainment, souvenir shopping, quests; the highest revenue was recorded in May 2016-2018 and October 2018. The results of the study indicate that, in order to attract the modern tourist and to increase the target audience you need to constantly work on expanding the range of services. Therefore, at the present stage in the creation and establishment of a quality and profitable tourist product in rural tourism in the region must take into account different interests and preferences of tourists of different age and target audience and constantly work on expanding the range of services. Scientific novelty. For the first time analyzed the activities of the cultural arts center, "Polesye house " and performed a statistical analysis of its economic activities and peculiarities of the tourist product. Practical significance of the obtained results lies in the fact that proposals for the development and creation of tourist product in rural tourism, can be used at the regional level for improvement of territorial organization of the tourist complex.

Establishing tourist regions: The situation in Croatia

Tourism planning and development should be adjusted based on regional characteristics and applicable policies, but over time, tourism planning often pays less attention to the carrying capacity of the region. So there is a need for an analytical study of tourism planning that is tailored to the characteristics of the region to create sustainable tourism. This research was conducted at the Pelang Regional Tourism Destination, Trenggalek Regency using Recreation Opportunity Spectrum Analysis and the concept of Attractions, Amenities, Access, Ancillary to see tourism potential. The research methodology used is Qualitative Description with the methods of collecting observation data, documentation studies and in-depth interviews. Tourism development in the Pelang Regional Tourism Destinations based on regional tourism development planning is included in the concept of natural tourism development with collaborative management between stakeholders, but in the current development implementation when viewed from the Recreation Opportunity Spectrum analysis there is no clear management system and the Pelang Tourism Destinations are classified as the characteristics of semi-primitive areas have not paid attention to aspects of appropriate land use functions, especially in the development of tourism supporting infrastructure.

In the context of globalized processes, the importance of the sustainable development concept in solving the problems of local tourism systems development is growing. Unprecedented challenges caused by the COVID-19 crisis in the tourism sector, on the one hand, questioned the possibility of fulfilling the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the goals of sustainable tourism. On the other hand, they emphasized the need for balance between three pillars of sustainability, both as an urgency tool to cope with the pandemic crisis and as a solid basis for long-term development in the post-pandemic period. The study presented in the paper discusses sustainability issues in rural tourism as one of the most promising sectors for the development of domestic tourism on the example of the Russian tourism industry. The overall goal of the study initiated in the pre-pandemic period is to find ways to support sustainable rural tourism in Russian regions and to develop indicators for monitoring the effectiveness of local strategic development programs, taking into account national and regional specifics. This paper discusses intermediate results obtained with the adjustment for pandemic challenges. The authors combined a number of methods and techniques, namely desk research, statistical analysis, and analysis of empirical data obtained by means of in-depth interviews, as well as a survey using a formal questionnaire. The results confirm that Russian enterprises and local communities considered the three pillars of sustainability as important to develop tourism in rural destinations both in the pre-pandemic period and in times of challenges caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. At the same time, the findings show weaknesses in the federal and local policy, including the lack of systemic measures to improve the sustainable management of Russian tourism destinations. From the authors’ point of view, it makes sense to adapt the European tourism indicator system for sustainable destinations (ETIS) for local peculiarities. ETIS is a useful tool to boost the sustainable development of rural destinations by encouraging stakeholder engagement and monitoring processes. In the case of Russia, one needs to add indicators for monitoring the effectiveness of the implementation of strategic development programs in the field of tourism.

Over the last years, we observed an exponential growth in the number of tourism consumers that use the Internet as a source of information during a destination selection process. This process usually starts in a search engine, more specifically and likely on Google. Google Trends is a tool that displays data on the interest of people in a particular topic based on search trends. This data can probably be used by tourism organisations to help perform intelligent decision making, since it is available almost in real time and much earlier than the official statistical data. Indeed, this paper demonstrates that Google Trends is a tool that can provide useful and relevant information about the interests of individuals in relation to domestic tourism destinations at national and regional levels, and is focused on Google-search data regarding mainland Portugal and its tourism regions: North, Centre, Alentejo and Algarve. Our findings indicate that overnights spent in hotel establishments by the residents in Portugal are strongly correlated with the Google index, mainly in mainland Portugal, Alentejo and Algarve regions, and that the results improve when more municipalities names and the national or the regional tourism brands are included as search terms.

Actuality. The tourism sector in the Republic of Moldova is growing in the context of a rather difficult period due to the economic and pandemic crises. This fact is due to the role of central and local authorities on sustainable development policies and strategies that have been and are being implemented for the development of tourism in the Republic of Moldova. Various forms of tourism can be practiced on the territory of the country, which, capitalized and supported by central and local authorities, can become the business card of domestic tourist destinations. One of these forms is sports tourism, which in recent years has acquired a special connotation, being more and more popular and with a significant increase. In this context, the central and local authorities collaborate in the perspective of the development of this form of tourism which, as demonstrated by the last sports events organized by the Republic of Moldova, are able to attract many athletes who are accompanied by both technical staff and microbiologists or close people that support them in their developments, a phenomenon that assumes that all those mentioned will use a range of tourist services on the territory of the Republic of Moldova (accommodation, food, transport, excursions, etc.), which will ensure their temporary stay in the area where the sporting event takes place . Purpose. Examining the contribution of central and local authorities in the sustainable development of sports tourism. Research methods. In order to carry out the study, there were applied methods that ensured the achievement of the established objectives, among them can be listed: the analysis of the specialized scientific-methodical literature, observation, methods of processing and quantitative and qualitative analysis of statistical data. Findings and results. The development of sports tourism can have a sustainable aspect if it is based on both economic and social and environmental objectives. Since sustainable development is a fundamental objective of the European Union, it must also be addressed in the field of sports tourism, and this fact is achieved by the central public authorities through the development of strategies for the development of the tourism sector, namely the Tourism Development Strategy in the Republic of Moldova between 2003 -2015, Tourism Development Strategy "Tourism 2020", National Tourism Development Program "Tourism 2026". All of them have a special role in the development of sports tourism, at each stage of this form of tourism being given a certain status and connotation depending on the developments on the international tourist market. In recent years, tourism at the local level has received significant attention from central and local authorities, the reason being the stimulation of the attractiveness of tourist destinations at the community level that can become a source of income for local budgets. In this context, at the local level, the authorities through various mechanisms try to develop the tourism sector depending on the existing tourism potential, the available infrastructure, but also within the limits of the existing financial sources. This fact required the creation of tourism development strategies, or sustainable, socio-economic and integrated development strategies in which a separate segment is dedicated to the tourism and sports sectors at district level, which set priorities for the development of various forms of tourism, including sports, as a form of tourism that can ensure the development of local communities, by: creating jobs, developing small and medium enterprises, etc. At the same time, they include a series of actions for the valorization of sports tourism, which are mostly focused on: the development of sports infrastructure, the promotion of tourism forms including sports, the holding of sports events, etc. According to the World Tourism Organization (WTO), sporting events can be a catalyst for tourism development if they are successfully exploited in terms of destination branding, infrastructure development and other economic and social benefits. In the Republic of Moldova, in recent years, more attention has been paid to the development of the appropriate infrastructure to ensure the holding of sports events, but also the practice of various sports events, but there are still great reservations in this regard, especially since this is mainly in the capital and less at the regional or local level, and the development of sports tourism is not possible without a technical-material base and tourist destinations prepared for such a tourism form. In the last five years in the Republic of Moldova there has been an increase in sports buildings, and an example is the construction of the "Chisinau Arena" complex, which has already hosted a series of events attended by hundreds of athletes and spectators, and an eloquent one was the Championship European weightlifting among young people that brought together 346 athletes, but also members of their technical staff, as well as supporters. However, at the regional level, the local authorities try to develop this form of tourism within the limits of financial possibilities, by creating the necessary infrastructure that meets international requirements to be able to organize sports events that attract both athletes and their teams, as well as tourists who are interested in sports activities during their travels, regardless of whether sports is the main purpose of it. In addition to the precarious economic situation at the national level and at the regional level, in the last five years, the sports edifices register both slight increases in some structures and decreases in certain regional areas, a fact that highlights that the sports tourism sector is stagnant and does not contribute significantly to the development of local destinations. Conclusions and recommendations. As a result of the research carried out regarding the role of the central and local authorities in the Republic of Moldova in the sustainable development of sports tourism, it can be mentioned that they have elaborated development strategies, which assume the valorization of sports tourism for the economic development of local communities. In recent years, they have been reviewed and adapted to international requirements, and this fact is starting to bring economic benefits to the destination where the sports events take place (example: the European Weightlifting Championship in 2023). At the same time, at the local level, the authorities have well-established directions until 2026 regarding the development of sports tourism and its forms, such as: nautical tourism, aero tourism, mountaineering, etc. Not following the directions drawn, sports buildings at the national level do not register a significant improvement, and this fact endangers the development of sports tourism. Thus, it is recommended to develop a concept for the development of this form of tourism with an emphasis on the initial development of the areas where this form of tourism has real chances of development.

The tourism development of Bantul Regency is planned based on the Bantul Regency Regional Regulation Number 11 of 2020 concerning Amendments to the Bantul Regency's Regional Regulation Number 18 of 2015 concerning the 2015-2025 Regional Tourism Development Master Plan. The rapid development of tourism in the South Coast Region of Bantul Regency is certainly very helpful in increasing regional original income and can also improve the community's economy. One of the important things in tourism development and development is the management system of a tourism destination. Based on the Regional Regulation of Bantul Regency Number 18 of 2015 concerning the Master Plan of Regional Tourism Development for 2015-2025, Bantul Regency has 5 (five) Regional Tourism Destinations (DPD), one of which is DPD Segoro Kidul which has tourism potential that can be developed. With this potential, there must be good management so that the existing tourist attraction components can be used as tourism support. Components of tourist attraction and management of tourist attractions by using the concept of a tourist attraction component (4A) which includes attraction (tourist attractions), accessibilities (access), aminities (facilities), and ancillary service (institutional). The method used in this study uses a qualitative approach. Data collection techniques were carried out by direct interviews, observation, and documentation. Identification of the management of tourist destinations in DPD Segoro Kidul with three stages, namely reducing data, presenting data and drawing conclusions. The results of this study indicate that component 4A has been realized in this area to be used as tourism products and supporting facilities in tourism processing in DPD Segoro Kidul. Coastal tourism destinations are still the leading product in this area, accessibility and amenities are also one of the factors that affect connectivity between tourism destinations, and stakeholder involvement is still an important actor in the management of a tourist destination

Recently, win-win cooperation between regions is required to strengthen regional competitiveness and solve regional problems, and regional tourism cooperation is a representative area of attention. The purpose of this study was to derive the strategic direction and strategic task for win-win cooperation required for revitalization of local tourism, and to analyze the strategic task priority. As a research method, in-depth interviews were conducted with stakeholders related to regional tourism cooperation, and based on the analyzed contents, a survey was conducted with local tourism-related experts. In order to derive the priority of strategic tasks for win-win cooperation in regional tourism by using the collected questionnaire data, the priorities were derived using necessity-feasibility as a standard variable, and based on this, a strategic task matrix analysis was conducted. As a result of the analysis, the strategic tasks for regional tourism win-win cooperation were derived as four core tasks, three short-term tasks, four mid-to-long-term tasks, and five optional tasks. Based on the results of this study, meaningful policy implications for promoting win-win cooperation in regional tourism were presented.

The tourism industry that has developed in several constituent entities of the Russian Federation in the last three years contributed to the growing interest in its architecture. The article identifies the driving force behind change in the structure of the industry in the “new” tourism regions. The methodological basis of the study combines institutional theory (principally, the theory of transaction costs underlying the counterparties coordination mechanisms) and the concept of tourism product. The research methods of comparative analysis and in-depth interviewing were applied. The empirical data were retrieved from 29 interviews with representatives of the tourism business conducted between October, 2021 and November, 2022 in three constituent entities of the RF. The study demonstrates that the hybrid coordination mechanisms are most common in the “new” tourism regions. For instance, in Dagestan, the tourism product is created within vertical networks that unite partners at different stages of the value chain, while the selection of counterparties and the exchange of resources for this product to be produced take place within horizontal networks that enhance the efficiency of the industry. At the same time, as the tourist flow intensifies, there emerge some trends towards hierarchization (dealing with contractors as part of the firm) and a decrease in the role of horizontal networks in the functioning of the industry. Based on the results obtained, we can conclude that the process of hierarchization will be continued, while the potential associated with entrepreneurial networks is not used actively enough by both the business itself and the state.