Vendor-Interoperable Elastic Optical Interfaces: Standards, Experiments, and Challenges [Invited

Gaussian noise models have become increasingly popular as a canonical type of model in which to address certain statistical problems. We briefly review some statistical problems formulated in terms of Gaussian white noise, and pursue a particular group of problems connected with the estimation of monotone functions. These new results are related to the recent development of likelihood ratio tests for monotone functions studied by [2]. We conclude with some open problems connected with multivariate interval censoring.

The national project of the development technology of next generation applied electromagnetic machinery was founded in Oita as Oita Prefecture Innovative JST (Japan Science and Technology Agency) Research Program. In this paper, outline of this project is introduced and the basic technology which is based on vector magnetic property is described. Especially the vector magnetic properties in high flux density level of 1.9 T are shown. As the example results, the dynamic vector magnetic characteristic is applied to the surface permanent magnet motor.

A major stage of radio interferometric data processing is calibration or the estimation of systematic errors in the data and the correction for such errors. A stochastic error (noise) model is assumed, and in most cases, this underlying model is assumed to be Gaussian. However, outliers in the data due to interference or due to errors in the sky model would have adverse effects on processing based on a Gaussian noise model. Most of the shortcomings of calibration such as the loss in flux or coherence, and the appearance of spurious sources, could be attributed to the deviations of the underlying noise model. In this paper, we propose to improve the robustness of calibration by using a noise model based on Student's t-distribution. Student's t-noise is a special case of Gaussian noise when the variance is unknown. Unlike Gaussian-noise-model-based calibration, traditional least-squares minimization would not directly extend to a case when we have a Student's t-noise model. Therefore, we use a variant of the expectation-maximization algorithm, called the expectation-conditional maximization either algorithm, when we have a Student's t-noise model and use the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm in the maximization step. We give simulation results to show the robustness of the proposed calibration method as opposed to traditional Gaussian-noise-model-based calibration, especially in preserving the flux of weaker sources that are not included in the calibration model.

The authors focus on the robust 3D-3D single and multiple pose estimation problems. The robust 3D-3D single pose estimation problem was formulated by R. M. Haralick et al. (1989) as a general regression in terms of a contaminated Gaussian error noise model. The robust 3D-3D multiple pose estimation problem appears much more difficult. This problem is formulated as a series of general regressions involving successively decreasing data size, with each regression related to one particular pose of interest. Since the first few regressions may carry a highly contaminated Gaussian error noise model, a very robust estimator called the MF-estimator, given by X. Zhuang et al. (1992), is used to solve each regression for each desired pose estimation. Computer experiments with real imagery and simulated data were conducted and results are promising. >

Using the nonlinear Fourier transform, one can transform a time-domain fibre channel (characterised by the nonlinear Schrödinger equation) into multiple parallel independent channels. Exploiting this property, nonlinear frequency division multiplexing (NFDM) was proposed [1]. Such an NFT-based transmission approach has prompted the study of the channel noise (on the eigenvalues and spectral amplitudes) in the (nonlinear) spectral domain. In this paper, we propose a consistent noise model for the evolution of an eigenvalue. Then, following the approach in [2], we develop a Gaussian noise model for a spectral amplitude (assuming its perturbation is largely due to the perturbation in the eigenvalue).

The Expectation Maximization algorithm is a powerful probabilistic tool for brain tissue segmentation. The framework is based on the Gaussian mixture model in MRI, and employs a probabilistic brain atlas as a prior to produce a segmentation of white matter, grey matter and cerebro-spinal fluid (CSF). However, several artifacts can alter the segmentation process. For example, CSF is not a well defined class because of the large quantity of voxels affected by the partial volume effect which alters segmentation results and volume computation. In this study, we show that ignoring vessel segmentation when handling partial volume effect can also lead to false results, more specifically to an over-estimation of the CSF variance in the intensity space. We also propose a more versatile method to improve tissue classification, without a requirement of any outlier class, so that brain tissues, especially the cerebro-spinal fluid, follows the Gaussian noise model in MRI correctly.KeywordsGrey MatterGaussian Mixture ModelGaussian Probability Density FunctionJoint HistogramPure ClassisThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.

Copper pillar is a transformative technology for next generation 2.5D/3D packaging. Fine-pitch copper pillar bumps have replaced conventional flip chip solder bumps when the need for extremely low profile, high connectivity interconnect is required. Cu pillar Flip-Chip is expected to grow at a 35% CAGR between 2010 - 2018 in terms of wafer count. It will be a key interconnect technology in future semiconductor packages. However, it is not just copper deposition into vias, but also needs high speed trough-mask wafer plating, high uniform bump height, flat bump shape, good surface morphology and electric reliability. Copper deposition in microvias is effected by electric field which is photoresist shielding causing “current distribution”. A bump center has higher current density than peripheries, so the shape will become convex. The inner microvia flow field is another factor which causes higher copper ion concentration at center and forms a domed bump. Although, these two factors will cause a convex bump shape, additives can influence the electroplating behaviors. Commercial additives can let bump shape become very flat, but it needs stable flow system and small dosage windows. CUPUR U is a unique package which can control bump shape by one additive concentration. It can selectively inhibit the bump center current distribution, let domed bump shape becomes flat, even dimple or dish shape. This property is not only controlling bump shape, but also improve the uniformity. They can be used in high flow system, high current density (> 20 ASD) and wide dosage windows in copper sulfate system. The package can be used on other BEOL application, such as micro-bump, RDL, UBM at high speed plating.

The overall growing trend towards electrification and, at the same time, the urgent need to minimize energy consumption strongly requires higher energy efficiency in power electronics. We present a new technology concept for next generation 1200 V IGBTs with vastly reduced overall power losses using an optimized micro-pattern trench (MPT) cell design with sub-micron mesas. Further important parameters relevant for inverters driving electrical machines were optimized, including turn-off softness, dv/dt-controllability, and short circuit capability, providing a right-fit solution to customer requirements.

Summary form only given. The presentation will review the state of the art of InP-HBT-Technology, both on a device and circuit level, by outstanding examples of InP-HBT-technology achievements. In particular we will also focus on the role of this technology for next generation of >10 Gb/s Lightwave Communication Electronics. Finally we address future topics of HBT-research, including improved base-materials and doping techniques, enhanced functionality of RTD-HBTs or more speculative approaches, such as transferred substrate technology, all targeted ultimately to circuits capable of signal processing toward 100 Gb/s.

Modelling and optimum design of a fine actuator for optical heads

Cloud computing is the technology of next generation which combines everything into one. In Cloud computing a large number of cloud users can request a number of cloud services at the same time. So there must be a way in which all the resources are made available to the requesting user in a good manner to satisfy their needs. The mechanism of allocating available resources to the needed cloud applications through the internet is called Resource Allocation. Resource Allocation when done in conjunction with user annotations as introduced in this paper can reduce the cost incurred for a user and hence it can attract more cloud users in future. User annotations like cost, deadline can be used. Users are allowed to submit the parameters during job submission. The user inserted parameters will then be considered while allocating resources to them. The main purpose of this paper is to increase information sharing among Cloud Users and Cloud Providers and thus provide benefits to users in terms of the user annotated parameters.

According to smart phone application trend, in nowadays, the application processor of the smart phone with higher performance and power efficiency that will be required. Therefore, in this study, it reports the development of alternative current PoP (package-on-package) structure with routable substrate interposer for stacking solution. Interposer will be alternative PoP for wide I/O approach, and the package can be directly connected with high I/O counts memory by interposer as the transmission medium to achieve the product requirement and will be the next generation PoP structure. However, the key challenge of the thin interposer and substrate are how to overcome the large war-page by thermal bonding process effect. Hence, in this research, thermal compressing bond was chosen to decrease the thermal war-page effect. According to the crosssection photo, it shows that the solder joint clearly forms a good joint shape of the interposer and bottom flip chip substrate. And there are without any shift, crack or non-wetting observed. The results clearly indicate successful formation of the solder joints through the adoption of using thermal compress bond processes. Furthermore, thermal compressing bond technology is also proven for ultra fine pitch flip chip thin package process application [1] and well controlled the war-page effect.

The national project of the development technology of next generation applied electromagnetic machinery was founded in Oita as Oita Prefecture Innovative JST (Japan Science and Technology Agency) Research Program. In this paper, outline of this project is introduced and the basic technology which is based on vector magnetic property is described. Especially the vector magnetic properties in high flux density level of 1.9 T are shown. As the example results, the dynamic vector magnetic characteristic is applied to the surface permanent magnet motor.

Chapter 3 “Technology and Alienation” explores the downsides and potential alienating effects of immersion in a high-tech world, as well as possibilities for dis-alienation and empowerment. The developing countries are currently undergoing a perhaps unprecedented technological revolution that has given new credence and life to the concept of alienation after a period of relative decline in which Marxian, existentialist, and other modern discourses were replaced with postmodern perspectives skeptical or critical of the concept of alienation. In this paper, I want to suggest that digital information and communication technologies and the restructuring of global capitalism require us to rethink the problematics of technology and alienation. If it is true that we are undergoing a Great Transformation, one of the epochal shifts within the history of capitalism, that digital technologies and social media are taking us into a novel field of cultural experience, and that the very nature of human identity and social relations are changing, then obviously we need to develop fresh theories to analyze these changes and politics to respond to them

The forecasting model based on modified SVRM and PSO penalizing Gaussian noise