Video encoding in the spectrum-compatible HDTV system

Three-dimensional vision with improved depth perception and spatial orientation has already proved its superiority to the two-dimensional vision in endoscopic surgery. However, those benefits remain unidentified in cardiac surgery. For the first time, we compare performance of a three-dimensional high-definition video system with a two-dimensional high-definition video system in patients undergoing totally endoscopic mitral valve replacement. We enrolled 90 patients with mitral valve disease in a single institution, from June 2013 to June 2016. Totally endoscopic mitral valve replacement was performed by the same surgeon using either a three-dimensional high-definition (n=43) or a two-dimensional high-definition (n=47) video system with the same surgical technique. Short-term outcomes were compared between the two groups. All medical records were retrieved from a prospectively maintained database of minimally invasive cardiac surgery. All surgeries were successfully completed under totally endoscopic guidance. There were no intraoperative complications in either group. The use of three-dimensional video system reduced aortic cross-clamp time by approximately 10% (3D vs. 2D: 65.74±14.32 vs. 72.67±14.67 min, P=0.027). No significant differences were observed in cardiopulmonary bypass time, postoperative ventilation duration, length of surgical intensive care unit stay, length of hospital stay, and major complications between the two groups. There were no perioperative deaths in either group. Compared with the two-dimensional video system, the three-dimensional high-definition video system provided a better surgical experience with the same operative safety for totally endoscopic mitral valve replacement.

The high definition television (HDTV) system is introduced to microneurosurgery. Five cases with intracranial lesions: three cerebral aneurysms (giant aneurysms of the anterior communicating artery and internal carotid artery, aneurysm of the basilar artery), one acoustic neurinoma and one skull base meningioma, were operated on under the microscope using the HDTV system. The surgical procedures of each case were relayed and recorded by the system. In two of the five cases, we used two sets of HDTV system to produce stereoscopic projection. The HDTV system provided us with images of superior quality with a distinctly greater resolution than ordinary video systems.

The High-Definition television (HDTV) system onboard the Japanese lunar explorer Kaguya (SELENE) consists of a telephotographic camera and a wide-angle camera that each have 2.2 M-pixel IT-CCDs (interline transfer charge-coupled devices) and LSIs (large-scale integrated circuits) of the several-million-gates class. One minute-long motion pictures acquired by the HDTV system at 30 fps (frames per second) are recorded in a 1 GB semiconductor memory after compression, and then transmitted to a ground station. In the development of the space-going HDTV system, a commercial ground-model HDTV system was extensively modified and evaluated for its suitability to withstand the harsh environment of space through environmental tests. The HDTV acquired a total of 6.3 TB of movies and still images of the Earth and the Moon over the mission period that started on September 29, 2007, and ended on June 11, 2009. Footage of an “Earth-rise” and an “Earth-set” on the lunar horizon were captured for the first time by the HDTV system. During a lunar eclipse, images of the Earth’s “diamond ring” were acquired for the first time. The CCDs and the instruments used in the system remained in good working order throughout the mission period, despite the harsh space environment, which suggests a potential new approach to the development of instruments for use in space.

Terrestrial broadcast television in the United States has remained essentially unchanged in the last fifty years except for the addition of color and stereo sound. Today, personal computers are addressing the need for random access of high resolution images and CD quality audio. Furthermore, advances in digital video compression and digital communication technology have cleared the way toward offering high resolution video and audio services to consumers using traditional analog communications channels. In 1987, the U.S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC) chartered an advisory committee to recommend an advanced television system for the United States. From 1990 to 1992, the Advanced Television Test Center (ATTC) tested four all-digital systems, one analog High Definition Television (HDTV) system, and one enhancement NTSC system using broadcast and cable television environment simulators. The formation of the HDTV Grand Alliance in May of 1993 resulted from the withdrawal of the only analog HDTV system from the competition and a stalemate between the other four all-digital systems. The HDTV Grand Alliance system is composed of the best components from previously competing digital systems demonstrated to the FCC. Moving Pictures Experts Group (MPEG-2) syntax is used with novel encoding techniques to deliver a set of video scanning formats for a variety of applications. This paper describes the important features and concepts embodied in the HDTV Grand Alliance system.

HD video data is visible in the real-time compression processing is one of the key technologies, The current video compression codec hardware platform mainly includes: ASIC, DSP and SoC. These three kinds of SOC chips have become the mainstream of the codec chip market because of their low cost, low power consumption and high integration. According to Da Vinci of TI processor TMS320DM368 as the core architecture, The hardware system of high definition video compression processing based on embedded technology is designed, which includes video input ISIF interface module, communication module, core processor module, peripheral circuit module and power module. This system supports 1080P30 HD video capture hardware frame, H.264 encoding compression and local storage, can be widely used in industrial control, medical, aerospace and other industries, has important application value in engineering.

Efficient content-based search and retrieval of video databases has become an important industrial and consumer application due to rapid proliferation of compressed digital video data on the Internet and corporate Intranets, and due to the launch of high definition television (HDTV) broadcasts in 1998. We have developed the first HDTV video content management system that automatically analyzes motion occurring in MPEG-2 encoded videos within the compressed domain itself. Our system produces descriptors characterizing the global motion in videos for content retrieval and repurposing applications in a digital television studio. These motion-direction and magnitude based video labels can be directly, incorporated as annotation indexes into a database for querying, or used to construct higher level event descriptions of videos. Results from our ongoing experiments with tens of thousands of frames obtained from several MPEG-1,2 video streams of various genres demonstrate the good performance of our annotation system in terms of motion identification accuracy and computational efficiency.

The standard paradigm of video super-resolution (SR) is to generate the spatial-temporal coherent high-resolution (HR) sequence from the corresponding low-resolution (LR) version which has already been decoded from the bitstream. However, a highly practical while relatively under-studied way is enabling the built-in SR functionality in the decoder, in the sense that almost all videos are compactly represented. In this paper, we systematically investigate the SR of compressed LR videos by leveraging the interactivity between decoding prior and deep prior. By fully exploiting the compact video stream information, the proposed bitstream prior embedded SR framework achieves compressed video SR and quality enhancement simultaneously in a single feed-forward process. More specifically, we propose a motion vector guided multi-scale local attention module that explicitly exploits the temporal dependency and suppresses coding artifacts with substantially economized computational complexity. Moreover, a scale-wise deep residual-in-residual network is learned to reconstruct the SR frames from the multi-scale fused features. To facilitate the research of compressed video SR, we also build a large-scale dataset with compressed videos of diverse content, including ready-made diversified kinds of side information extracted from the bitstream. Both quantitative and qualitative evaluations show that our model achieves superior performance for compressed video SR, and offers competitive performance compared to the sequential combinations of the state-of-the-art methods for compressed video artifacts removal and SR.

In this paper, a video compression standard used in digital television systems is discussed. Basic concepts of video compression and principles of lossy and lossless compression are given. Techniques of video compression (intraframe and interframe compression), the type of frames and principles of the bit rate compression are discussed. Characteristics of standard-definition television (SDTV), high-definition television (HDTV) and ultra-high-definition television (UHDTV) are given. The principles of the MPEG-2, MPEG-4 and High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) compression standards are analyzed. Overview of basic standards of video compression and the impact of compression on the quality of TV images and the number of TV channels in the multiplexes of terrestrial and satellite digital TV transmission are shown. This work is divided into six sections.

Usually, it is difficult to perform compression in video files as it significantly affects the perceptible quality. This paper has reviewed various works of literature toward finding unique approaches to video compression to find that the existing techniques offer a sophisticated algorithm for implementation with less focus on the visual quality of the decoded contents. Hence, this paper presents a model that uses graph theory to perform video compression compatible with High-Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) standards of compression. By adoption of the Lagrangian theorem, the proposed algorithm finds the best solution for compression and offers better compression standards. The outcomes are compared with existing H.264 and existing research work to find that the proposed system excels better with respect to PSNR and bit rate and thereby offers better compatibility to compress High Definition (HD) videos.

This paper addresses the issue of HDTV and its applicability to the integrated services digital networks (ISDN). Ever since cable TV was introduced, the idea of interactive TV programming on the computer terminal for the consumer was the goal of the communication industry. Present analog TV transmission did not serve the purpose because it was incompatible with the digital signal. Bandwidth limitations of cable TV was also a problem and the resolution of the NTSC analog TV signal is lower than that of the present computer graphics. The HDTV development, being entirely digital, addresses all the above issues.

The authors propose an HDTV (high-definition television) transmission system design for an SDH (synchronous digital hierarchy)-based STM network. The proposed HDTV coding algorithms are based on subband coding; one uses subband DCT (discrete cosine transform) for HDTV distribution services, while the other uses subband DPCM (differential pulse code modulation) for HDTV contribution services. The network architecture is discussed in regard to providing broadband communication services such as HDTV transmission service upon the introduction of B-ISDN (broadband integrated services digital network) in the early 1990s. The authors also propose a method to compensate for degradation in video transmission systems, i.e., burst errors in STM networks and consecutive cell loss in ATM (asynchronous transfer mode) networks, using random error correcting codes and an interleave structure. An HDTV transmission experimental system using an SDH-based STM network is described. >

The architecture and implementation of the very-large-scale integrated (VLSI) video decoder subsystems in digital spectrum compatible high-definition television (DSC-HDTV) systems are discussed. The CMOS deformatter IC, which converts formatted data back to motion vectors, DCT coefficients, and coding parameters, and the motion compensator and inverse discrete transform IC, which reconstructs frames from the deformatter-decoded coefficients, are described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>

High-definition television (HDTV) systems are designed to be free of many of the artifacts that appear in NTSC transmissions. HDTV and enhanced-definition television (EDTV) systems that are compatible with NTSC can also be designed to be free of these artifacts. Signal processing used to maintain constant luminance and to eliminate cross color, cross luminance, interline flicker, and objectionable line structure is discussed.

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation William E. Glenn, Henry Helmken; Satellite distribution of digital compressed video audio and data. AIP Conf. Proc. 25 January 1995; 325 (1): 83–89. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.47256 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAIP Publishing PortfolioAIP Conference Proceedings Search Advanced Search |Citation Search

A copy protection (CP) system is proposed for transmission of high-definition (HD) baseband video signals among consumer electronic (CE) products in the home. An encryption technique adds fluctuating pseudo-random amplitude-offsets to the components of the video signal to be protected, thereby disrupting the entertainment value of intercepted signals. The decryption technique subtracts equivalent offsets regenerated by legitimate receiving devices, thereby restoring the signal. The value of each offset remains constant for the duration of each horizontal scan line so that simple analog voltage summing/differencing circuits can be used for encryption/decryption of analog video signals. The same simple encryption/decryption algorithms can be used for digital implementations to protect digital transmission. Arguments are presented regarding why a CP system for baseband HD video is needed to ensure forward compatible access to premium content by emerging categories of HD-capable CE products. Prototype hardware implementing the analog encryption/decryption techniques has been successfully demonstrated.