Virtual market implementation using global system for mobile communications (GSM)

This paper discusses the Design and Implementation of a short message service (SMS) Based Home Automation system. In this work, an Arduino Uno board featuring an Atmega 328P Microprocessor is used. Other hardware components used are: Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) SIM900 module, a regulated 12V and 5Vpower supply unit, a relay board, a ULN2003 relay driver I.C, and a 16x2 LCD display unit. The software components involve the Arduino Software and the driver for the GSM SIM900 Module. The appropriate drivers were installed for the boards while the necessary libraries were included on to codes using the Arduino Integrated Development Environment (IDE). The 12V power supply from the power supply unit feeds the GSM Module and the relay board. The RXD pin of the SIM900 Module is connected to the TXD terminal of the Uno board. The TXD pin of the Sim900 is connected to the RXD terminal of the Uno board. The 5V power supply goes to the Arduino Uno. Thereafter, the Uno board is connected to the laptop for inclusion of appropriate libraries. Codes are uploaded and an ETISALAT Sim Card is inserted in to the GSM Module. The digital pins are configured to drive the relay board. The output terminals of the relays are set to drive the required loads in the home. The system was used to drive a 40 watts Energy saving bulb and a standing fan. It was very fast to switch on the lamp due to the strength of the Etisalat network in my office. The efficiency and reliability of the system is network dependent. Most interesting is that the lamp could be switched on or off from anywhere within the country. Keywords: Arduino Uno Board; Atmega382P Microcontroller; GSM Module; SIM900; Integrated Development Environment

Short Message Service (SMS) has grown in popularity over the years and it has become a common way of communication. SMS is usually used to transport unclassified information, but with the rise of mobile commerce it has become a popular tool for transmitting sensitive information between the business and its clients. By default SMS does not guarantee confidentiality and integrity to the message content. Therefore SMS is not totally secure and reliable. The Short Messaging Service (SMS) is global wireless service that is used to send and receive the messages over Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM).There is no built –in procedure to authenticate and offer security for text transmitted over GSM network. The reason behind it is most of the applications for mobile devices are designed and developed without taking security into consideration. This paper describes all the existing security mechanisms in SMS and security shortfalls and various attacks on GSM networks which include Authentication, Encryption, Equipment Identification and Subscriber Identity Confidentiality, Denial of service Attacks, Brute force attack, Replay Attack as well as the manifestation of network vulnerabilities including SMS attacks, encryption attacks and security measures to prevent GSM network from these attacks. KeywordsShort message service security, mobile communication, Global System for Mobile Communication, Wireless Messaging API Short Message Service (SMS) can be defined as any text, voice, sound or image message sent over a public communications network, which can be stored in the network or in the recipient’s terminal equipment until it is collected by the recipient [1]. Although SMS was originally meant to notify users of their voicemail messages, it has now become a popular means of communication by individuals and businesses. Banks worldwide, including in South Africa, are using SMS to conduct some of their banking services [2]. For example, clients are able to query their bank balances via SMS. When sensitive information is exchanged using SMS, it is crucial to protect the content from eavesdroppers. By default, SMS content is sent over the Global System for Mobile communications (GSM) network in clear text form, or in a predictable format [3]. This allows an attacker with the right equipment to eavesdrop on the information that is being sent. Another problem with SMS is that the originating address (OA) field in the SMS header can be forged, thus allowing masquerading and replay attacks. Therefore SMS is not totally secure and cannot always be trusted. For example, there has been at least one case in the UK where SMS information has been abused by the operator employees [3]. SMS has become a popular wireless service throughout the world as it facilitates a user to be in touch with any mobile phone subscriber anywhere in the world, instantaneously and without any hassle [4].hence, it is important to prevent the SMS content from being illegally intercepted/interrupted by illegal sources as well as to ensure the origin of the message from the legitimate sender. Additionally, unencrypted SMS content during the transmission allows the mobile operator’s employee to read and modify the SMS content. Unfortunately, the SMS does not have any built in vetting procedure to authenticate the text or provide security for the data/text transmitted. All SMS facilities should incorporate some form of basic security mechanism in terms of confidentiality, integrity, authentication and non-repudiation of the messages before it can deemed suitable for use by the government, commercial and military services [5]. The Short Messaging Service, or SMS, is a bi-directional service to send text over wireless communication systems. It consists of a message that can be up to 160 alphanumeric characters in length. Though originally a GSM service, SMS messages are now a globally accepted service. The messages can be stored in that network until they are collected by the recipient’s terminal equipment II. SMS PACKET FORMAT An SMS packet contains a header and a payload (see Fig. 1). The header contains information that enables the cellular network to route the SMS message to the correct recipient. The originating address (the mobile phone number of the sender) is also included in the header. The payload is the message content that is displayed on the mobile handset. The size of the payload is 140 bytes, consisting of 160 seven-bit characters, or 140 eight-bit characters, depending on the Proc. of the Intl. Conf. on Advances in Computer Science and Electronics Engineering Editor In Chief Sahil Seth. Copyright © 2012 Universal Association of Computer and Electronics Engineers. All rights reserved. ISBN: 978-981-07-1403-1 doi:10.3850/978-981-07-1403-1 838

A vehicle tracking system is very useful for tracking the movement of a vehicle from any location at any time. An efficient vehicle tracking system is designed and implemented for tracking the movement of any equipped vehicle from any location at any time. The proposed system made good use of popular technology that combines a smartphone with an Arduino UNO. This easy to make and inexpensive compared to others. The designed in vehicle device works using Global Positioning System (GPS) and Global System for Mobile Communication(GSM) technology that is one of the most common ways for vehicle tracking. The device is embedded inside a vehicle those positions is to be determined and tracked in real time. A vehicle tracking system is an electronic device installed in a vehicle to enable the owner or a third party to track the vehicle's location. This paper proposed to design a vehicle tracking system that works using GPS and GSM technology, which would be the cheapest source of vehicle tracking and it would work as anti-theft system. It is an embedded system which is used for tracking and positioning of any vehicle by using Global Positioning System (GPS) and Global system for mobile communication (GSM). An Arduino UNO is used to control the GPS receiver and GSM module. The vehicle tracking system uses the GPS module to get geographic coordinates at regular time interval. The GSM module is used to transmit and update the vehicle location to a database. This paper gives minute by minute update about vehicle location by sending SMS through GSM modem. This SMS contain latitude and longitude of the location of vehicle. Arduino UNO gets the coordinates from GPS modem and then it sends this information to user in text SMS. GSM modem is used to send this information via SMS sent to the owner of the vehicle. Location is displayed on LCD. And then Google map displays location and name of the place on cell phone. Thus, user able to continuously monitor a moving vehicle on demand using smartphone and determine the estimated distance and time for the vehicle to arrive at a given destination.

Motors are normally used for industrial control, automation and home electrical appliance. It spans everything from residential washing machines, fans, hand-held power tools, automotive window lift, traction control system, industrial drives and many more. Motor application is not completed without a control system. The inventions of microprocessor and microcontroller make the control system become easier. This control system is basically controlling the switch, speed, and direction of motor. Control signal is generated by a switch that is connected directly to the control circuit. In order to control and monitor the motor, user need to be at the place where the switch is located. In this system, mobile phone is used as a control switch. By sending text message using short message service (SMS) which is a part of the Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), control signal is sent wirelessly to the control circuit. By implementing GSM module on the control circuit of motor, it can enable the user to send text message that contain command from any mobile phone to that GSM module. The GSM module will receive the text command and send it to the microcontroller to be processed and converted into desired control signal. Controlling motor using SMS is really convenient and give mobility as the user is able to control and monitor the motor from anywhere as long as the places have coverage. Moreover, sending text message is considered very low cost and most of people have their own mobile phones and it already becomes one of the basic needs in life.

With the rapidly advancing technology of today, exchange of information and data is a very pertinent matter. The world has just recently witnessed the effects of information leakage through the issue of WikiLeaks. There are huge amounts of data being shared over different platforms nowadays. Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) is one of the most reliable platforms known to and used by almost all people in the world for text as well as voice communication. With the tools like Android Studio and NetBeans available, it is now possible to encrypt the text that has to be sent over the GSM, so that it can be decrypted at the other end of the communication path. However, the encryption and decryption of voice being transmitted over the GSM network still remains a question. In the domain of real time voice encryption, much of the work being carried out pertains to the voice being exchanged through the Internet Protocol. As compared to the Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP), voice over the GSM network has not seen much research work related to its security aspects. The purpose of this paper is to document the results of a project aimed at developing a platform for mobile phones in order to communicate over the GSM network in a secure manner. The most suitable method for achieving the above mentioned objective is to use an open source Operating System (OS), so that the source code is easily accessible and usable. In this paper, the Android OS will be under discussion, which is compatible with all the Android mobile phones. In this way, the maximum number of mobile phone users can be benefitted because Android cell phones are being widely used nowadays. The use of cryptographic algorithms for securing the voice communication over the GSM network is also a part of this paper. The work revolves around the Java programming language since the Android application development has been carried out in Java through the use of Android Studio. Also, NetBeans has been employed for developing algorithms for voice encryption

The increase in criminal activities has led to a growing demand for advanced smart home security solutions. Ensuring safety, especially when away from home, necessitates the integration of reliable, cost-effective security systems. This paper presents the design and implementation of a smart home security system that leverages an Arduino microcontroller and a GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) module. The primary objective of the system is to enhance home security by promptly notifying homeowners of unauthorized entry or motion. The system integrates an Arduino UNO microcontroller with a PIR (Passive Infra-Red) motion sensor and a GSM module. Upon detecting motion or unauthorized access, the system uses the GSM module to send alerts to the homeowner’s mobile phone, while simultaneously activating a buzzer and LED indicators. The solution is designed to be both affordable and accessible, utilizing basic, readily available components. This paper includes a detailed software implementation through Arduino programming and outlines the hardware configuration, including circuit diagrams and component specifications. The system’s reliability and performance in detecting intrusions are validated through various testing scenarios.

In present situation vehicle checking is huge trouble to the people with regard to license, insurance and RC book. It brings on traffic bother and also in toll gate system traffic jam occurs, time and fuel absorption is elongated. The automated toll accumulation system is very successful right now. This paper has to do with Automated Toll collection and Check-Post system using Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) and Global System for Mobile communications (GSM) module. The recognition is succeeded with the guidance of passive radio frequency. This project associate vehicle particulars like unique ID is saved in an RFID tag which is attached in the vehicle. After all the specifications are effectively observe through a computer, it can be saved on a data bank for cyclic gap as for time and date. Individual users clinch the unique ID for their vehicles. When the vehicle crosses the Toll-Plaza the reader reads the tag and the tax amount will be detected from their account balance by employing of RFID and GSM module. ATmega328 Arduino controller has to be associated with a GSM network which will capacitate a user to control the system by dispatching SMS or a forming a call and also avoid the stealing of vehicle.

Vehicle following device is a settled innovation in this advanced period of the technology which is utilized by armada framework and proprietor of a vehicle everywhere throughout the world. It is an extremely protected and dependable innovation. In this paper, a self-powered system is intended to track and screen any vehicle by utilizing Global Positioning System (GPS) and Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM). This device is fully powered by the waste heat of an automobile and that harvesting job is done by Thermoelectric Generator (TEG). A lot of systems are designed to achieve the goal for vehicle tracking and monitoring. As it needs a continuous operation, a huge amount of power is consumed to operate the device. This research will mitigate the cost of such a system by using power generated from wasted heat. PIC16F876A used as the processor with TEG, GPS and GSM module, Display, Heat Sensor, Crystal oscillator, Switching Transistor, and Voltage regulator. The location of the vehicle can be detected by GPS module and the user will get continuous notification of vehicles location by GSM module. This research will help vehicles owner to monitor his vehicle properly.

Objectives: To present a Smart Energy Meter (SEM) that reduces errors effectively while generating the electricity bill. Methods: This SEM confluence of modern technology and existing electrical architecture, yet it is a low-cost device suitable for the Indian environment. The proposed SEM is only incorporated with a current sensor and other associated circuitry. Findings: A quantitative comparison between our SEM and other existing SEMs revealed that the proposed SEM is superior in the economy, circuit complexity, and accuracy. With mere Indian Rupees (INR) around 3k to 3.5k, it can be designed to be used. There is no complex circuitry associated with this proposed SEM. The accuracy of the proposed SEM is also comparable with the existing meters that it could attain up to 0.7-0.9 % accuracy. Novelty: The proposed system deals with the digitalization of the billing process with the help of sensors that are used to calculate the usage time of each household device. Subsequently, it alerts the user about the consumed units using a GSM (Global System for Mobile Communication) module. An Advanced Reduced Instruction Set Computer Machine (ARM7) microcontroller continuously monitors the system, and the results can be viewed through a built-in Android App. A Wi-Fi module allows for continual data updates and control of home appliances. Achievements: The real-time solution for the overloading problem is provided in this research. Keywords: Smart Energy Meter, GSM module, Relay module, ARM7, Wi­Fi module

Disasters can be described as natural or man made events such that occurs unexpectedly and disrupting human life. Information services can be shortly described using computers with data processing methods. There are a lot of activities carried by help and rescue teams after disaster. These activities must be on an order and related to each other. Help and rescue activities has vital importance during first 8 and 36 hours depending on the type and the intensity of the disaster. In order to perform these vital activities efficiently, work order and priority determination might be evaluated. Information services help rescue teams on performing these type activities fast, reliable, and efficiently. There are a lot of computer aided rescue planning tools developed for the rescue operations after disaster in all over the world. These planning tools can vary depending on the disaster type, scale and geographical area. Functions of these disaster tools used for logistics and work planning can be classified according to their tasks. They also determine magnitude of the disaster for the current situation and for the future, related to the impact area of the disaster. Scale of the disaster affects the performance of the information activities directly. Many of the planning tools used today can vary depending on the scale of the disaster. Additionally depending on the primary and secondary effects of the disaster, it can produce various solutions. Studies that shows the importance of Information flow on after disaster help activities, illustrate that the information flow does not just take place on disaster region; it is necessary and important to have information flow to the other regions too. Today there are several kinds of tools to provide information flow. One of these tools is telephone systems which are known as Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM). There are different width-tapes of the communication frequencies on these –GSM- systems. The frequencies have channels for carrying sound, image and data. Via being able to carry sound, image and data separately or jointly makes easy to use different applications on GSM networks. The applications could be developed that are used immediately after disaster on these GSM networks which need short time for working. On Circuit Switched Data (CSD) lines that are used as data lines, the GSM Networks that work after any disaster could be used to rescue operations after disaster. In our study, it is recommended to flow of the computer data as GSM and Computer Data to two sides. In addition the examples that show the data standards about ‘which types and how flow of the datas must be’ would given. In the recommended application model, to carry data such as its priorities, kinds information between rescue coordination center and disaster rescue area would be defined.

Global System for Mobile communications (GSM) telephony has great impact in cellular communication technology because of its ability to accomodate more subscribers than the analog telephone. As a result, many calls are now on the network to seize the scarce radio resources available in GSM spectrum thereby leading to congestion most of the time. This work focuses on how the congestion experienced on the GSM network can be minimized. The voice call on the network is subclassifled into four classes namely special call (s v ), handoff call (h v ), retrial call (r v ) and new call (n v ). A level of priority was established among the classes so that the most urgent and important service will have access to the channel on the network by preempting the lower priority services when there is congestion and there is no free channel to communicate. The voice communications over the GSM network using the different classes of subscribers were analyzed with Markov chain's model. The steady state probabilities for voice services were derived using Multidimensional Erlang B. The blocking and dropping probabilities models for the different services were later developed. The impacts of priorities on different subscribers in the network were shown through the graphical display of the results. The work shows that the models used gave significant reduction in congestion when compared to the traditional Erlang-B model normally used to control congestion in GSM.

Mobile communication is one of the fastest growing sectors of the telecommunication industry. Mobile users can make and receive calls while they are moving independent of time, location and network access. The Global System for Mobile communication (GSM) is a pan-European digital cellular mobile system supporting widespread roaming and personal communication services (PCS) in a worldwide wireless communication network. However, wireless mobile systems are more vulnerable to fraudulent access and eavesdropping. Although the authentication process in GSM provides a reasonable security level it overloads the network with significant signaling traffic and increases the call set up time. The signaling load and the authentication delays are of particular importance and are becoming the subject of widespread research interest. We study and analyze the GSM privacy and authentication protocols, and propose a new authentication protocol with less signaling traffic and better call set up time, that can be used in GSM networks.

The autonomous robotic glove is designed for paralysed patients, so they would be able to control several electrical appliances around them as well as send an alert message to a particular person. Developing countries are trying to abate the problems of these patients as they depend on others to control nearby appliances both in home and in hospital. In this research we proposed a solution by development & implementation of robotic glove. The research implementation consists of two parts. First part is transmitter and second part is receiver. Transmitter part mainly consists of flex sensors, Arduino uno and HC-11. Flex sensors are used to convert finger movements into different voltage levels, while Arduino is used to read this information from flex sensors and convey it to arduino mega on receiving end as programed by predefined gestures. HC-11 is a serial wireless communication transceiver module which is used to transmit information from Arduino uno to arduino mega on receiving side. Receiver side consist of HC-11, arduino mega, Global system for mobile communication (GSM) module, Optocoupler and Triac. Arduino-Mega is used to read the received information and perform action accordingly. On this side we have different electrical appliances which are controlled by hand gestures of patients as well as GSM module which is used to send different messages to associated person. Opto-coupler is used to isolate low power receiving circuit from high power load circuit. Triac is used for switching of AC supply. It is portable, requires low operating power on a single lithium-ion rechargeable battery and having less weight thus user friendly and affordable.

A tumour is any unwanted growth of tissues in any part of the body. About 50% of the people affected by primary brain tumour die each year. The foremost aim of this paper is to put forth a method that not only identifies the tumour affected area in brain, but also indicates its stage and sends notification by means of messages and mails to the concerned people (relatives, guardian, friends or even the patient itself, if needed). Here MRI (Medical Resonance Imaging) images are used to detect the tumour affected brain region by SVM (Support Vector Machine) algorithm. The software output has been simulated using MATLAB software. Furthermore GSM (Global System for Mobile communication) is used to send messages and mails to the concerned people. The final extracted image will be sent through mail. The medications to be taken by the patient will be sent through messages (SMS). The entire procedure includes, pre-processing (RGB to gray conversion and noise removal) of the input image, feature extraction, Localization of tumour, Morphological operations (dilation and erosion), segmentation and finally information sharing using UART and GSM module

Abstract: This paper presents a system to monitor the transport facility of school children. In the present time due to the increase in cases of kidnapping and road accidents, there is always a concern for the parents regarding the travel safety of the school children. This system is proposed to improve safety measures and prevents such cases. This system is used to enhance monitor pick up/ drop off of school children from home to school and vice versa. The proposed system has an advantage of SMS based solution to aid parents to track their children location in real time. This system consists of Arduino Uno which is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega328. It is the main functional unit of this system as it has 14 input /output pins and all other components are connected to these pins. For the identification purpose of each child, RFID tags are used. RFID tags stores unique digital identity codes that can be scanned from a distance and as well as capture the signal to the RFID reader. Whenever a child boards/deboard from the bus a message is sent to the registered number of the guardian/parents via GSM module. Keyword: GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications), RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) Cite this Article Shreya Sinha, Megha Saxena, Atul Singh, Nitin Verma. Security System for School Children using Arduino. Journal of Microcontroller Engineering and Applications. 2019; 6(1): 12–16p.