WebAssembly versus JavaScript: Energy and Runtime Performance

Devices connect to a wireless local area network (WLAN) with Wi-Fi communication (see Chapter 7 (Wireless local area network)). A router connected to an Internet Service Provider (ISP), through a telephone line using DSL (Digital Subscriber Line) technology, provides access to the Internet (see Figure 8-1). The Internet is formed by interconnected computer networks using the Internet Protocol suite, consisting of the Transmission Control Protocol and the Internet Protocol (TCP/IP), to globally link devices. The World Wide Web (WWW) identifies information resources by URLs (Uniform Resource Locators). The client or web browser, such as Google Chrome or Mozilla Firefox, sends an HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol) request to the server device hosting the resource to retrieve information at the web address defined by the URL. The server responds to the client HTTP request, and the client displays the requested web page information on the Android tablet or mobile phone. The client must request web page information from the server, as the server cannot impose updates on the client. The exception is WebSocket, as discussed in Chapter 9.

Chapter 31 - Internet History (Web and Browser Caching)

The exponential growth in the use of web services and applications has increased the amount of personal information registered on websites and databases worldwide. Consequently, users are more exposed to vulnerability flaws and more subject to the impact of leaking this information. This article investigates how personal information is handled by three popular browsers: Internet Explorer, Mozilla Firefox and Google Chrome, by analyzing data collected in shared research laboratories. Through the analysis of data stored by browsers on a shared computer laboratory, we found a large number of cookies with important personal information, showing that these browsers can reveal more than the users would like.

With the ever-growing use of the Internet in our daily lives, an increase of potentially sensitive data being shared and accessed online is observed. Web apps and browsers are the main tools used by Internet users, so being able to guarantee secure browsing is a key point. In this context, this paper explores key aspects of web security and privacy in two of the most widely used browsers worldwide - Google Chrome and Microsoft Edge, running in different operating systems - Windows and Linux. Whilst emulating a browsing routine of a common web user for navigating through heterogeneous services, the aim is to verify if the content being shared online is properly secure. For this purpose, a comparative analysis based on collected web-browsing traffic, protocols in use, cookies and related policies is carried out, being the main browsers’ vulnerabilities identified and discussed.

Web browser has become a widely used platform for connecting and interacting people or organization with cyberspace.By using the web browser, we can share all the information, and now we can make transaction and pay our bills online.To users, they have to be careful when using internet and web browser to make all the transactions involved money as we know there are some vulnerabilities appear in web browser.This paper provides the discussion of the vulnerabilities appear in Firefox and Internet Explorer browser.It begins by providing an overview of web browser and describes what it is, how it is works, most popular web browser and common vulnerabilities found in web browser that can be used by hackers to attack the system.The paper then proposes some countermeasures to prevent the web browser from cyber attack.

Background and Objectives: A new generation of software emerged with mobile devices, cloud computing and the web. New usages come with new security threats, and a new generation of malware (malicious software) is emerging as well. Recent security reports show that these malware are on the increase. The goal of this project is to evaluate the risk of exposure to malware in popular app ecosystems such as Apple iOS, Google Android, Facebook, Google App Engine, Mozilla Firefox and Google Chrome. Methods: Eight students from Carnegie Mellon Qatar participated in this project. Each looked at a specific technology (either iOS, Android, Facebook, Google App, Mozilla Firefox or Google Chrome). The researchers learned how to develop applications and, as proof of concept, developed several malware apps that were able to steal user's personal information. One collects logins, passwords and credit card numbers from user's Gmail. One collects user's private information on Facebook and propagates through the victim's friends. One records the "clicking" passwords that users enter on online banking websites. One records keystrokes made on the computer without being detected by existing antivirus. One is an Android app that records people conversations while the phone is on standby mode. Results: Based on these experiments, we were able to assess the risks and analyze the security issues of these popular apps that we use everyday. These preliminary results were presented at 6th INTERPOL's Group meeting-MENA Region conference in Doha (March 22nd). We plan to publish the scientific results during the Fall of 2012. As future work, the security expertise gained during this project will allow us to design new security tools to protect users against these new kinds of malware. Conclusion: Qatar offers many services related to e-government, e-business, e-education and e-health through web portals and mobile applications. Deploying such a global infrastructure requires a strong security assurance. This project contributes to this vision by developing a local expertise on cyber security.

Web browsers are very commonly used softwares and the modern ones provide various interactive contents from World Wide Web (WWW). Browsers internally use JavaScript engines to offer these functionalities. Most of the websites specifies only the browser version as prerequisites but these browsers in turn depend on the underlying hardware. The benchmark tests performed on the popular browsers revealed the strength and weakness and its hardware dependency. It also calls for websites which provide complex contents to specified a recommended hardware

Google Chrome, one of the world's most popular web browsers, features an extension framework allowing third-party developers to enhance Chrome's functionality. Chrome extensions are distributed through the Chrome Web Store (CWS), a Google-operated online marketplace. In this paper, we describe how we developed and deployed three recommender systems for discovering relevant extensions in CWS, namely non-personalized recommendations, related extension recommendations, and personalized recommendations. Unlike most existing papers that focus on novel algorithms, this paper focuses on sharing practical experiences when building large-scale recommender systems under various real-world constraints, such as privacy constraints, data sparsity and skewness issues, and product design choices (e.g., user interface). We show how these constraints make standard approaches difficult to succeed in practice. We share success stories that turn negative live metrics to positive ones, including: 1) how we use interpretable neural models to bootstrap the systems, help identifying pipeline issues, and pave the way for more advanced models; 2) a new item-item based algorithm for related recommendations that works under highly skewed data distributions; and 3) how the previous two techniques can help bootstrapping the personalized recommendations, which significantly reduces development cycles and bypasses various real-world difficulties. All the explorations in this work are verified in live traffic on millions of users. We believe that the findings in this paper can help practitioners to build better large-scale recommender systems.

Web browser is the most commonly used software to access the Internet. Any vulnerability in a popular web browser will compromise the security and privacy of its users. With the increasing complexity of modern web browsers, the attack surface of web browser increased dramatically and more vulnerabilities were introduced.

A Novel Approach to HTML Page Creation Using Neural Network

There are two essential ingredients for collecting information from the Internet: 1) a World Wide Web (Web) browser, and 2) an Internet search engine. The two most widely used Web browsers are Microsoft's Internet Explorer and Netscape Communications Corporation's Navigator. There are, however, more than 120 browser software possibilities available. These browsers have been cataloged by Adrian Roselli and may be found at Evolt, a site that supports the exchange of Web design information. Web browsers are like brands of shoes; some fit better than others. By visiting Evolt, whose uniform resource locator (URL) is listed below, one might find a browser that works better. For example, some Internet users prefer Firefox (Figure 1) and Safari, because Web browsers have different efficiencies in displaying Internet information on different computer platforms. Figure 1 Search page from the Web browser known as Firefox. Image used with permission of Mozilla, parent of Firefox. For a free copy of Firefox, which operates on either Apple or IBM compatibles, visit http://www.mozilla.org. Evolt http://browsers.evolt.org/ As is the case with Web browsers, there are a number of Internet search engines. Each search engine has a variety of features that address different objectives for finding information from the Internet. The State University of New York at Albany has organized an excellent list of Internet search engines.

Chracer: Memory analysis of Chromium-based browsers

Garbage-collected language runtimes carefully tune heap limits to reduce garbage collection time and memory usage. However, there's a trade-off: a lower heap limit reduces memory use but increases garbage collection time. Classic methods for setting heap limits include manually tuned heap limits and multiple-of-live-size rules of thumb, but it is not clear when one rule is better than another or how to compare them. We address this problem with a new framework where heap limits are set for multiple heaps at once. Our key insight is that every heap limit rule induces a particular allocation of memory across multiple processes, and this allocation can be sub-optimal. We use our framework to derive an optimal "square-root" heap limit rule, which minimizes total memory usage for any amount of total garbage collection time. Paradoxically, the square-root heap limit rule achieves this coordination without communication: it allocates memory optimally across multiple heaps without requiring any communication between those heaps. To demonstrate that this heap limit rule is effective, we prototype it for V8, the JavaScript runtime used in Google Chrome, Microsoft Edge, and other browsers, as well as in server-side frameworks like node.js and Deno. On real-world web pages, our prototype achieves reductions of approximately 16.0% of memory usage while keeping garbage collection time constant. On memory-intensive benchmarks, reductions of up to 30.0% of garbage collection time are possible with no change in total memory usage.

Purpose– This paper aims to report on research that tests the effectiveness of anti-phishing tools in detecting phishing attacks by conducting some real-time experiments using freshly hosted phishing sites. Almost all modern-day Web browsers and antivirus programs provide security indicators to mitigate the widespread problem of phishing on the Internet.Design/methodology/approach– The current work examines and evaluates the effectiveness of five popular Web browsers, two third-party phishing toolbar add-ons and seven popular antivirus programs in terms of their capability to detect locally hosted spoofed websites. The same tools have also been tested against fresh phishing sites hosted on Internet.Findings– The experiments yielded alarming results. Although the success rate against live phishing sites was encouraging, only 3 of the 14 tools tested could successfully detect a single spoofed website hosted locally.Originality/value– This work proposes the inclusion of domain name system server authentication and verification of name servers for a visiting website for all future anti-phishing toolbars. It also proposes that a Web browser should maintain a white list of websites that engage in online monetary transactions so that when a user requires to access any of these, the default protocol should always be HTTPS (Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure), without which a Web browser should prevent the page from loading.

of useful Web sites, will enhance your exploration of this rich resource. (A list of educational research Web sites discussed in this article are available at http://www-leland.stanford.edu/ ~davidf/edwebresearch.) The Internet refers to a worldwide network of computers talking a language known as TCP/IP. Tens of millions of people in the United States alone work or play with computers that are connected to this network, and worldwide, the number must exceed 100 million. To most users (including other researchers and scholars), the Internet appears as e-mail and the World Wide Web (WWW). The former is probably familiar to anyone reading this article; indeed, estimates are that the number of e-mail letters sent in the United States first exceeded the number of paper postal items in 1995. The WWW, virtually unheard of in 1993, now occupies a prominent place in world popular culture; the once obscure symbol http:// is now ubiquitous. The WWW is a standardized method of transferring files (text, graphics, audio) across the Internet and can result in attractive, vivid, and engaging presentations (known as Web pages) to users connecting to the Internet via Web browsers (Netscape and Microsoft Internet Explorer are currently the most popular). It seems likely that e-mail, web browsing, and-as the speed of telecommunications inevitably increasesvideoconferencing will constitute the core of Internet use for researchers and scholars in the near future.' One