Is Web Browsing Secure?

The worldwide Web has dramatically evolved in recent years. Web pages are dynamic, expressed by programs written in common programming languages given rise to sophisticated Web applications. Thus, Web browsers are almost operating systems, having to interpret/compile such programs and execute them. Although JavaScript is widely used to express dynamic Web pages, it has several shortcomings and performance inefficiencies. To overcome such limitations, major IT powerhouses are developing a new portable and size/load efficient language: WebAssembly.In this paper, we conduct the first systematic study on the energy and run-time performance of WebAssembly and JavaScript on the Web. We used micro-benchmarks and also real applications in order to have more realistic results. Preliminary results show that WebAssembly, while still in its infancy, is starting to already outperform JavaScript, with much more room to grow. A statistical analysis indicates that WebAssembly produces significant performance differences compared to JavaScript. However, these differences differ between micro-benchmarks and real-world benchmarks. Our results also show that WebAssembly improved energy efficiency by 30%, on average, and showed how different WebAssembly behaviour is among three popular Web Browsers: Google Chrome, Microsoft Edge, and Mozilla Firefox. Our findings indicate that WebAssembly is faster than JavaScript and even more energy-efficient. Additionally, our benchmarking framework is also available to allow further research and replication.

Chracer: Memory analysis of Chromium-based browsers

Over the last years, web browsing has been steadily shifting from desktop computers to mobile devices like smartphones and tablets. However, mobile browsers available today have mainly focused on performance rather than power consumption, although the battery life of a mobile device is one of the most important usability metrics. This is because many of these browsers have originated in the desktop domain and have been ported to the mobile domain. Such browsers have multiple power hungry components such as the rendering engine, and the JavaScript engine, and generate high workload without considering the capabilities and the power consumption characteristics of the underlying hardware platform. Also, the lack of coordination between a browser application and the power manager in the operating system (such as Android) results in poor power savings. In this paper, we propose a power manager that takes into account the internal state of a browser -- that we refer to as a phase -- and show with Google's Chrome running on Android that up to 57.4% more energy can be saved over Android's default power managers. We implemented and evaluated our technique on a heterogeneous multiprocessing (HMP) ARM big.LITTLE platform such as the ones found in most modern smartphones.

Garbage-collected language runtimes carefully tune heap limits to reduce garbage collection time and memory usage. However, there's a trade-off: a lower heap limit reduces memory use but increases garbage collection time. Classic methods for setting heap limits include manually tuned heap limits and multiple-of-live-size rules of thumb, but it is not clear when one rule is better than another or how to compare them. We address this problem with a new framework where heap limits are set for multiple heaps at once. Our key insight is that every heap limit rule induces a particular allocation of memory across multiple processes, and this allocation can be sub-optimal. We use our framework to derive an optimal "square-root" heap limit rule, which minimizes total memory usage for any amount of total garbage collection time. Paradoxically, the square-root heap limit rule achieves this coordination without communication: it allocates memory optimally across multiple heaps without requiring any communication between those heaps. To demonstrate that this heap limit rule is effective, we prototype it for V8, the JavaScript runtime used in Google Chrome, Microsoft Edge, and other browsers, as well as in server-side frameworks like node.js and Deno. On real-world web pages, our prototype achieves reductions of approximately 16.0% of memory usage while keeping garbage collection time constant. On memory-intensive benchmarks, reductions of up to 30.0% of garbage collection time are possible with no change in total memory usage.

Organisations are being influenced by the Artificial Intelligence (AI), which indeed implemented several changes to the management processes of organisations. However, the changes accompanying this intervention must carry some aspects that must be studied. The changes start from human resource management (HRM), as the different practices of HRM are gradually transforming to be managed by the AI, including recruitment and selection, training and development, performance appraisal, and compensation. This chapter aims to shed light on these changes and how organisations behave in response to these changes. The key changes brought by AI include changes in skills, changes in technology, changes in decision-making approaches, changes in security and privacy aspects and changes in the way day-to-day tasks are performed. The organisations are responding to these changes by investing in advanced technologies, developing their workforce, adopting AI tools in decision-making, tightening privacy and security aspects, and automating the repetitive tasks and freeing up employees’ time for strategic tasks.

Web browsers are primary targets of attacks because of their extensive uses and the fact that they interact with sensitive data. Vulnerabilities present in a web browser can pose serious risk to millions of users. Thus, it is pertinent to address these vulnerabilities to provide adequate protection for personally identifiable information. Research done in the past has showed that few vulnerability discovery models (VDMs) highlight the characterization of vulnerability discovery process. In these models, severity which is one of the most crucial properties has not been considered. Vulnerabilities can be categorized into different levels based on their severity. The discovery process of each kind of vulnerabilities is different from the other. Hence, it is essential to incorporate the severity of the vulnerabilities during the modelling of the vulnerability discovery process. This paper proposes a model to assess the vulnerabilities present in the software quantitatively with consideration for the severity of the vulnerabilities. It is possible to apply the proposed model to approximate the number of vulnerabilities along with vulnerability discovery rate, future occurrence of vulnerabilities, risk analysis, etc. Vulnerability data obtained from one of the major web browsers (Google Chrome) is deployed to examine goodness-of-fit and predictive capability of the proposed model. Experimental results justify the fact that the model proposed herein can estimate the required information better than the existing VDMs.

In chapters 2–6 I showed you how to build geo web apps using HTML and JavaScript. Apps created this way can be accessed by a web browser via their URLs. As I explained in Chapter 1, one significant disadvantage of web apps is that they cannot be uploaded to the Apple App Store, and therefore have less visibility than a native app. In addition, it is much harder to sell a web app without access to App Store sales platform tools. However, by using a few lines of code, it is possible to embed a web app in a native app, thus creating a hybrid app.

The Data Collection System for Prospective Citizens and Residents (Trainers) in the Setia Hati Brotherhood in the Pekanbaru Branch still uses a manual system. Where paper becomes a means in data collection and data information sources. The rapid development of technology in the current era of globalization that can facilitate all respects, including data collection of information that can make data collection more effective and efficient. PSHT Pekanbaru Branch corrects the problem in this data collection to make data collection faster because the system has not been computerized. The data collection in the PSHT Pekanbaru Branch requires a new system so that the system can be improved. As for the system carried out by the writer who discusses structured development systems using the waterfall method, as well as analysis and design tools using the Unified Modeling Language (UML). As for the implementation, some software is published using the framework framework , the code editor uses Atom, the PHP package uses XAMPP version 3.2.4 (PHP 7.3.9, Apache web server 2.4.7 and MySQL database version 5.0.12) and which the last web browser using Google Chrome

Devices connect to a wireless local area network (WLAN) with Wi-Fi communication (see Chapter 7 (Wireless local area network)). A router connected to an Internet Service Provider (ISP), through a telephone line using DSL (Digital Subscriber Line) technology, provides access to the Internet (see Figure 8-1). The Internet is formed by interconnected computer networks using the Internet Protocol suite, consisting of the Transmission Control Protocol and the Internet Protocol (TCP/IP), to globally link devices. The World Wide Web (WWW) identifies information resources by URLs (Uniform Resource Locators). The client or web browser, such as Google Chrome or Mozilla Firefox, sends an HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol) request to the server device hosting the resource to retrieve information at the web address defined by the URL. The server responds to the client HTTP request, and the client displays the requested web page information on the Android tablet or mobile phone. The client must request web page information from the server, as the server cannot impose updates on the client. The exception is WebSocket, as discussed in Chapter 9.

Along with the development of current technology that has been very sophisticated and rapidly happening in this world, namely in a company, agency, even the world of education as well. At PT Sintech Berkah Abadi has an obligation to give permission to employees who submit. At this time, the management of employee exit permits is still running manually and has not been centralized computerized. Therefore, it requires papers in each process and is less efficient and it is difficult to control permit approval by employees if the HRD and the Chair are outside the office. The method used to develop an information system is to apply the analytical method using SWOT analysis, as well as data collection methods, there are three stages that must be done in collecting data, namely, Observation, Interview, and determining Literature Review (Literature Study) with the journal. The design method is done using the Unified Modeling Language (UML), Notepad ++, XAMPP and the web browser used to open the web that has been designed, Google Chrome. With the licensing system in and out of employees at PT Sintech Berkah Abadi can make it easier for employees to permit and more efficient in its use because they do not have to wait for HRD or leaders when outside the city.
 
 

Chapter 31 - Internet History (Web and Browser Caching)

Along with the development of current technology that has been very sophisticated and rapidly happening in this world, namely in a company, agency, even the world of education as well. At PT Sintech Berkah Abadi has an obligation to give permission to employees who submit. At this time, the management of employee exit permits is still running manually and has not been centralized computerized. Therefore, it requires papers in each process and is less efficient and it is difficult to control permit approval by employees if the HRD and the Chair are outside the office. The method used to develop an information system is to apply the analytical method using SWOT analysis, as well as data collection methods, there are three stages that must be done in collecting data, namely, Observation, Interview, and determining Literature Review (Literature Study) with the journal. The design method is done using the Unified Modeling Language (UML), Notepad ++, XAMPP and the web browser used to open the web that has been designed, Google Chrome. With the licensing system in and out of employees at PT Sintech Berkah Abadi can make it easier for employees to permit and more efficient in its use because they do not have to wait for HRD or leaders when outside the city.
 
 

Web Workers is a specification that defines an API which allows Web application developers to use background workers running scripts in parallel. Web Workers is used with JavaScript and is platform-independent. Hence, Web applications written in JavaScript can be used for a wide variety of purposes. There are many Web applications and some of them, for instance Internet election campaign and real-time broadcasting, need secure communications. We can include digital signatures with such Web applications to guarantee their security of communications. In this demonstration proposal, we assess the performance of parallel implementations of public key cryptosystems on several Web browsers (Internet Explorer, Google Chrome, Opera, and Firefox). With our implementation, it is possible to verify a message in 1.03 milliseconds on a Windows PC and 5.49 milliseconds on an Android tablet (Nexus 7). We also propose cryptography applications for Web browsers.

Safari is a really great web browser—and so is Firefox, and so is Google Chrome. And in addition to those, there are others that are also great, which you'll learn about in this chapter. Still, while I use Safari quite a bit, I don't use it exclusively. I like to bounce around between several different browsers, using each as my main web tool for a couple of weeks, and then switching to a different one. During this time, I still continue to use others for minor tasks, so I'm constantly seeing what works and what doesn't with the range of web browsers for Mac OS X.KeywordsSnow LeopardInternet Relay ChatLayout EngineKeyboard NavigationChrome ExtensionThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.

With the rapidly advancing technology of today, exchange of information and data is a very pertinent matter. The world has just recently witnessed the effects of information leakage through the issue of WikiLeaks. There are huge amounts of data being shared over different platforms nowadays. Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) is one of the most reliable platforms known to and used by almost all people in the world for text as well as voice communication. With the tools like Android Studio and NetBeans available, it is now possible to encrypt the text that has to be sent over the GSM, so that it can be decrypted at the other end of the communication path. However, the encryption and decryption of voice being transmitted over the GSM network still remains a question. In the domain of real time voice encryption, much of the work being carried out pertains to the voice being exchanged through the Internet Protocol. As compared to the Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP), voice over the GSM network has not seen much research work related to its security aspects. The purpose of this paper is to document the results of a project aimed at developing a platform for mobile phones in order to communicate over the GSM network in a secure manner. The most suitable method for achieving the above mentioned objective is to use an open source Operating System (OS), so that the source code is easily accessible and usable. In this paper, the Android OS will be under discussion, which is compatible with all the Android mobile phones. In this way, the maximum number of mobile phone users can be benefitted because Android cell phones are being widely used nowadays. The use of cryptographic algorithms for securing the voice communication over the GSM network is also a part of this paper. The work revolves around the Java programming language since the Android application development has been carried out in Java through the use of Android Studio. Also, NetBeans has been employed for developing algorithms for voice encryption