Stepping Beyond Safari

Web browsers are primary targets of attacks because of their extensive uses and the fact that they interact with sensitive data. Vulnerabilities present in a web browser can pose serious risk to millions of users. Thus, it is pertinent to address these vulnerabilities to provide adequate protection for personally identifiable information. Research done in the past has showed that few vulnerability discovery models (VDMs) highlight the characterization of vulnerability discovery process. In these models, severity which is one of the most crucial properties has not been considered. Vulnerabilities can be categorized into different levels based on their severity. The discovery process of each kind of vulnerabilities is different from the other. Hence, it is essential to incorporate the severity of the vulnerabilities during the modelling of the vulnerability discovery process. This paper proposes a model to assess the vulnerabilities present in the software quantitatively with consideration for the severity of the vulnerabilities. It is possible to apply the proposed model to approximate the number of vulnerabilities along with vulnerability discovery rate, future occurrence of vulnerabilities, risk analysis, etc. Vulnerability data obtained from one of the major web browsers (Google Chrome) is deployed to examine goodness-of-fit and predictive capability of the proposed model. Experimental results justify the fact that the model proposed herein can estimate the required information better than the existing VDMs.

With the ever-growing use of the Internet in our daily lives, an increase of potentially sensitive data being shared and accessed online is observed. Web apps and browsers are the main tools used by Internet users, so being able to guarantee secure browsing is a key point. In this context, this paper explores key aspects of web security and privacy in two of the most widely used browsers worldwide - Google Chrome and Microsoft Edge, running in different operating systems - Windows and Linux. Whilst emulating a browsing routine of a common web user for navigating through heterogeneous services, the aim is to verify if the content being shared online is properly secure. For this purpose, a comparative analysis based on collected web-browsing traffic, protocols in use, cookies and related policies is carried out, being the main browsers’ vulnerabilities identified and discussed.

The worldwide Web has dramatically evolved in recent years. Web pages are dynamic, expressed by programs written in common programming languages given rise to sophisticated Web applications. Thus, Web browsers are almost operating systems, having to interpret/compile such programs and execute them. Although JavaScript is widely used to express dynamic Web pages, it has several shortcomings and performance inefficiencies. To overcome such limitations, major IT powerhouses are developing a new portable and size/load efficient language: WebAssembly.In this paper, we conduct the first systematic study on the energy and run-time performance of WebAssembly and JavaScript on the Web. We used micro-benchmarks and also real applications in order to have more realistic results. Preliminary results show that WebAssembly, while still in its infancy, is starting to already outperform JavaScript, with much more room to grow. A statistical analysis indicates that WebAssembly produces significant performance differences compared to JavaScript. However, these differences differ between micro-benchmarks and real-world benchmarks. Our results also show that WebAssembly improved energy efficiency by 30%, on average, and showed how different WebAssembly behaviour is among three popular Web Browsers: Google Chrome, Microsoft Edge, and Mozilla Firefox. Our findings indicate that WebAssembly is faster than JavaScript and even more energy-efficient. Additionally, our benchmarking framework is also available to allow further research and replication.

The Data Collection System for Prospective Citizens and Residents (Trainers) in the Setia Hati Brotherhood in the Pekanbaru Branch still uses a manual system. Where paper becomes a means in data collection and data information sources. The rapid development of technology in the current era of globalization that can facilitate all respects, including data collection of information that can make data collection more effective and efficient. PSHT Pekanbaru Branch corrects the problem in this data collection to make data collection faster because the system has not been computerized. The data collection in the PSHT Pekanbaru Branch requires a new system so that the system can be improved. As for the system carried out by the writer who discusses structured development systems using the waterfall method, as well as analysis and design tools using the Unified Modeling Language (UML). As for the implementation, some software is published using the framework framework , the code editor uses Atom, the PHP package uses XAMPP version 3.2.4 (PHP 7.3.9, Apache web server 2.4.7 and MySQL database version 5.0.12) and which the last web browser using Google Chrome

Devices connect to a wireless local area network (WLAN) with Wi-Fi communication (see Chapter 7 (Wireless local area network)). A router connected to an Internet Service Provider (ISP), through a telephone line using DSL (Digital Subscriber Line) technology, provides access to the Internet (see Figure 8-1). The Internet is formed by interconnected computer networks using the Internet Protocol suite, consisting of the Transmission Control Protocol and the Internet Protocol (TCP/IP), to globally link devices. The World Wide Web (WWW) identifies information resources by URLs (Uniform Resource Locators). The client or web browser, such as Google Chrome or Mozilla Firefox, sends an HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol) request to the server device hosting the resource to retrieve information at the web address defined by the URL. The server responds to the client HTTP request, and the client displays the requested web page information on the Android tablet or mobile phone. The client must request web page information from the server, as the server cannot impose updates on the client. The exception is WebSocket, as discussed in Chapter 9.

Along with the development of current technology that has been very sophisticated and rapidly happening in this world, namely in a company, agency, even the world of education as well. At PT Sintech Berkah Abadi has an obligation to give permission to employees who submit. At this time, the management of employee exit permits is still running manually and has not been centralized computerized. Therefore, it requires papers in each process and is less efficient and it is difficult to control permit approval by employees if the HRD and the Chair are outside the office. The method used to develop an information system is to apply the analytical method using SWOT analysis, as well as data collection methods, there are three stages that must be done in collecting data, namely, Observation, Interview, and determining Literature Review (Literature Study) with the journal. The design method is done using the Unified Modeling Language (UML), Notepad ++, XAMPP and the web browser used to open the web that has been designed, Google Chrome. With the licensing system in and out of employees at PT Sintech Berkah Abadi can make it easier for employees to permit and more efficient in its use because they do not have to wait for HRD or leaders when outside the city.
 
 

Chapter 31 - Internet History (Web and Browser Caching)

Along with the development of current technology that has been very sophisticated and rapidly happening in this world, namely in a company, agency, even the world of education as well. At PT Sintech Berkah Abadi has an obligation to give permission to employees who submit. At this time, the management of employee exit permits is still running manually and has not been centralized computerized. Therefore, it requires papers in each process and is less efficient and it is difficult to control permit approval by employees if the HRD and the Chair are outside the office. The method used to develop an information system is to apply the analytical method using SWOT analysis, as well as data collection methods, there are three stages that must be done in collecting data, namely, Observation, Interview, and determining Literature Review (Literature Study) with the journal. The design method is done using the Unified Modeling Language (UML), Notepad ++, XAMPP and the web browser used to open the web that has been designed, Google Chrome. With the licensing system in and out of employees at PT Sintech Berkah Abadi can make it easier for employees to permit and more efficient in its use because they do not have to wait for HRD or leaders when outside the city.
 
 

Web Workers is a specification that defines an API which allows Web application developers to use background workers running scripts in parallel. Web Workers is used with JavaScript and is platform-independent. Hence, Web applications written in JavaScript can be used for a wide variety of purposes. There are many Web applications and some of them, for instance Internet election campaign and real-time broadcasting, need secure communications. We can include digital signatures with such Web applications to guarantee their security of communications. In this demonstration proposal, we assess the performance of parallel implementations of public key cryptosystems on several Web browsers (Internet Explorer, Google Chrome, Opera, and Firefox). With our implementation, it is possible to verify a message in 1.03 milliseconds on a Windows PC and 5.49 milliseconds on an Android tablet (Nexus 7). We also propose cryptography applications for Web browsers.

Over the last years, web browsing has been steadily shifting from desktop computers to mobile devices like smartphones and tablets. However, mobile browsers available today have mainly focused on performance rather than power consumption, although the battery life of a mobile device is one of the most important usability metrics. This is because many of these browsers have originated in the desktop domain and have been ported to the mobile domain. Such browsers have multiple power hungry components such as the rendering engine, and the JavaScript engine, and generate high workload without considering the capabilities and the power consumption characteristics of the underlying hardware platform. Also, the lack of coordination between a browser application and the power manager in the operating system (such as Android) results in poor power savings. In this paper, we propose a power manager that takes into account the internal state of a browser -- that we refer to as a phase -- and show with Google's Chrome running on Android that up to 57.4% more energy can be saved over Android's default power managers. We implemented and evaluated our technique on a heterogeneous multiprocessing (HMP) ARM big.LITTLE platform such as the ones found in most modern smartphones.

Node.js is one of the hottest open source web platforms currently available. It's built on Google Chrome's V8 JavaScript runtime engine and it allows you to write all kinds of network applications and servers in just a few lines of code. Node.js uses an asynchronous programming model built on non-blocking I/O and a single-threaded event loop. What this means, basically, is that you don't need to be concerned with awful race conditions or synchronization issues that arise when programming for a concurrent multi-user environment. This workshop is aimed mainly at web development instructors that would like to consider teaching a single programming language, JavaScript, for both client-side and server-side coding. Participants will learn how to employ Node.js on Windows, Mac OS or Linux in order to write scalable web servers and applications. Additionally, the Express web framework will be introduced in order to demonstrate how to quickly program traditional webapps and single-page applications (SPA) with the aid of jQuery, AJAX and RESTful web services. The resulting programs will be usable from any modern web browser, including those found in desktop and laptop computers, and mobile devices such as tablets and smart-phones. Participants should have prior working knowledge of client-side (running on a browser) JavaScript and HTML. More information: http://node.arielortiz.info/ Laptop Required.

Google Chrome, the most popular web browser today, allows users to extend its functionality by means of extensions available in its own store or any third party website. Users can also develop their own extensions easily and add them to their browser. Vulnerabilities in browser extensions could be exploited by malicious websites to gain access to sensitive user data or to attack another website. A browser extension can also turn malicious and attack a website or steal user data. This paper proposes a framework which can be used by users and developers to analyse Chrome extensions. The technique presented here uses the permissions feature of chrome extensions and the flow of data through the extension’s JavaScript code to detect vulnerabilities in extensions and to check whether the extension could be malicious.

Google Chrome, one of the world's most popular web browsers, features an extension framework allowing third-party developers to enhance Chrome's functionality. Chrome extensions are distributed through the Chrome Web Store (CWS), a Google-operated online marketplace. In this paper, we describe how we developed and deployed three recommender systems for discovering relevant extensions in CWS, namely non-personalized recommendations, related extension recommendations, and personalized recommendations. Unlike most existing papers that focus on novel algorithms, this paper focuses on sharing practical experiences when building large-scale recommender systems under various real-world constraints, such as privacy constraints, data sparsity and skewness issues, and product design choices (e.g., user interface). We show how these constraints make standard approaches difficult to succeed in practice. We share success stories that turn negative live metrics to positive ones, including: 1) how we use interpretable neural models to bootstrap the systems, help identifying pipeline issues, and pave the way for more advanced models; 2) a new item-item based algorithm for related recommendations that works under highly skewed data distributions; and 3) how the previous two techniques can help bootstrapping the personalized recommendations, which significantly reduces development cycles and bypasses various real-world difficulties. All the explorations in this work are verified in live traffic on millions of users. We believe that the findings in this paper can help practitioners to build better large-scale recommender systems.

The growing dependence on software and the increasing complexity of such systems builds and feeds the attack surface for exploitable vulnerabilities. Security researchers put up a lot of effort to develop exploits and analyze existing exploits with the goal of staying ahead of the state-of-the-art in attacks and defenses. The urge for automated systems that operate at scale, speed and efficiency is therefore undeniable. Given their complexity and large user base, web browsers pose an attractive target. Due to various mitigation strategies, the exploitation of a browser vulnerability became a time consuming, multi-step task: creating a working exploit even from a crashing input is a resource-intensive task that can take a substantial amount of time to complete. In many cases, the input, which triggers a vulnerability follows a crashing path but does not enter an exploitable state. In this paper, we introduce novel methods to significantly improve and partially automate the development process for browser exploits. Our approach is based on the observation that an analyst typically performs certain manual analysis steps that can be automated. This serves the purpose to propagate the bug-induced, controlled data to a specific program location to carry out a desired action. These actions include achieving write-what-where or control over the instruction pointer primitives. These are useful to extend control over the target program and are necessities towards successful code execution, the ultimate goal of the adversary. We implemented a prototype of our approach called PrimGen. For a given browser vulnerability, it is capable of automatically crafting data objects that lead the execution to a desired action. We show in our evaluation that our approach is able to generate new and previously unknown exploitation opportunities for real-world vulnerabilities in Mozilla Firefox, Internet Explorer, and Google Chrome. Using small templates, PrimGen generates inputs that conducts specific primitives. In total, PrimGen has found 48 JavaScript inputs which conduct the desired primitives when fed into the target browsers.

Electronic voting (e-voting) is an electronic method of voting. This voting method ensures that it is easier to vote and encourages more people to vote while also eradicating hooliganism and violence that impede several elections in many countries. It is a transparent form of voting if it has not been hacked; Unique Identification of India thus, the need for Ethereum and blockchain network in the e-voting system. The transactions on blockchain is evenly distributed ensuring that it is decentralized, meaning there is no specific database where data is stored, hence ensuring tight security. This paper seeks to therefore develop an e-voting system based on Ethereum by using the KECCAK256 algorithm by creating a voting scheme that is transparent, reliable, visible, and easy access to the election process starting from registration phase to the results phase. In developing this system, we made use of react js for building the user interface of the system, node js for the executing the JavaScript code outside of the web browser, and solidity was used for programming the smart contract. The system was successfully tested on Ganache which was the local blockchain used in implementing the system, and Google Chrome was the user interface where the user could access to vote and MetaMask which was used for accessing the Ethereum platform where authentication and authorization take place. The performance of the system on comparing it to other existing systems showed that the system was above average.KeywordsEthereumElectronic votingKECCAK256 algorithmBlockchain technologySmart contractSecurity