Widening the Screen

Rights and citizenship in a world of global terrorism

This concluding chapter argues that Brazilian women's film practice retains an impulse to use moving images as a way to denounce social inequality and fight for justice. Indeed, throughout the 1990s and in recent years, one finds an increasingly intersectional approach whereby gender, and female sexuality have been studied in conjunction with age, class, race, ethnicity, and other markers of power and social exclusion. Moreover, the sociopolitical issues raised by women directors from the past find echo in current debates surrounding Brazilian women's filmmaking. As the area of Brazilian women's filmmaking receives increasing attention from academics, analysis of women's filmmaking in Brazil needs to further examine funding strategies women employ to make their films while also expanding its focus to include other arenas in film production, distribution, and exhibition in which women have been involved.

After a season in the State of Pernambuco, the painter and illustrator Carlos Chambelland (1884-1950), judging to have finded the true essence of the Brazilian culture, began to produce a series of pictures that figured the human types of the northeastern hinterland, its ways of life and environment. In the present article, trying to better understand these pictures of Chambelland, we analyze their dialog with the regionalist trends that marked the Brazilian visual arts since the mid-19th century XIX and how they were inserted in the debates concerning the Brazilian cultural identity, one of the prominent concerns in the intellectual circles of the so-called First Republic.

This research aims to develop Camtasia studio-based learning video products for Arabic Language Education students, focusing on the stages of learning video design and media feasibility analysis and Camtasia Studio-based learning video materials. This research was conducted to provide alternative learning media that can be prepared by lecturers so that students are not bored and enthusiastic about attending lectures. This research used the Research and Development (RD) method with the ADDIE model covering 5 stages, namely, (a) analyzing needs so that video products that need to be developed can be found; (b) designing video products as required; (c) conduct testing and development of video products; (d) use video products and product trials and (e) evaluate and assess each step of the activities and video products that have been created by specifications. This research involves media experts and material experts as well as 30 students who will test the video product. The results of the trial of Camtasia studio-based learning media products averaged 86% and 92% of material expert validation scores so that they got the "feasible/valid" category. The results of product trials (limited product trials) received an average score of 80% and 93% with the category "very valid". So, it can be concluded that Camtasia studio-based learning media is feasible and can be used for lecturers and students of Arabic Language Education.

This essay examines recent scholarship on imperialism and citizenship in nineteenth-century British literature. Against the backdrop of the coronavirus pandemic and the Black Lives Matter Movement of 2020, events that prompted worldwide discussions on citizenship rights and racial (in)justice, this essay interrogates the relative scarcity of scholarship on citizenship in the subfield of nineteenth-century British literature. Drawing on the postcolonial insight of the North American journal Victorian Studies’s widely-discussed special issue for Spring 2020 titled “Undisciplining Victorian Studies,” this essay argues that studies on nineteenth-century citizenship requires an interdisciplinary approach connecting the achievements of diverse disciplines encompassing history, political science, sociology, and more. In the nineteenth century, the British people understood themselves as “British subjects” rather than citizens, which was not yet a concept fully legally embraced though the definition of citizenship was being actively developed in other contexts. Historically, discussions of British national citizenship focused on suffrage, which inevitably emphasized class as the central question. This essay proposes that gender and race deserve more scholarly attention, especially through an expanded understanding of a British imperial citizenship that can encompass more kinds of social belonging beyond the right to vote. The essay concludes by raising the the question of academic citizenship in order to highlight the importance of the inclusion and participation of scholars from both formerly colonized parts of the world and outside the British Empire.

Following large environmental conflicts and disasters, economic endeavors -particular large-scale investments in mining or hydropower- are nowadays subjected to rigorous environmental law and regulations. The application of rules and regulations takes place in environmental administration and courts and includes environmental impact assessments (EIAs, and does not correspond to the identical English acronym), licensing processes and litigation in court. Within these contexts, decision making is supposed to be based on rational reasoning and purportedly impartial scientific knowledge and information. Thus, citizens’ rights in resource conflicts and the effective enforcement of these rights in administrative, judicial, and political contestation become highly dependent on knowledge and information and the ways it is produced, interpreted, and valued in the interaction between people affected and investors, lays and experts, bureaucrats, legal practitioners and citizens. Political contestation becomes seemingly a technical dispute. This paper bases on a qualitative study of the conflicts surrounding the establishment of the large-scale iron-ore mining project Minas-Rio, in Conceição do Mato Dentro, Minas Gerais, Brazil, conducted in 2014-2015. It describes the problematic nature of the production of information and knowledge in a given political-economic context and the contestations surrounding the validity of apparently scientific results as they emerged alongside the environmental licensing process. Environmental studies and their technical evaluations are based on questionable assumptions and often lack accurate baseline data. The deficiency of public resources for independent investigation makes the environmental agencies dependent on services and information provided by mining companies. Apart from this form of collaboration, the prioritization of allegedly scientific “expert” knowledge, career trajectories of agencies’ personnel, and pressure by pro-mining politicians leads to the uncritical adoption of data, information and knowledge provided by the company and/or the consultancy firms employed by them. At the same time, information given by the people affected and environmentalists becomes sidelined. Thereby, the basic environmental and citizen rights, as the rights to information concerning the environment and to participation in licensing processes, guaranteed in the Brazilian constitution and environmental legislation, become ineffective.

Introduction: media, disaster relief and community resilience This chapter focuses on the role of alternative media such as community radio, popular theatre, performance art and community video in disaster relief and community resilience, particularly in the context of the May 2006 earthquake in Yogyakarta Province, Indonesia.1 The contributions of these media range from issuing early warning signals to rebuilding a sense of social cohesion and cultural identity in the aftermath of a disaster. The Indonesian alternative media not only complements the material reconstruction efforts of local communities, but also relates to an informational and spiritual domain that has been insufficiently covered by domestic and international public and commercial media. Following Raymond Williams (1980), Chris Atton (2002: 4, 25) describes alternative media as comprising various degrees of the ‘decapitalization’, ‘deprofessionalization’ and ‘deinstitutionalization’ of communication. Alternative media facilitates a potentially more democratic form of communication, as it gives access to media production, distribution and consumption to people who are excluded by the financial, professional and institutional structures of the mainstream media (Dowmunt with Coyer 2007: 1; Howley 2010a: 75, 2010b: 4, 2010c: 16). Alternative media is not limited to media with an explicit or radical political agenda, but includes any media that enables people to reflect on and transform processes of communication in relation to their specific social circumstances (Atton 2002: 7, 30; Howley 2010c: 17-19; Dowmunt with Coyer 2007: 3-4). Community media is a specific form of alternative media in which different types of information and informational values ‘are produced by the same people whose concerns they represent, from a position of engagement and direct participation’ (Atton 2002: 16-17; Traber 1985). The 2002 Indonesian Broadcasting Law includes community media as a fourth official category of broadcast media, after public, commercial and subscription broadcasting services. In Indonesia, community media is usually described as media ‘from, by and for the people’, as it provides local people with the opportunity to create their own media content and to participate in media ownership and management (Nazarrudin and Hermanto 2009; Jurriens 2009: 141-58; Birowo 2011).

various strata of society, but it particularly impacts women and children deeply. Poverty encompasses not only income deficiency for women but also the lack of social participation, leading to social exclusion. However, the question of whether poverty should be considered primarily as a women's issue or examined from a broader perspective is a subject of debate, as women can be disproportionately affected due to a gender-biased perspective. Recent research indicates that in contemporary societies, women are more adversely affected by poverty compared to men. Gender inequality and income disparities often restrict women's access to education, limit employment opportunities, push them into low-paying jobs, or hinder their workforce participation due to domestic responsibilities. Studies conducted by the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) highlight the prevalence of global gender inequality in Sub-Saharan Africa, the Arab Peninsula, and many South Asian countries. These studies also reveal that gender inequality is more pronounced in countries with low to medium levels of human development. Consequently, regions like the Arab Peninsula and South Asia exhibit extremely low rates of female workforce participation. Moreover, these regions often witness a significant lack of female representation in their parliaments. Among the fundamental causes of women's poverty are deficiencies in education and negative societal attitudes towards women. Therefore, it is of utmost importance to elevate women's educational levels and encourage their participation in the labor force. Studies have shown a correlation between increasing women's education levels and economic growth. Consequently, governments should review employment policies and social security mechanisms to enhance women's access to employment opportunities. Social assistance policies should be implemented with a rights-based approach and should encompass women. Addressing the excessive burden of household chores, gender-based discrimination, and patriarchal attitudes limiting women's career choices is of paramount importance. Transforming societal norms and dismantling gender biases are necessary for this purpose. The combat against female poverty necessitates the active engagement of Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) in the realm of social policy implementations, social assistance programs, governmental initiatives related to gender-responsive budgeting, and the practices of financial institutions concerning microcredit.

The recent condition of complexity within nation-states, triggered by the visibility of transnational communities and by the political demands of cultural identities, indicates that the traditional tools of national narratives with respect to articulations of identity and membership are exhausted. The debate on postnationalism suggests that unbounding citizenship from its national narrative would create the conditions in which the contentious issues of cultural recognition and representation could be resolved without resorting to the narrow confines of national narratives. This paper argues that that even though the postnationalism debate makes an important contribution in terms of indicating alternative forms of citizenship that are not tied to national discourse, it seriously underestimates the deep political connection between citizenship regimes and national narratives. By separating citizenship from national discourse, the postnationalism debate overlooks the ways in which transnational, ethnic, religious, sexual and other cultural identities interact with national narratives to negotiate their citizenship rights. More importantly, this assumed separation of citizenship rights from national discourse fails to acknowledge that the particular forms of citizenship rights, such as political representation and cultural recognition, and how they are exercised, are intertwined with the cultural hegemony of national narratives. Finally, the tension between citizenship regimes and national narratives provides the political space within which formerly marginalized groups and identities can invoke otherness to negotiate the cultural boundaries of nation-states. In other words, the politics of citizenship invoked by marginalized groups and identities is not simply about legal claims but also includes political attempts to reconfigure national narratives.

To present the cross-cultural adaptation of the Diabetes Knowledge Scale and Attitudes Questionnaires targeted to evaluate Brazilian Diabetes Mellitus patients. These questionnaires underwent the following steps: presentation, translation, back translation, semantic and idiomatic assessments, cultural and conceptual similarities and a pilot test. They were administered in two opportunities a month apart in a sample of 61 Diabetes Mellitus type-2 patients from a university hospital. The study design included a test-retest reliability of the answers, which were analyzed and estimated by means of the Kappa coefficient. The findings suggested an adequacy of the instruments to the Portuguese language and Brazilian cultural identity. The Kappa coefficient in the reliability analysis showed levels of concordance from moderate to high (0.44 to 0.69) for most questions. The questionnaires proved to be of very easy understanding for the studied subjects and reliable and valid for use in the evaluation of diabetes educational programs in the reality of Brazil.

O objetivo deste estudo, é descrever a significação das representações sociais associadas à mulher brasileira nas atividades físico-desportivas a partir de 1 870, época que se caracteriza pela tendência a excluí-la dessas atividades, até 1950, quando se verifica um processo generalizado de democratização de seu acesso ao campo esportivo, que culmina com a primeira Olimpíada Feminina, ocorrida no Rio de Janeiro. Lançando mão de abordagens múltiplas, o estudo considera: a) depoimentos de intelectuais brasileiros médicos, juristas e educadores envolvidos com a temática mulher e esporte, no último quarto do século passado e primeiro deste século (Nísia Floresta, João da Matta Machado, Rui Barbosa, Fernando de Azevedo, Orlando Rangel Sobrinho e Afrânio Peixoto),- b) técnicas de entrevista semi-estruturada com informantes de elite, que se constituem em ícones do processo de emancipação da mulher brasileira no/através do esporte: Maria Lenk, Vara Vaz, Aída dos Santos e Roselee Viana Ribeiro); e c) documentos da mídia, sobretudo a respeito dos Jogos da Primavera, Olimpíada Feminina organizada pelo Jornal dos Sports de 1949 a 1972. The aim of this study is to describe the meaning of social representations associated with Brazilian women in physical-sport activity from 1870, when women tended to be excluded from these activities, to 1 950, when there was a widespread process of democratization of women's access to sports, which culminated in the first Womens Olympic Games, in Rio de Janeiro. With the support of multiple methodological approaches, the study considers: (a) the testimony of Brazilian intellectuals

This article explores the relationship between place-branding and creative industries in post-industrial urban landscapes, with a particular focus on Wales’ capital city, Cardiff. It examines the production and representation of place by close reference to BBC Wales’ television production as a case study of place-making. It draws upon original research undertaken for BBC Audience Council Wales that sought to gauge the cultural impact of BBC Wales’ landmark drama production. Questions of ethics, representation and cultural identity are explored through analysis of developers' and broadcasters’ promotional materials, key speeches and interviews with television commissioners, and focus groups with BBC Wales’ viewers and residents of Cardiff and the rest of Wales. Arguing that television is a powerful medium for representing and branding place, the article contributes to debates concerning the relationship between national media organisations and urban regeneration projects.

Investing in poor women: The psychology of donor support

Black saints hold significant historical and symbolic relevance, serving as resistance, spirituality, and identity figures for Afro-descendant communities. Their visual representation, particularly in cinema, has played a crucial role in cultural reinterpretation and the construction of narratives that challenge Eurocentric paradigms. This presentation examines how Brazilian cinema has portrayed black saints, exploring how these representations engage with collective memory, Afro-descendant spirituality, and dynamics of religious syncretism. The study addresses the importance of these figures in shaping a sense of belonging and resistance, as well as the challenges surrounding their appropriation and depiction in cinematic contexts.Through analysing two representative films, we investigate how cinematic language shapes perceptions of black saints and their connections to popular religiosity, highlighting tensions between faith, identity, and cultural heritage. This research reflects on the impact of these representations on the social imagination, emphasising the role of cinema in the appreciation and preservation of Afro-descendant traditions. By discussing the significance of black saints’ imagery in cinema, this presentation aims to contribute to a deeper understanding of the role of black spirituality in shaping cultural identity and affirming religious diversity in the cinematic space.

In this special double issue, Al-Raida presents a multi-faceted file that deals with Arab Women and Cinema. Many film makers and Arab film cri ics have contributed to it. The questions raised not only, include the image of women and women's issues in Arab cinema, but also her position in the cinema industry. Moreover, the file sheds light on wome 's partkipation in the creation of a new language that accompanied the development of the Arab fi m throughout the previous decades, taking into considera ion the specificities of each film in eV,ery Arab ountr.