Orem's general theory of nursing, referred to as the self-care deficit nursing theory, is described as a theory that can be used for organizing and structuring nursing knowledge and nursing practice. The technolog ical nursing process appropriate to the theory is described. The use of the self-care deficit nursing theory is illustrated through a case study. The relationship between the case situation and the technological proc ess of nursing is explored.

The nursing care of cancer patients has increased in complexity over the past 20 years. Cancer nurses are offering highly specialized care that is frequently delivered in teamwork in hospitals as well as in the community. Cancer nursing uses the development of nursing science and research. Nurses could not be accountable for their practice if this expert knowledge was not made accessible to them. This article focuses on nursing science as a new development in clinical nursing practice in Germany, it identifies why cancer nursing is so demanding on part of the patients, their families (significant others) and professional nurses. Research studies are discussed to demonstrate how scientific knowledge can support the nursing expert in the development of cancer nursing care, a well developed domain of nursing science.

By understanding the constructions of knowledge we currently label nursing theories as nursing ontologies, nurses can perceive these conceptualizations differently. Paul Ricoeur and Stephen White offer a conceptualization of ontology that differs from traditional, realist perspectives because they assume that a person's experience of a phenomenon (e.g., nursing) will change, but also maintain some stability. Discussing nursing ontologies, rather than nursing theories, might increase philosophy's status in nursing and may also more accurately reflect the experience of being a nurse.

Top level nursing administrators must clearly conceptualize professional nursing activities in a corporate context. The accounting and marketing practices utilized in established corporate entities provide a model for interpreting nursing activities. Definition of product and determination of nursing as revenue or expense centers are explored with an established non-nursing corporation as a source for comparison.

Associate Professor, Department of Nursing Administration, School of Nursing, University of Colorado, Denver

First, may I offer my congratulations to the University of São Paulo of Nursing on your 50th Jubilee.Also, may I commend you for the manner in wich you are celebrating this anniversary.This international conference on Nursing Research: A Matter of Helth is appropriate recognition of the goals and accomplishment of your school, as well as recognition of nursing's actual and potential contribution to society.I am highly honores to be among the distinguished panel of nurse researchers and theorists who have preceded and will follow on the program this week.They have come from various parts of the world to talk about various dimensions of nursing research.I am not in their class as renowned nurse scholars and researchers.Therefore, I may bring a different perspective and experience to these proceedings.My perspective has been that nursing practice is art, science, politics, and business.My experience, as an academic dean and as an activist member of professional organizations, has been more in the realm of nursing politics than nursing science.Nevertheless, the two dimensions -nursing science and politics -are closely tied together.Scientific and political forces are mutually reinforcing or mutually weakening, as the case may be.Therefore, my talk this morning will be on the subject of "Empowering Nursing Research and Nursing Researchers."My premise is that while nursing science is the process of generating nursing knowledge, nursing politics is the means of generating the resources for and the recognition of nursing science (and nurse scientists) -in universities, in agencies of government, in the professional comunity, OT wherever.Politics, in the purest sense, is governance.Common wisdom describes it as the art of getting'things done.It is for this reason that when my particular perspective appeared in International Nursing Review in

Nursing has long been described as both a science and an art. If the science of nursing is to be relevant to the art of nursing, then it must be conceptualized and pursued such that these two central components of nursing remain connected. Current conceptualizations of nursing science are examined in terms of the consequences that each conceptualization might have for the art of nursing. Pursuing nursing science as a basic science or an applied science disarticulates the science of nursing and the art of nursing. The author concludes that only if nursing science is conceptualized and pursued as a practical science will the science of nursing be consistently relevant to the art of nursing.

Introduction: Nursing-Sensitive Indicators (NSIs) is a critical concept for the advancement of the nursing profession. However, different managerial positions may have a different perspective on the appropriate NSIs that should be used in hospitals for the monitoring of nursing care quality. This study aims to find if there is a difference between three groups of nursing managerial positions on the appropriateness of NSIs for the monitoring of nursing care quality. Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional approach was employed to evaluate if there is a difference among the three managerial groups in their evaluation for the appropriateness of using a cluster of NSIs in acute care settings. The study was conducted in Jordan between February and March 2020. Result: The study participants were 60 nurses from different managerial positions. The mean scores of the participants were: directors of nursing (200.6), nursing supervisors (199.1), and nursing quality specialists (198.62). The findings revealed no statistical difference between the three groups of their evaluation of the appropriateness of the NSIs. Conclusion: Standardizing the nursing mangers perspectives of NSIs may advance utilization of the NSIs for the monitoring and reporting of nursing care quality. Implications for Nursing Management: Consistent understanding of the measures that can be used to monitor quality of nursing care can establish the foundation for quality measurement and quality improvement in acute care settings.

Objective To explore and compare the current status of nursing professional value of nursing school faculty and clinical nursing tutors, then to analyze the potential reasons of the difference on nursing professional value. Methods A total of 59 nursing school faculty and 146 clinical nursing tutors were recruited by convenient sampling. Nurses professional values scale-revised (NPVS-R) and a self-designed information questionnaire were adopted to measure the teachers' nursing professional value and collect their demographic data from May to July 2015. Results The outcome showed that the total score of NPVS-R of nursing school faculty was (88.92±14.90) points, and the average score of each item was (3.42±0.57) points, while the total score of clinical nursing tutors was (103.61±12.31) points, and the average score of each item was (3.99±0.47) points. Domain Trust got the highest mean score and domain Activism got the lowest in both groups. Nursing school faculty had a lower professional value than that of clinical nursing tutors (P 0.05) . Conclusions The nursing professional value of nursing school faculty and clinical nursing tutors are in an above-average level overall. But nursing professional value of nursing school faculty still needs to be improved. In order to enhance the cultivation of nursing talents, maintain stability of the nursing staff team and improve the nursing quality, nursing school and faculty themselves should take measures to improve the nursing professional values. Key words: Faculty, nursing college; Nursing faculty practice; Clinical nursing tutors; Professional value

Nursing excellence is usually defined in terms of having and applying more and more knowledge, especially from nursing science--the more nurses know, the better their practice. This conceptualization of nursing practice has similarities with the ancient Greek mode of reasoning called techne but cannot adequately deal with the ambiguities of everyday nursing. Nursing excellence does occur, however, with phronetic, ontological practice in which a nurse's morals, habits, and dispositions guide practice. Of course, nurses need a comprehensive knowledge and skill base, but phronetic nurses negotiate the "rough ground" of nursing practice because ontological dispositions are guiding practice rather than simply applying generalizable and communal knowledge from nursing science. Techne-ical practice leads to competent nursing, but only phronetic practice results in nursing excellence. Included in this article is a description of techne-ical practice, its limitations for nursing excellence, and rationale for adopting a phronetic conceptualization of nursing practice.